Biotechnology and Genetic
Engineering
DNA Identification
• The repeating sequences in noncoding DNA
vary between individuals and thus can be used
to identify an individual.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
DNA Identification• Cutting DNA: Restriction Enzyme
– The DNA is then cut into fragments using restriction enzymes.
– Restriction enzymes recognize and cut specific nucleotide sequences.
DNA Identification
– Researchers use restriction enzymes to insert DNA
fragments into vectors.
– The resulting DNA from two different organisms is
called recombinant DNA.
DNA Identification
• Sorting DNA by Size: Gel Electrophoresis
– The fragments are separated by size using gel
electrophoresis.
DNA Identification
Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering has many applications
including:
– Medicine
– Agriculture
Genetic Engineering
• Gene Therapy
– Gene therapy refers to treating genetic disorders by
correcting a defect in a gene or by providing a normal form
of a gene.
Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering is used to produce
disease-resistant, pest-resistant, and
herbicide-resistant crops in an effort to
improve the yields and nutrition of the human
food supply.
Genetic Engineering
Think – Pair- Share
• Spend 5 minutes independently answering these questions:
1. Describe what biotechnology and genetic engineering are in your own words.
2. What is gel electrophoresis? What are some applications that it can be used for?
3. What are some possible ethical issues associated with genetic engineering? What are some potential benefits?
4. Do you think there should be restrictions on genetic engineering? Why or why not?
• Spend 10 minutes discussing your answers with the person next to you. How do your answers differ?