Bioteknologi som drivkraft i bioøkonomien

Ole Jørgen Marvik, Spesialrådgiver, Avdeling for Biobaserte Næringer, Innovasjon Norge

The bioeconomy is value creation based on renewable biological resouces.

The bioeconomy reflects the turning away from petroleum dependency.

Bioenergy

Materials Chemicals

Food & feed

"What ever happens in this century, we will have to learn to live without fossil hydrocarbons."

Prof. David Goldstein, CalTech: ”Out of Gas: The End of the Age of Oil”, 2004

1000 2000 3000

Traditional bioeconomyTechnology-based

bioeconomy

Petroleum economy

Technology is the mother of change

The Stone Age did not end due to shortage of stone!

What about the Petroleum Age ???

Biomass production capacity is limited

FoodNon-food

5 bill MT

agricultural and marine products

6 bill MT oil & gas

3 bill MT

agri and forestry

+ 6-8 bill MT feed+ 6-8 bill MT coal

Sugars, protein, lipids etc.

Fossile carbon(gas, oil, coal)

200 mill years

Cyanobacteria,Microalgae, plants

Cyanobacteria,Microalgae, plants

CO2 + H2O

Light, wind, waves, hydropower

Methane, methanol

e-

CO2 + H2O

Degradation

Remove oxygen

Degradation

Conversion Conversion

Chain elongation

Conversion

Fossile carbon(gas, oil, coal)

200 mill years

Light, wind, waves, hydropower

Sugars, protein, lipids etc.

Cyanobacteria,Microalgae, plants

Methane, methanol

e-

CO2 + H2O CO2 + H2O

From black to green carbon

Typical platform chemicals

Fossil resources

Petrochemistry Biotechnology

Renewable resources

Olefins: an important group of building blocks in chemistry

N-Butenes3

Butadiene4

Isoprene5

Ethylene1

Propylene2

Isobutene6

Courtesy of Global Bioenergies, Evry, France

Synthetic biology

A global industrial revolution

Consumer segments where the future matters

6,000 tons of ABS per year • Acrylonitrile: From propylene + ammonia• Butadiene: From butane• Styrene: From benzene + ethylene

23rd June 2015: LEGO will invest $ 150 mill in order to be “fossil free” in 2030.

LEGO Group owner Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen:

“Our mission is to inspire and develop the

builders of tomorrow.”

Integrated sectors – green products

Food/feed ingredients

Speciality chemicals

Biopharmaceuticals

Cosmetics

Textiles

Bioplastics & polymers

Pulp & paper

Lubricants

Bulk chemicals

Bioenergy

Fisheries/aquaculture

Plankton/Krill

Micro-algae

Kelps

Cerials

Oil crops

Suger crops

Wood/straw

Livestock/poultry

Municipal waste

Conversion

12

Agricultural non-food crops

Thistles

Matrica (Sardinia)

50:50 JV between Versalis and Novamont, transforming a former petrochemical plant into a biorefinary.

Vegetable oils turned into e.g. carboxylic acids and esters found in cosmetics, fragrances, homecare, bioplastics etc…

www.matrica.it

Tobacco

CSIRO (Australia)

High density tobacco with >100% increase in yield (20 T/ha).

Vehicle for various GM crops, e.g. high value proteins such as vaccines or enzymes, or…

…increase from 1 to 25% oil in the leaves – for food and industry.

www.biofuelsdigest.com

Kultevat Inc. (USA)

Russian Dandelion

Breeding program generating high yields of precursors for rubber, as well as sugars for biofuel.

High quality latex goods (gloves, condoms, balloons), as well as bulk rubber products such as automotive parts and tires.

www.kultevat.com

Main Norwegian biomass

BorregaardBiomega

Biotech in aquaculture; growth, health, feed..

Source: Kontali

…and bioprocessing / biorefining

Rundfisk

FOOD PROCESSING

1,3 mill MT50%

16

Co-products

ENZYMATIC

HYDROLYSIS

Lipids

Protein

Bone

BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES POWDERS EXTRACTSMODIFIED LIPIDS PEPTONES PHOSPHOSLIPIDS GLUCOSAMINESMARINE MINERALS FLAVOURS CHONDROITIN

50%

waste

e.g. proteases

Testing a marine peptone from salmon as fermentation nutrient.

Reaching out to new markets

CPI (Centre for Process

Innovation), WiltonBiomega AS, Bergen

The sugar platform

Starch Cellulose

Industrial fermentation

Single cell protein for feed

Etanol or butanol as fuel

Platform chemicals

Pharma-ceuticals

Enzymatic hydrolysis

Mono-sugar Alginate

$

19

No need to adjust pH with

chemicals such as ammonia

and sulfuric acid.

Reduces cost (soluble

enzyme, machinery, energy,

water, time etc.)

Sugar etanol

A thermostable amylase enzyme engineered into the corn endosperm.

The feedstock – designer crops

Syngenta Inc

• Enogen was awarded Agri Marketing Magazine’s 2014 Product of the Year Award• However, concerns remains over potential cross-pollination to food-crops.

Nanocellulose

The paleozoic origin of enzymatic lignin decomposition reconstructed from 31 fungal genomes. Science 336, 1715-1719 (2012)

Coal deposits due to lack of lignin enzymes

Ligno-cellulose

Potentially a great source of aromatic building blocks

$ 15 per kg$ 1500 per kg

The many sources of vanillin

From wild catch to cultivation

Seaweed Energy Solutions AS develops technology for cultivation and harvesting of seeweed in exposed waters.

The potential could be millions of tons!

Currently, FMC Biopolymer is harvesting >150.000 MT of Laminaria hyperborea along the Norwegian coast.

Total value > € 125 mill.

Consolidated bioprocessing of kelp

Endo-lyasePseudoalteromonas sp.

Cytoplasmic exo-lyaseVibrio splendidus

Periplasmid exo-lyaseVibrio splendidus

Oligo-alginate transporterVibrio splendidus

Suger metabolismEscherichia coli

Ethanol generationZymomonas mobilis

Consolidated bioprocessing: Enzyme production Feedstock degradation Feedstock metabolism Product formation

Ethanol yield:4.7 % (v/v),… 3.9% after 48 h80% of theoretical maximum

An engineered microbial platform for direct biofuel production from brown macroalgae.Wargacki et al, 2012. Science 335, 308-313 – Bioarchitecture Lab/Statoil

www.innovasjonnorge.no

Silk beads Silk coatings Silk fibers

CHALLENGES: Several polypeptides Codon usage Complex folding

Spider silk from bacteria

Strong as steel Tougher than Kevlar Hypoallerginic Antimicrobial

www.amsilk.com

What is behind the horizon ?

2013: First burger, $ 300.000 2015: "Steak chips", $100 per piece

Modern Meadow (US) raises $ 10 mill to develop beef and hides in culture.

Prof. Mark Post (Univ. Wageningen) received the World Technology Award for Environment in 2013 .

Vol 32 (2014), 294-296

...sets great things in motion

Biotechnology…