Blood & circulation

Define these terms

-Cardiovascular system

-Heart

-Atrium

-Pacemaker

-Ventricle

-Valve

-Artery

-Capillary

-Vein

-Aorta-Coronary artery-Pulse-Diffusion-Blood pressure

CirculationYour body

resembles a large roadmap, There are routes or “arteries” that take you downtown to the “heart” of the city.

3 Major Parts of the Circulatory system

• Blood Vessels - routes blood travels

• Heart – pumps or pushes blood through body

• Blood – carries important “ *stuff ” through body

* Stuff – includes oxygen, food, & waste

# 1 Blood Vessels : One Way Streets

• Blood Vessels resemble very long and skinny tunnels that are all through your body.

3 Types of Blood Vessels

Arteries Capillaries Veins

Arteries

The walls of arteries are generally very thick. In fact, artery walls

consist of three cell layers.

Capillaries

In the capillaries, materials are exchanged between the blood and the body’s cells. Capillary walls are

only one cell thick. One way that materials are

exchanged between the blood and body cells is by diffusion.

VeinsAfter blood moves through

capillaries, it enters larger blood vessels called veins, which carry

blood back to the heart. The walls of veins, like those of arteries, have three layers, with a muscle middle

layer.

The Heart

–4 chambers ( or compartments )• 2 upper chambers : Left Atrium

Right Atrium

• 2 lower chambers : Left Ventricle

Right Ventricle

Blood Flow

Lub

If you listen to your heartbeat, it makes a lub dub

sound.

The lub is when blood is pushed out of the

heart into the body and the dub is the reloading of the heart with more blood ready to push it

out to the body

Dub

• Heart Rate can be determined using a Stethoscope

Average Heart Rate of some Mammals

28

200

50 30 970 40

376

0100200300400

Mammals

Hear

tbea

ts p

er

min

ute

Heart Facts• Hold out your hand and make a fist. If you're a kid, your

heart is about the same size as your fist, and if you're an adult, it's about the same size as two fists.

• Your heart beats about 100,000 times in one day and about 35 million times in a year. During an average lifetime, the human heart will beat more than 2.5 billion times.

• Give a tennis ball a good, hard squeeze. You're using about the same amount of force your heart uses to pump blood out to the body. Even at rest, the muscles of the heart work hard--twice as hard as the leg muscles of a person sprinting.

Heart Beat LabPurpose: How does physical activity affect your pulse rate?

Hypothesis:

Materials: stethoscope, stop watch

What to do:

First find your pulse in your wrist. Write down what you feel.

Now, with your partner use the stethoscope and listen to his/her heartbeat. Count the number of beats in one minute. Record this number. Next, walk in place for one minute and then listen to your partner’s heart beats and count them for one minute. Finally, do this again after running in place for one minute. After you have rested for another minute, record the number of beats in a minute. The last rest time is three more minutes. Record the number of beats again that occur in one minute. Now, record all this information in a data table.

Observation: Activity Pulse Rate

At rest (before you start)

Walking -1 minute

Running – 1 minute

Resting for one minute (after running)

Resting for an additional three minutes

Conclusion Questions1. Create a graph of data table.

2. What happened to your pulse rate when your physical activity stopped?

3. What can you infer about the heartbeat when your pulse rate increased?

4. What conclusion can you draw about the relationship between physical activity and your pulse rate?

5. Explain how you could improve the accuracy of your pulse/heartrate measurement.

Your blood is made of

• Plasma

• Red Blood Cells

• White Blood Cells

• Platelets

YOUR BLOOD

• Plasma– Liquid part of blood– Water makes up

90%

• Red Blood Cells– They carry oxygen

to all parts of the body

– hemoglobin

• White Blood Cells–Fight and kill

germs that may enter your bloodstream

• Platelets–Pieces of cells

that form “scabs” when you cut yourself

–Helps stop the bleeding

–fibrin

Blood TypesThere are 4 main Blood Types:

Type A, Type B, Type AB, and Type O

Blood types are determined by proteins known as marker molecules that are on the red blood cells.

Rh Factor• All blood types are

either positive or negative.

• If your blood type is Rh positive, you have the Rh marker, and if your blood type is Rh negative, you lack the marker on your cells.