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BODY COMPOSITION
Amount of weight that is fat compared to lean body tissues
MEASURED WITH ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE
Male – 10-25%
Females 18-32%
Any aerobic activity can work BC
F – 3-6 days/week
I – 40-60% HRMax
T – 20-60 minutes
CHAPTER 19 - LEGAL DRUGS/OTC
CHAPTER 20 - TOBACCO
CHAPTER 21 - ALCOHOL
CHAPTER 22 – ILLEGAL DRUGS
DRUG
PREVENTION
DRUGS
Substances taken into body that change
one or more body functions
Acts by altering body processes
All affect user PHYSICALLY
Use involves risk (impacts
neurotransmitters – chemical messengers)
Drugs do not CURE disease, but help
the BODY
SIDE EFFECTS
Effects of drug other than the desired medicinal effects
ALL drugs work by changing body’s own processes. ALL
drugs have side effects
Tired Dizzy Water-Retention
MEDICINES Medicines benefit people by:
Helping PREVENT disease
example: vaccines
Helping CURE disease
example: penicillin kills bacteria that cause pneumonia
Making the disease less severe
example: steroids to help body’s defenses against arthritis
Relieving symptoms
example: aspirin relieves aches and pains
Bringing about desired effects
Example: drugs that promote hair growth
COMMON MEDICINES
Vaccines
A preparation that prevents person from contracting
disease
Analgesics
Aspirin
Relieves pain, fever, inflammation
Changes body response by changing body chemistry
Side effects – DOUBLES bleeding time of wounds (4-7 days)
Other pain relievers: acetaminophen & ibuprofen,
naproxen
Antihistamines
Drugs that counteract inflammation caused by histamine
(chemical involved in allergic reactions)
Causes drowsiness
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FACTORS THAT CHANGE THE WAY MEDICINES WORK
History of drug use
2+ taken at the same time
With herbal remedies
****************************************************
Tolerance – repeated use, need more to produce same
feeling
Drug Synergy – combined action of 2 drugs that is
greater than sum of individual action (accidental
deaths)
Antagonist drugs – drugs that opposed the action of
another (prevent action of other)
FACTORS THAT AFFECT HOW A DRUG
WORKS OR WHAT IT DOES TO YOU
Nature of the drug – narcotic, stimulant, depressant
Form you take it in- liquid absorbs faster than capsules
Route it takes- is it injected directly to blood stream, taken by mouth into the digestive system to be absorbed, rubbed on the skin (transdermal).
When you take drugs- food in stomach
You- age, weight, expectations
Use of other drugs such as alcohol and nicotine ** strongest factor **
IDENTIFYING DRUG PRODUCTS
Active ingredients: ingredients in medicine that
produce physical effects on the body
Inactive ingredients: ingredients that give a medicine
qualities other than medical effects~ flavors
Generic names: chemical names for drugs-
- contains same active ingredients but may have
different inactive ingredients as brand name drugs.
Brand names: names companies give drugs
DRUGS APPROVED BY THE FDA:
PROVEN SAFE AND EFFECTIVE1. Over-the-counter (OTC)
Reasonably priced drugs for minor or chronic problems-
billions of dollars spent each year
Legally available without a prescription (**Some regulated
by feds)
Over use, misuse (using in ways other than
intended), & abuse (use for non-medicinal reasons)
are problems.
Reading labels is VERY important!
DRUGS APPROVED BY THE FDA
2. Prescription Drugs
Need to understand the diagnosis, know what
medicine is being prescribed, and follow the
instructions. Follow recommended guidelines
for use, storage, disposal, and replacement of
medicine.
CAN THESE
LEAD TO
ADDICTION?!?!?
LABEL READING
Label must have complete list of ingredients
Check expiration date
P 532, Fig 19.7
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HEAD, SHOULDERS,
Knees, and Toes.
Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes.
Eyes, and Ears, and Mouth, and Nose.
Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes!
Speed up!!
BENEFITS OF MUSCULAR
FITNESS
Can do more strenuous work
Work longer
Less likely to fatigue
Less injury prone
Improved appearance and posture
Improved athletic performance
CH 22 - DRUG ABUSE
Drug Use – taking of drugs for its medically
intended purpose
Drug Misuse – taking a drug for its medically
intended purpose, but not in appropriate amount,
frequency, strength, or manner
Recreational Drug Use –drug use by people
who claim their drug taking produces no harmful
social or health effects
Drug Abuse – deliberate taking of a drug for
anything other than a medical purpose
SIGNS OF ABUSE
Signs of Abuse for alcohol or any drug…
Physical Paleness, perspiration, dilated pupils
Runny nose or nosebleed
Jitters and hyperactive
Can go without food or sleep for a long time
Mental
Memory loss
Anger, anxiety, or unreasonable suspiciousness
Sudden carelessness about personal appearance
Broken appointments/promises, lying
School Related – Tardiness, unexcused absences, declining grades
Trouble with the law, family or school authorities
WHY DO PEOPLE/TEENS ABUSE DRUGS?
Peer pressure
Family members
Role models
Media messages
Perceptions of drug
behavior
Misleading
information
Personality (more
curious)
Lack of values
Boredom/lack of
excitement
Escape from problems
Euphoria – sense of
great well-being &
pleasure brought on
by some drugs
Teens?
FIT IN & DEAL WITH
PROBLEMS!
PREVENTING DRUG ABUSE &
CONSEQUENCES
Family
Open communication
Strong Opposition
+ family relationships
CONSEQUENCES
Juvenile = <18
Drug trafficker – person involved in transport and
sale of illegal drugs
PUNISHMENT REGARDLESS OF AGE!
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ADDICTION
Drug Addiction (dependence) – physical or
psychological need for more and more doses of a drug
Physical addiction – change in body chemistry, when
without it, hormonal functioning fails
Psychological addiction – mental dependence
Endorphins – chemicals in brain that produce
feelings of pleasure (exercise, eating)
Dysphoria – lack of endorphins, producing unwanted
feelings
Withdrawal – physical symptoms when drug clears
from body tissues
STEPS TO PHYSICAL ADDICTION
**Curiosity experimentation
euphoria dysphoria tolerance (addiction)
elevated drug doses euphoria greater
dysphoria withdrawal elevated drug doses
relief from withdrawal withdrawal elevated
doses physical addictionCAN BE
HEREDITARY! –
genetic
predisposition
KICKING THE HABIT
1. Admit PROBLEM
2. Seek HELP
NA – free self-help program for addiction recovery
Methadone- drug therapy to treat heroin addicts
**Develop a SUPPORT SYSTEM**
**HOW CAN I HELP SOMEONE? IMMUNITY LAWS
Express concern
Ask questions
Don’t BLAME
May have to confront (intervention)
Express your disapproval
Have information about drugs and their effects
Making sure the person knows – on choosing to
seek help… where to go
TYPES/CATEGORIES Marijuana - gateway drug
Amotivational Syndrome - When a person loses motivation for basic tasks & daily activities (affects hippocampus - memory)
Club Drugs (designer) – made to imitate other drugs
Rhohypnol, Ecstasy
Hallucinogens (LSD) – alters moods, thoughts
Stimulants – excite CNS
Depressants – slow down CNS
Inhalants – gases/fumes, depress CNS
Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome - no matter how many times you have used Inhalants (1st or 100th time) you can die from it immediately
Narcotics – most addictive (physical/psychological)
Heroin in the Heartland (closed caption)
Stigma…
Large Muscle groups involved
Rhythmic
Continuous
Aerobic
Examples – swimming, biking, walking, dance
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CHAPTER 20 - TOBACCO
All people who continue to use tobacco do so
because they are addicted to the drug NICOTINE
Single greatest cause of PREVENTABLE DEATH
Tobacco advertising is directed towards HEALTHY
younger ages - usually start before age 18
NICOTINE IS A….
GATEWAY DRUG!!!
Users are more likely than non to abuse other drugs,
such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin
Over 4000 children light up for first time every day
Some 7-8 years old!
26% of teens have reported current tobacco use –
cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless.
90% adult smokers started as a teen
Every year in the US, smoking KILLS more than:
AIDS, Car accidents, Alcohol, Homicides, Illegal drugs, suicides,
and fire COMBINED
****Reaches brain in 8 seconds!!!
WHAT’S IN A CIGARETTE??
Over 4,000 hazardous compounds in a
cigarette
9mg nicotine per cigarette
TAR in it is the most dangerous (in a jar)
Carcinogens – cancer-causing agents (60+)
NICOTINE EFFECTS ON THE BODY
(BOTH A STIMULANT & DEPRESSANT TO
BODY)
Affects all the body’s organs (nervous, cardio,
digestive)
It produces stress hormones (Fight or flight)
Suppresses appetite
Changes brainwave patterns/calms nerves – link
to depression
1 drop of pure
nicotine on
tongue will
kill you! –
think vapes!
SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF SMOKING
Brain chemistry changes
Reduces circulation, Reduces oxygen in blood
Increases clots
Causes wrinkles
Taste buds dull/appetite reduced
Slows growth of lungs in adolescents
Sinus infections
Impairs the immune system- get sick more
Prevents normal sleep
Infertility/premature births/abnormal sperm
movement
LONG TERM EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH
CIGARETTES
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Lung Cancer (#1 Link)
Heart disease/Stroke
COPD
Weakened immune system
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TYPES OF SMOKE
Mainstream smoke (MS): smoke that flows
through cigarette into lungs when smoke inhaled
Sidestream smoke (SS): smoke that escapes into
air from burning tip of cigarette or pipe tobacco
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS): combo of
MS and SS that enters air
DIFFERENT FORMS OF SMOKING, BESIDES
SMOKING A CIGARETTE YOURSELF
***Smoking tobacco in ANY form is unsafe for health!!!!
Passive smoking (second-hand smoke)
40% as much damage as smokers
Raises the risk of cancer, heart disease and
other hazards
This is the cause of the third leading
preventable deaths in the U.S.
Third–Hand Smoke: Smoke particles that attach to your clothing,
hair, and fabric that can cause adverse effects
on others.
example – lead exposure, leading to diminished IQ
DIFFERENT FORMS OF SMOKING…
Smokeless Tobacco (Chewing Tobacco):
Contains nicotine (so it is addictive)
Can cause mouth sores
Causes grayish colored cancerous tumors
(Leukoplakia) of the: Mouth
Nasal cavity
Cheek
Gums
Throat
Creates bad breath and
brown teeth
Cadmium: used in car batteries; Formaldehyde: embalming fluid; Lead: a poison
Nicotine: an addictive drug; N-Nitrosamines: cancer-causing chemical; Polonium 210: nuclear waste;
Acetaldehyde: irritant; Hydrazine: toxic chemical; Benzopyrene: cancer-causing chemical; Uranium
235: used in nuclear weapons; Sodium: salt, can cause high blood pressure; Sugar: can cause cavities;
Fiberglass and Sand: abrasives
QUITTING TOBACCO
Quitting (both smoking and smokeless)
Taper vs Cold Turkey
It is not easy- BUT worth it!
Often replace the behavior with eating-
that is what creates the weight gain
Nicotine Gum/Patch Hypnosis Acupuncture
SMOKING….. GAINING POPULARITY
Hookah pens Started about 500 years ago
An instrument used for smoking a special type of flavored tobacco, known as ‘shisha pen’.
Variety of flavors, like strawberry, apple, mint
Tobacco is heated by charcoal or wood fuel, resulting smoke sent via a water chamber into a mouthpiece, through which the smoke is inhaled by the smoker.
Smoking tobacco from a hookah could be possibly more detrimental than smoking cigarettes.
Lead to tobacco addition.
Health impacts In a hookah pipe, charcoal is used to heat the tobacco and this charcoal increases the
health risks by generating high levels of CO (carbon monoxide), tar, metals, and various cancer-causing chemicals.
Hookah holds approximately 5X more cancer-causing agents compared to cigarettes.
Exposed to several toxic substances that can cause clogged arteries and heart diseases.
Sharing increases the risk of contracting meningitis or tuberculosis
Infertility
Breathing difficulties and wrinkling of skin.
Low-birth weight infants & increased risk for respiratory diseases
Hookah smoke delivers nearly the same amount of nicotine as a cigarette does, leading to nicotine addiction in the user.
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E-CIGARETTES
First developed in China and were introduced to the U.S. market in 2007.
Smoke-free and tobacco-free
NOT Nicotine-free.
The liquid in e-cigarettes is typically a combination of nicotine, flavorings (such as bubble gum or watermelon), propylene glycol (a solvent), and other additives. The amount of nicotine depends on the mixture of the particular liquid-nicotine cartridge installed in the device.
Some products contain nicotine amounts comparable to regular tobacco cigarettes.
Certain e-cigarette devices may also release metals during use -- including tin in some cases -- as well as other impurities known to be toxic and/or carcinogenic.
Aerobic v Anaerobic Aerobic – body replacing oxygen as fast as it is used
Running, biking
Anaerobic – body CANNOT replace oxygen as fast as it is used
Sprinting, weight training
CHAPTER 21 - ALCOHOL
Alcohol, or ethanol, is the most widely used and
abused drug in America.
Drug & toxin (changes way body functions)
Reason why the legal drinking age is 21
TRUTH ABOUT ALCOHOL
Packet
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND EFFECTS
Fetal alcohol syndrome: birth defects,
(permanent mental & physical retardation &
facial abnormalities) seen in children born to
mothers who abuse alcohol during pregnancy.
TYPES OF DRINKERS
Social drinker: drinks only on social occasions.
May be a moderate drinker or a problem drinker,
depends on how affected
Problem drinker: suffers social, emotional,
family, job-related, or other problems because of
alcohol. progressing to being an alcoholic
Binge drinker: drinks four or more drinks in a
short period
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TYPES OF DRINKERS
Alcoholic: full-blown disease. This person’s
problems, caused by alcohol abuse, are out of
control.
May suffer from blackouts, cirrhosis, and severe
withdrawal
Denial…
ALCOHOL
Produces euphoria, changes in mood, relieves pain, and releases tension.
For legal drinkers…..Drinking in Moderation is Key
Moderation: an amount of alcohol that causes no harm to health: not more than 1-2 drinks/day for healthy adults.
Females less tolerant (smaller body, less blood volume, higher body fat) – male stomach destroys more alcohol
Proof = measure of % of alcohol in beverage –
twice % of alcohol
100 proof = 50% alcohol
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ALCOHOL’S
EFFECTS
Body size Smaller person feels effects faster than larger person
BAC (BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT – amount in blood, expressed as percentage; based on quantity & type)
Gender Moves through female’s bloodstream faster than males
Food Slows down passage into bloodstream
Rate of intake Drink faster than liver can break it down
Amount Alcohol in bloodstream rises as alcohol increases
Medicine Interferes with effects of medicines and can heighten
effects
BODY’S RESPONSE TO TOO MUCH
ALCOHOL
Blackouts: episodes of amnesia (loss of
memory)while drinking; may act normal, but
later be unable to recall anything.
Your Body tries to protect itself from toxic
doses by:
choking reflex doesn’t allow too much at once
vomiting expelling too large a dose
Breaking down alcohol liver filters blood before
releasing it to body. Processes 1oz of alc/hr.
Damaged if too much toxic substances travels
through it.
BODY’S RESPONSE…
Hangover: headache, unpleasant sensation in the mouth,
and nausea suffered morning after drinking too much -
mild form of withdrawal.
Time is the only cure for hangovers
MORE SEVERE:
Alcohol Poisoning: Consuming too much alcohol at once
Delirium – state of mental confusion usually with
hallucinations & continual movement
Tremors – continuous quivering or shaking
BOTH can lead to DEATH!
EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON THE BODY
Alcohol is a DEPRESSANT. Can mix with fat & water substance, so can go
anywhere in body
Liver Changes alcohol to waste, handles 1/hour, more = excess in blood
stream, CIRRHOSIS
Lungs Excretes little ethynol from blood stream as a gas exhaled in breath
Breathalyzer – test of person’s breath, reflects BAC (blood alcohol level)
Blood vessels Warms skin, relaxes CNS, widens BV of skin
Nerves & Brain Depresses NS that sets limits on behavior,
talk/laugh louder; gesture more prominent
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ALCOHOL AND DRIVING
“.08” vs “.00”What do these # mean in
relation to alcohol and
driving in the state of ILLINOIS?
STATISTICS
One of the nation’s most serious health
problems.
About 2/3 of all U.S. adults drink. Of these about
1 in 10 are addicted to alcohol. (ON THE RISE!)
Affects everyone in the family
Alcoholism sets in much quicker in young
people than adults.
More teenagers die or are permanently
injured from alcohol-related traffic
accidents.
ALCOHOL AND DRIVING
Alcohol increases chances of auto accidents
On average, 46 people die daily in alcohol related
traffic crashes, accounting for nearly 40% of traffic
deaths.
**Driving Under the Influence (DUI): Operating
a motor vehicle after consuming alcohol or any
abusable substance.
Average cost of DUI or DWI is $12,000 to $15,000 per
violation.
LOOKING AT ALCOHOL ADS
Brand Loyalty
Bandwagon
False Image
Free Stuff
Great Outdoors
Humor
Modeling
Nothing but the Positive
Science Status
Testimonial
We Really Care
Ads for Alcoholic
Beverages
The Persuaders
FUMBLE FINGERS – STAND UP
How difficult was it to unwrap kisses with gloves?
How did gloves make task harder?
Difficulty same for all?
How does this relate to use of alcohol & other drugs?
What activities of your daily life would be harder to
accomplish if you were impaired?
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HEADS UP!! DRUGS IN THE NEWS….
“Molly” (named shortened from molecule)
Molly is thought to be the "pure" powder or crystal form of MDMA
MDMA acts as a stimulant and a psychedelic, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration
Exact numbers detailing molly's use are unclear, but users tend to be younger
Produces elevated heart rate, distortion of thought processes
Dehydration and exhaustion, hyperthermia, seizures, electrolyte abnormalities, cardiac episodes and comas.
• Csomor, M. “There's something (potentially dangerous) about molly.” CNN, Thu August 16, 2012.
Krokodil
Extremely addictive injectable opioid
Users report losing limbs and flesh after abusing
the so-called "flesh-eating" drug
Combine with easily available chemicals: iodine; kitchen & bathroom cleaner; hydrochloric acid; red phosphorous from matches, gasoline or paint thinner
Suspected in Arizona, Oklahoma and Illinois• Christensen, J. “Flesh-eating 'zombie' drug 'kills you from the inside out‘”. CNN: Fri
October 18, 2013
Unlike Ecstasy, seen here, which is in the form of a pill,
molly is the pure powder or crystal form of MDMA.
DRUGS IN THE NEWS
Xanax
Benzodiazepine (Alprazolam) affects chemicals in the
brain that may become unbalanced and cause
anxiety.
Treats anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and
anxiety caused by depression ~ Prescription
Depressant (sedative effects)
Side effects - fatigue, tiredness, drowsiness, impaired
coordination, and memory impairment
Symptoms of overdose may include:
severe drowsiness, slowed/reduced reflexes,
slowed breathing, loss of consciousnessWebmd.com & drugs.com
WEBQUESTS WORK TIME
Partner ASSIGNED to you
One gets laptop & uses resources on webquest,
other gets pamphlets
BOTH find info and share it
DUE NOV 30 (you will have that day to complete
it in class and turn it in)
EACH PERSON DOES HIS/HER OWN!
HEADS UP!! ROUND 2
PROJECT WORK – POSTER OR MOBILE! Research common drug categories using your text book (Ch 22 p598-610) & Other Health Book
Develop a creative poster/mobile to display the information using text and drawings.
We, as a class, will then walk around the room and take notes from each other’s posters/mobiles.
It is essential for your informational poster/mobiles to be thorough, complete, and creative.
The commonly abused drugs categories include: Cannabis “Marijuana”
Stimulants
Narcotics
Depressants (Barbituates, Methaqualone, Benzodiazepines)
Hallucinogens (PCP, LSD/Mescaline/Peyote, Psilocybin)
Inhalants
Club Drugs (GHB, Rohypnol, Ketamine, MDMA/ecstasy)
Below is the information that must be covered on your poster. Feel free to add additional information, facts, or data. Total – 25 + 10 creativity/drawings
Drug category (1)
Various specific drugs in the drug category and their street name (6 pts)
Medical uses; if no medical use is indicated make a note that there is no medical use. (2)
Physical and/or psychological dependence (1)
Method of administration (3)
Possible side effects (4)
Effects of overdose (3)
Withdrawal symptoms (syndrome) (4)