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2- Protects the vital organs, the skull protects the brain, and thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs.
5-Transmits and supports the body weight. The vertebral column transmits the weight of the head and trunk to the bony pelvis then through the bones of lower limbs to the feet and lastly to the ground.
Bony skeleton is divided into Axial skeleton:
Skull and mandible.RibsHyoid boneVertebral column.Sternum & ribs
Appendicular skeleton:
Bones of the upper limb.
Bones of the lower limb
Axial skeleton:
Skull and mandible.
Vertebral column.Sternum & ribs
Appendicular skeleton:
Bones of the upper limb.
Bones of the lower limb
2- Intra-cartilaginous ossification:
It occurs in long bones, vertebrae, ribs and base of skull. The connective tissue membrane (mesenchyme) is changed at first into a cartilage model.
1- Long bone
• Present in upper and lower limbs (appendicular skeleton).
• Each bone consists of two ends called epiphysis and a shaft in between called diaphysis.
1- Long bone
• Present in upper and lower limbs (appendicular skeleton).
• Each bone consists of two ends called epiphysis and a shaft in between called diaphysis.
Carpal bones (in hand)
1- Long bones
2- Short bones 3- Flat bones4- Irregular bones 5- Pneumatic bones6- Sesamoid bones
Tarsal bones (in foot).
1- Long bones
2- Short bones 3- Flat bones4- Irregular bones 5- Pneumatic bones6- Sesamoid bones
1- Long bones2- Short bones
3- Flat bones4- Irregular bones 5- Pneumatic
bones6- Sesamoid
bones
Scapula
1- Long bones2- Short bones
3- Flat bones4- Irregular bones 5- Pneumatic
bones6- Sesamoid
bones
Sternum
1- Long bones2- Short bones
3- Flat bones4- Irregular bones 5- Pneumatic
bones6- Sesamoid
bones
Skull
1- Long bones2- Short bones 3- Flat bones
4- Irregular bones
5- Pneumatic bones
6- Sesamoid bones
Vertebrae
Bones of upper
• Bones of the shoulder girdle: Clavicle: anteriorly. Scapula: posteriorly.• (ii) Bones of the arm: humerus.• (iii) Bones of the forearm: Radius: laterally. Ulna: medially.
Bones of upper
• (iv) Skeleton of the hand: Carpal bones: in the wrist. Metacarpal bones: in the palm. Phalanges: in the fingers.
Bones of lower limb
• (i) Bones of the Pelvic girdle: Hip bone.• (ii) Bones of the thigh: femur.• (iii) Bones of the leg: Fibula: laterally. Tibia: medially.
Bones of lower limb
• Skeleton of the foot: Tarsal bones: in the foot. Metatarsal bones: in the plantar. Phalanges: in the toes.
Bony skeleton is divided into
Axial skeleton: Skull and mandible.Vertebral column.Sternum & ribs
Appendicular skeleton: Bones of the upper limb.Bones of the lower limb