Book of Deuteronomy
Book of Deuteronomy
Literary Structure of Book:
Resembles a Second-millennium B.C treaty between a suzerain and vassal.
Suzerain: A nation that controls a dependent nation’s international affairs but otherwise allows it to control its internal affairs
Vassal: Somebody who was obliged to show loyalty and homage to a lord in return for being allowed to occupy land belonging to the lord and receiving his protection
Book of Deuteronomy
Literary Form of ANE Treaty:Literary Form of ANE Treaty:
Pre-Amble Deut 1:1-5
Historical Prologue Deut 1:6-4:49
Stipulations
General Deut 5-11
Specific Deut 12-26
Blessings/Curses Deut 27-28
Book of Deuteronomy
Literary Structure of Book:
Sermons/Speeches of Moses
Sermon 1: Deut 1:1-4:40Remembering Great God-Events
Sermon 2: Deut 5:1-28:68Blessings/Curses
Sermon 3: Deut 29-33Covenant Renewal
Succession of Joshua
DDEEUUTTEERROONNOOMMYY
The Pivotal Role of Deuteronomy in the OT Canon
DDEEUUTTEERROONNOOMMYY
GENESISGENESISEXODUSEXODUSLEVITICUSLEVITICUSNUMBERSNUMBERS
The Pivotal Role of Deuteronomy in the OT Canon
DDEEUUTTEERROONNOOMMYY
GENESISGENESISEXODUSEXODUSLEVITICUSLEVITICUSNUMBERSNUMBERS
The Pivotal Role of Deuteronomy in the OT Canon
DDEEUUTTEERROONNOOMMYY
JOSHUAJOSHUAJUDGESJUDGESSAMUELSAMUELKINGSKINGS
GENESISGENESISEXODUSEXODUSLEVITICUSLEVITICUSNUMBERSNUMBERS
The Pivotal Role of Deuteronomy in the OT Canon
DDEEUUTTEERROONNOOMMYY
JOSHUAJOSHUAJUDGESJUDGESSAMUELSAMUELKINGSKINGS
GENESISGENESISEXODUSEXODUSLEVITICUSLEVITICUSNUMBERSNUMBERS
The Pivotal Role of Deuteronomy in the OT Canon
Book of Joshua
Joshua: More than Jericho
Chap 1 - Reassure Joshua
1:1-5 God’s “I will”
1:6-9 Joshua’s “I will”
Chap 2 - Rahab and Spies
2:4 Is this about Lying or the Lord
See Matt 1, Heb 11, James 2:24-25
Joshua: More than Jericho
Chap 3 - Crossing the Jordan
3:15a Who Leads the People?
3:15b Time of the Crossing
3:15a Show Me the Faith
Joshua: More than Jericho
Chap 5 & 6 - Taking of Jericho
5:13-15 General Who?Does he play favorites?
6:17-21 Destroy it all!
Problems in the Promised LandProblems in the Promised Land
Joshua 6
God’s Command: God’s Command:
Utterly Destroy Utterly Destroy heremherem ~r;x'
Problems in the Promised LandProblems in the Promised Land
Joshua 6Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):Do not let them live in your land, or they will cause you to sin against me, because the worship of their gods will certainly be a snare to you. Ex 23:33Ex 23:33
And when you choose some of their daughters as wives for your sons and those daughters prostitute themselves to their gods, they will lead your sons to do the same.
Ex Ex 34:1634:16
Problems in the Promised LandProblems in the Promised Land
Joshua 6Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):
Deuteronomy 20:16-18
16 However, in the cities of the nations the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, do not leave alive anything that breathes. 17 Completely destroy them-- the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites-- as the LORD your God has commanded you. 18 Otherwise, they will teach you to follow all the detestable things they do in worshiping their gods, and you will sin against the LORD your God.
Problems in the Promised LandProblems in the Promised Land
Joshua 6Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):Keep in Mind God’s Earlier Warning(s):
Lev 27:28-29
28 "'But nothing that a man owns and devotes to the LORD-- whether man or animal or family land-- may be sold or redeemed; everything so devoted is most holy to the LORD. 29 "'No person devoted to destruction may be ransomed; he must be put to death.
What herem is!What herem is!
God reminding us He is sovereign God reminding us He is sovereign over all the earth, possessions, and over all the earth, possessions, and inhabitantsinhabitants
• All is His; All is His; we are caretakers we are caretakers of of His gardenHis garden
What herem is!What herem is!God is judging sin as the destroyer God is judging sin as the destroyer of His creation, land, and people.of His creation, land, and people.
• Genesis 15:16Genesis 15:16
• ArchaeologyArchaeology
• Rahab (Joshua 2:8-13)Rahab (Joshua 2:8-13)
More on herem!More on herem!Joshua 7Joshua 7
God’s own commentary of God’s own commentary of Israel’s sin (Joshua 7:11):Israel’s sin (Joshua 7:11):
TheyThey have taken devoted thing have taken devoted thing ALSOALSO
TheyThey have stolen have stolen ALSOALSO
TheyThey have lied have lied ALSOALSO
TheyThey have possessed have possessed ALSO ALSO
More on herem!More on herem!Joshua 7Joshua 7
Behavior of AchanBehavior of Achan
•7:16-20 Not confession but caught7:16-20 Not confession but caught
•7:21 7:21 I saw, I coveted, I tookI saw, I coveted, I tookEchoes of Gen 3 & Ex 20Echoes of Gen 3 & Ex 20
More on herem!More on herem!Joshua 7Joshua 7
Punishment of AchanPunishment of Achan •7:23 Spread before the Lord7:23 Spread before the Lord Mocking Mocking God’s Role in Victory God’s Role in Victory
(to the victor go the spoils)(to the victor go the spoils)
•7:25 Threatening the well-being 7:25 Threatening the well-being of community life, of community life, at at time of war.time of war.
More on herem!More on herem!Joshua 7Joshua 7
Punishment of AchanPunishment of Achan
•Plunder was un-necessary, for Plunder was un-necessary, for he appears wealthyhe appears wealthy (7:24)(7:24)
•Punishment described was Punishment described was heremherem, same as Canaanites, same as Canaanites
More on herem!More on herem!Joshua 7Joshua 7
•Sin has a corporate or a Sin has a corporate or a community nature about it! community nature about it!
•Wrongdoing by individual Wrongdoing by individual has effects upon all (1 Cor 5:6)has effects upon all (1 Cor 5:6)
What herem is!What herem is!
God is demonstrating His God is demonstrating His Righteousness.Righteousness.
•God did God did notnot favor Israel favor Israel
•God God diddid judge Israel judge Israel
Outline of JoshuaOutline of Joshua
I. Israel Conquers LandI. Israel Conquers Land
• Preparation (1-5)Preparation (1-5)
• Conquer Central (6-9)Conquer Central (6-9)
• Conquer South (10)Conquer South (10)
• Conquer North (11-12)Conquer North (11-12)
Outline of JoshuaOutline of Joshua
II. Israel Divides the LandII. Israel Divides the Land
•Hint of Problems Hint of Problems 13:1; 13:1313:1; 13:13
•Distribution of Land (13-19)Distribution of Land (13-19)
Outline of JoshuaOutline of Joshua
III. Israel Renews CovenantIII. Israel Renews Covenant
•Warning, Land is yours, by Faith 23:1-16Warning, Land is yours, by Faith 23:1-16See esp. 23:6-11See esp. 23:6-11
•Review of God’s GraceReview of God’s Grace 24:1-13 24:1-13 ( (Note pronounsNote pronouns))
•Covenant RenewalCovenant Renewal 24:14-19 24:14-19
Book of Judges
Book of JudgesBook of JudgesSummary at the StartSummary at the Start
In JoshuaIn Joshua: : The children of Israel The children of Israel entered the promised land and God’s entered the promised land and God’s anger turned against pagansanger turned against pagans
In JudgesIn Judges:: The children of Israel are The children of Israel are hanging on to the land and God’s hanging on to the land and God’s anger turned against Israel’s sin.anger turned against Israel’s sin.
Book of JudgesBook of JudgesEnding and BeginningEnding and Beginning
Judges Explicitly Ends: In those days there was no king in Israel, everyone did as he saw fit (21:25)
Judges Implicitly Begins: “After the death of Joshua…” (1:1)
Book of JudgesBook of Judges
I.Israel’s
unfaithful-ness and
inablility to drive out
inhabitants from the
land
II.Yahweh’s faithfulness manifested amidst
Israel’s faithlessness through repeated divine deliverances
A. Prep. sum-mary and 3-fold pur-pose
B. Recurring cycles:sin(esp. idolatry)
oppression from
neighbors
petitionjudge
deliverance and rest
III.Specific instances of
chaos and unfaithfulness
2:6 16:31 17:1 21:25
1:1 2:52:6- 3:6 3:7 16:31
A. Incident
surround-ing Micah
and Danites
B. Incident
surround-ing
Benjamin-ites
12 Judges-6 major-6 minor OthnielOthniel EhudEhud DeborahDeborah GideonGideon JephthahJephthah SamsonSamson
(3:7-11) (3:12-30) (4:1-5:30) (6:1-8:35) (10:6-12:6) (13:1-16:31)
[Shamgar-3:31]
KingKingAbimelechAbimelech
(ch.9)(ch.9)[Tola, Jair-10:1-5]
[Ibzan, Elon, Abdon-12:7-15]
“There was no king in Israel - Every man did what was right in his own eyes.” (17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25)
17:1 18:31 19:1 21:25
Judges 2:6-3:6 - Survey
I. Loss of Knowledge of YahwehA. Generation of Witness Obedience(6-7)B. Death of Joshua and his generation(8-10a)C. Generation of ignorance of Yahweh (10b)
II. Pattern of Israel’s Rejection of Yahweh, with Yahweh’s Response of Anger and CompassionA. Israel’s Apostasy (2:11-13)B. Yahweh’s Response (2:14-3:6)
1. Response-Anger (2:14-15) oppression as punishment2. Response- Compassion (2:16-19)
deliverance through Judges vs. Israel’s stubborn refusal to alter its evil, idolatrous ways
3. Response-Anger (2:20-3:6) Nations allowed to remain as punishment and test-a test which Israel fails (3:5-6) (Climax)
Note: Failure of Israel to respond properly no matter what course Yahweh pursues.
““So the anger of So the anger of Yahweh was Yahweh was kindled against kindled against Israel”(2:14)Israel”(2:14)
““So the anger of So the anger of Yahweh was Yahweh was kindled against kindled against Israel”(2:20)Israel”(2:20)
2:62:6
2:102:102:112:11
3:63:6
Book of JudgesBook of JudgesOutlineOutline
I. Introductory Remarks (1-2)I. Introductory Remarks (1-2)
II. Major Judges (3-16)II. Major Judges (3-16)
III. Appendex (17-21)III. Appendex (17-21)
Book of JudgesBook of JudgesTwo Kinds of Leaders in the Old Testament Two Kinds of Leaders in the Old Testament
Israel:Israel:
I.I. Hereditary LeadersHereditary Leadersa. Priestsa. Priests
b. Kingsb. Kings
II.II. Inspirational Leaders Inspirational Leaders a. Prophetsa. Prophets
b. Judgesb. Judges
Their calling comes from a dramatic Their calling comes from a dramatic encounter with God.encounter with God.
Sin Cycle of Judges
Sin (especially idolatry)
Destruction, oppression from neighbors Deliverance and restoration
Emergence of judge
Petition
1. 3:7-11 - Othniel
2. 3:12-30 - Ehud
3. 4:1-5:30 - Deborah
4. 6:1-8:35 - Gideon
5. 10:6-12:6 - Jephthah
6. 13:1-16:31 - Samson
sindestruction
crying (petition?)
deliverance-restoration
complacency sin destruction
Book of JudgesBook of Judges
An Example from Judge Ehud
SinSin 3:123:12
DestructionDestruction 3:13-143:13-14
Cry to LordCry to Lord 3:153:15
Lord Raises JudgeLord Raises Judge 3:15b3:15b
DeliveranceDeliverance 3:15ff3:15ff
Book of Ruth
The problem:Naomi is Afflicted
Tragicevents
Consequentseparationandmourning
The solution:God’s Plan to make Naomi Full
Ruth’s initialfavor fromBoaz
Ruth’s marriage to Boaz, and birth ofObed
Genealogyfrom Perez -through BoazandObed -toDavid1:1 1:22 2:1 4:17
1:1 1:5 1:6 1:22 2:1 2:23 3:1 4:17 4:18 4:22
Book of Ruth
Ruth in Brief
Author: Unknown
Date: The Days of the Judges
Books of Samuel/Kings
Book of 1 SamuelBook of 1 SamuelGod Grants a KingGod Grants a King
1. Period of Transition 1. Period of Transition (1-7)(1-7)
2. Call for A King 2. Call for A King (8-12)(8-12)
3. Loss of King Saul3. Loss of King Saul (13-15)(13-15)
4. Rise of David 4. Rise of David (16-31)(16-31)
THE RULE (JUDGESHIP) THE RULE (JUDGESHIP) OF SAMUELOF SAMUEL
(VS. ELI’S (VS. ELI’S HOUSE)HOUSE)
EliEli
SamuelSamuel
1:11:1 12:212:255
THE RULE (KINGSHIP) OF THE RULE (KINGSHIP) OF SAULSAUL
(VS. (VS. DAVID)DAVID)
SaulSaul
DavidDavid
13:113:1 31:1331:13
THE RISE OF THE RISE OF SAMUEL’S SAMUEL’S HOUSE AND HOUSE AND DECLINE OF DECLINE OF ELI’S HOUSEELI’S HOUSE
1:11:1 7:17:177
THE RISE OF THE RISE OF THE THE MONARCHY MONARCHY UNDER UNDER SAMUELSAMUEL
8:18:1 12:2512:25
GGEENNEERRAALL
HEHEAAD I D I NNGG
13:113:1
SAUL’S SAUL’S FATAL FATAL DISOBEDDISOBED-IENCE-IENCE
Appoint-Appoint-ment ment and and RejectionRejection
13:213:2 15:3515:35
SAUL’S SAUL’S ENCOUNTERS ENCOUNTERS WITH HIS WITH HIS SUCCESSORSUCCESSOR
16:116:1 31:331:311
1 Samuel1 Samuel
Book of 2 SamuelBook of 2 SamuelDavid’s ReignDavid’s Reign
1. David’s Rise 1. David’s Rise (1-10)(1-10)David at his bestDavid at his best
2. David’s Fall 2. David’s Fall (11-24)(11-24)David at his worstDavid at his worst
2 Samuel
I. The Reign of David as Characterized by Prosperity and
Growth(Blessing) Family
Rule
II. The Reign of David as Characterized by Problems and
Decline(Curse) Family
Rule
III. Various Events and
Persons Related to
David’s Reign
1:1 10:19 11:1 20:26 21:1 24:25A. Occasion for David’s reign: Death of Saul and Jonathan
B. Establishment of David’s Throne and
Family
1. David Established at Hebron(King of Judah)
2. David Established at Jerusalem(King of all Israel)
A. David’s sin and repent-ance
B. Negative Consequences of David’s Sin for his Family and Rule
PIVOTPIVOT1. Problems Surrounding David’s Family
2. Problems Surrounding David’s Rule-Rebellion
A. Gibeonites-ch.21B. Song- 22:1-23:7C. Mighty Men 23:8-39D. Plague ch. 24
1:1-27 2:1 4:12
2:1 10:19
10:195:1 11:1-12:31
13:1 20:26
13:1 14:33 15:1 20:2613:1-22-
Amnon’s incestuousrape of Tamar
13:23-14:33Absolom’s murder of
Amnon
Book of 1 KingsBook of 1 KingsUnited We Stand; Divided United We Stand; Divided
We FallWe Fall
1. United Kingdom1. United Kingdom (1-11)(1-11)
2. Divided Kingdom2. Divided Kingdom (12-22)(12-22)
Book of 2 KingsBook of 2 KingsEnd of a NationEnd of a Nation
1. Divided Kingdom1. Divided Kingdom (1-17)(1-17)
2. Judah Alone2. Judah Alone (18-25)(18-25)
Survey-Books of 1-2 KingsSurvey-Books of 1-2 KingsI. The United Kingdom
(Solomon)II. The Divided Kingdom
(Various Kings)I Kings I KingsI Kings 2 Kings1:1 11:43 12:1 25:30
A. The Establish-ment of Solomon’s Reign
B. The Glorious Achievements of Solomon
C. The Apo-stasy of Solomon
3:1 10:29I Kings
1. Wisdom and wealth (primar-ily person-al)
2. Temple and palace (primar-ily regal)
PIVOTPIVOT
I Kings1:1 2:46
I Kings I Kings I Kings
A. The Division of the Kingdom
I Kings
B. The Kings of Israel and JudahC. The Kings of Judah
I Kings 2 Kings 2 Kings13:1 17:41 18:1-25:30Rehoboam Abijam14:21-31 15:1-8
Jehoram Amaziah8:16-24 12:21;
14:1-22Ahaziah Uzziah8:25-10:36 14:23-15:7Athaliah Jotham11:1-20 15:8, 32-38Joash Ahaz11:21-12:21 16:1-20
Asa15:8-24
Jehoshaphat15:24-and 22:1-50
I Kings 2 Kings
8:15
Hezekiah18:1-20:21Manasseh21:1-18Amon21:19-26Josiah22:1-23:30Jehoahaz23:31-35Jehoiakim23:36-24:7Jehoiachin24:8-17Zedekiah24:18-25:30
Kings of JudahVarious Prophets - Elijah & Elisha - Various Prophets
17:1 13:31Kings of Israel
Jeroboam Nadab Elah12:25-14:20 15:25-32 16:7-14 Baasha Zimri 15:33-16:6 16:15-20
Omri Ahab
16:21-28 16:29- 22:40
I Kings 2 KingsAhaziah1:1-16Jehoram1:17-8:29Jehu9:1-10:36
Jehoahaz13:1-9Jehoash13:10-13Jeroboam II14:23-29
Zechariah15:8-12
Shallum15:13-16Menahem15:17-22Pekahiah15:23-26Pekah15:27-31
Hoshea17:1-6
Exile of Israelto Assyria (17:1-41)Summary
(17:7-41)
Exile of Judah to Babylon(23:36-25:30)
3:1-4:34
5:1-10:29 11:1-43 12:1-33
Reigns of 1-2 SamuelReigns of 1-2 Samuel
SamuelSamuel
Israel Asks for a King Israel Asks for a King
1. Demand (1 Sam 8:1-5)
2. Warnings (8:6-18)
3. Rejection (8:19-20)
Reigns of 1-2 SamuelReigns of 1-2 Samuel
Saul, 1st KingSaul, 1st King
The Look of a King (1 Sam 9)The Look of a King (1 Sam 9)
The Heart of a Loser (17)The Heart of a Loser (17)
Reigns of 1-2 SamuelReigns of 1-2 Samuel
Saul, Loss of a KingSaul, Loss of a King (13-15) (13-15)
Leadership LessonsLeadership Lessons
1. Obedience is better than 1. Obedience is better than sacrifice (15:22).sacrifice (15:22).
2. Kings must answer to God, 2. Kings must answer to God, not people (15:24).not people (15:24).
Reigns of 1-2 SamuelReigns of 1-2 Samuel
David, Man After God’s HeartDavid, Man After God’s Heart
•A model beginning (17)A model beginning (17)
•A patient king-elect (24:6; 26:9)A patient king-elect (24:6; 26:9)
•An eternal covenant (2 Sam 7)An eternal covenant (2 Sam 7)
•A fall from grace (2 Sam 11) A fall from grace (2 Sam 11)
•A dysfunctional familyA dysfunctional family
Reigns of 1-2 SamuelReigns of 1-2 Samuel
David, Man After God’s HeartDavid, Man After God’s Heart
•SubmissiveSubmissive
•PrayerPrayer
•ForgivenessForgiveness
•Covenant-MakerCovenant-Maker
Reigns of 1-2 SamuelReigns of 1-2 Samuel
David is God’s Choice for LeaderDavid is God’s Choice for Leader
because because
God is David’s Choice for LordGod is David’s Choice for Lord
David is example for all future kings. David is example for all future kings. (1 Kings 14:8; 2 Kings 18:3)(1 Kings 14:8; 2 Kings 18:3)
Reigns of 1-2 KingsReigns of 1-2 Kings
SolomonSolomon
•Wise request (1 Kings 3)Wise request (1 Kings 3)
•Temple Construction (1 Kings 5-7)Temple Construction (1 Kings 5-7)
•Temple Dedication (1 Kings 8)Temple Dedication (1 Kings 8)Note 1 Kings 8:30, 32, 34, 36, 39, 45Note 1 Kings 8:30, 32, 34, 36, 39, 45“Hear from Heaven”“Hear from Heaven”God’s presence is not limited to the TempleGod’s presence is not limited to the Temple
Reigns of 1-2 KingsReigns of 1-2 Kings
Northern Kingdom (Israel)Northern Kingdom (Israel)
19 Kings, all evil19 Kings, all evil
Israel destroyed by Assyria in Israel destroyed by Assyria in 722 B.C. by Shalmaneser V.722 B.C. by Shalmaneser V.
Southern Kingdom (Judah) Southern Kingdom (Judah) survived as a vassal. (Isaiah 7)survived as a vassal. (Isaiah 7)
Reigns of 1-2 KingsReigns of 1-2 Kings
Southern Kingdom (Judah)Southern Kingdom (Judah)
20 Kings, mixed leadership20 Kings, mixed leadership
Judah destroyed by Babylon in Judah destroyed by Babylon in 587 B.C. by Nebuchadnezzar.587 B.C. by Nebuchadnezzar.
Solomon’s temple destroyed; Solomon’s temple destroyed; people in exile.people in exile.
KingsKings
Saul, David Solomon
Northern KingdomNorthern Kingdom (Israel)
930 - 722 B.C. Destroyed by Assyria
Southern KingdomSouthern Kingdom (Judah)
930-587 B.C. Babylon Conquest
United We Stand…United We Stand…
Divided We FallDivided We Fall
Reigns of 1-2 KingsReigns of 1-2 Kings
Themes from the Kings:Themes from the Kings:
1. Faith1. Faithfulfulness brings blessings; ness brings blessings; faithfaithlesslessness brings judgment ness brings judgment
2. In the face of men’s sin;2. In the face of men’s sin;God’s covenant never waversGod’s covenant never wavers
1 & 2 Chronicles in Brief
Books of Samuel and Kings verses Books of Chronicles
•S & K = prophetic viewpointC = priestly viewpoint
•S & K = national (Israel & Judah) focusC = Judah alone
•S & K = political & military historyC = religious reform
1 & 2 Chronicles in Brief
Purposes of the Books of Chronicles
1. Historic Purpose
•View of history from divine perspective. Rather than starting with Samuel, Chronicles reports from Adam’s creation to King Cyrus (538 B.C.)
2. Canonical Purpose
•When OT canon was put together (by Ezra) 1 & 2 Chronicles falls at the end. Historical reflection.
Post-Exilic Books in Brief
Post-Exilic Books in Brief
Book of Ezra-Nehemiah
1. Author/Complier: Ezra, the priest
2. Date: 538-430 B.C., covers the time of
• First return of Zerubbabel (537) to rebuild temple
• Second return under Ezra (457 B.C.) to set up worship in temple
• Third return under Nehemiah (444 B.C.) to rebuild walls of Jerusalem
Esther in Brief
Book of Esther
1. Author/Complier: Mordecai?
2. Date: 483-473 B.C., covers the time of King Ahasuerus’ reign in Persia. The events of the book fit between Ezra 6 & 7.
3. The Drama of Esther
• Though Jews are in exile, away from Temple and presence of the Lord
• His covenant-love is still intact