BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN TRADE

2012 Edition

BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN TRADEMAIN MARKETS AND PRODUCTS

B R A Z I L I A N G O V E R N M E N T



2012 Edition

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply

Brazil

2012

2012 Edition


© 2012 Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Suply.

All rights reserved. It is authorized the partial or total reproduction of this material, on condition that the source is identified.

The copyright responsibility of the texts and images of this work belongs to the author.

Year: 2012

Elaborated by

MInISTry oF AgrIcuLTure, LIveSTock And Food SupLy

Secretariat of Agribusiness International relations

department of Agribusiness International promotion

general coordination of export organization

esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco d, 3rd floor

Zip: 70043-900, Brasília - dF, BrAZIL

phone: + 55 (61) 3218-2942

Fax: + 55 (61) 3225-4738

www.agricultura.gov.br

e-mail: [email protected]

Call Center: 0800 704 1995

Editorial Coordination: department of Social communication

printed in Brazil

printed 3.000 issues

cataloging in publicationAgriculture national Library

Brazil, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply.Brazilian Agricultural Foreign Trade - Main Markets and products: 2012

edition / Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. Secretariat of Agribusiness International relations. – Brasília : MApA/AcS, 2012.

104 p.

ISBn 978-85-7991-064-7

1. Agribusiness. 2. economic development. 3. Trade. I. Secretariat of Agribusiness International relations. II. Title

AgrIS e71 cdu 339.56

Contents

55

4

33

2

11

Income and Agricultural Production in Brazil 8

Introduction 4

Brazilian Agricultural Trade Balance 18

Agricultural Foreign Trade - Main Products 22

Agricultural Foreign Trade - Countries and Economic Blocs 70

1Introduction

IntroductionBrazilian Agricultural Foreign Trade - Main Markets and Products - 2012 Edition

6

1. Introduction

Brazilian grain production increased

33% between the 2005/2006 and

2010/2011 harvests, from 122.5 million

tonnes to 163.0 million tonnes. During

this period, the planted area increased

4.3%, while the average yield increased

from 2.6 tonnes per hectare to 3.3

tonnes per hectare (+27.5%). In fact,

the productivity gains achieved in

recent years were the main reason for

the record harvest of 2010/2011.

In addition to the record production,

the high prices of agricultural products

increased 43.5% in the gross value of

agricultural production between 2006

and 2011, from US$ 86.2 billion to US$

124.0 billion in the period. Moreover,

the record production has expanded the

country’s export capacity. Foreign sales

of agricultural and livestock products

increased in volume from 79.4 million

tonnes to 103.3 million tonnes in the

last five years (+30.1%), while exports

grew from US$ 36.9 billion to US$ 81.4

billion1 (+120%).

Analysis of the figures above reveals the

good phase of national agriculture and

livestock production, with strong growth

in productivity, income, and associated

expansion of export capacity. Despite

these figures, the country’s agricultural

and livestock export portfolio is still

concentrated on a few products. The

four main exporting sectors - soybean

,sugar and ethanol, meat and coffee

- participated with 78.7% of total

exports in 2006, and increased this

concentration to 79.4% in 2011.

1 Data extracted on 2012/January. Don’t include CAMEX nº 94 Resolution, from 2011/12/08, which modified the Mercosur common nomenclature, according to HS - 2012.

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food SupplyIntroduction

7

Regarding agricultural exports desti-

nation, The Netherlands, which where

Brazil’s main market for agricultural and

livestock exports in 2006 with a sha-

re of 9.2%, were surpassed by China,

whose share in agricultural exports rose

from 7.6% to 18.0% between 2006 and

2011. Despite the strong increase of

concentration in main destination ma-

rkets, agricultural and livestock exports

underwent de-concentration regarding

the ten main destination countries. In

2006, the top ten destination countries

participated with 54.5%, dropping to

53.4% in 2011.

This information will be analyzed in detail

throughout this publication, enabling the

reader to understand the expansion

of Brazilian agricultural and livestock

production and exports by product, as well

as learn about the destination markets

for these exports. Therefore, the aim is

to provide an overview of the Brazilian

agriculture and livestock production for

the reader with a focus on foreign sales.

Income and Agricultural Production in Brazil

2

Income and Agricultural Production in BrazilBrazilian Agricultural Foreign Trade - Main Markets and Products - 2012 Edition

10

Agricultural GDP

After agricultural GDP expansion between 2000 and 2008, there

was a 3.1% drop in GDP sector in 2009. The decline was due mainly

to the severe international crisis that abruptly brought down the

international prices of agricultural commodities in 2009. In 2010, with

the recovery of international prices, the agricultural GDP expanded

6.3%, recovering from the last years. In 2011 there was a cumulative

growth of 3,9% in agricultural GDP, which is higher than other sectors

increase (industry and services). This growth on agriculture was due

to the production and productivity increase, according to the Brazilian

Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE

Graph 2.1Growth rate of GDP by Component: 2000-2011(%)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201120022001 2003

GDP Agriculture Industry Services

Source: IBGE.

2. Income and Agricultural Production in Brazil



11

Agribusiness GDP

The Center for Advanced Studies in Applied Economics of

the University of São Paulo (CEPEA/Esalq-USP) publishes the

participation of agribusiness in Brazilian GDP. This participation

varies depending on the sector’s performance and in 2003

reached 28.8% of the Brazilian GDP. In 2011, agribusiness

was responsible for 22.7% of Brazil’s GDP, or US$ 552 billion.

The Center’s calculation includes, in addition to agricultural and

livestock activities, research activities, industry and distribution

related to agriculture and livestock production.

Graph 2.2 Agribusiness GDP in the GDP of Brazil - 2011 (%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

28.42

1994

24.24

1995

22.15

1996

21.29

1997

21.33

1998

22.24

1999

22.87

2000

23.26

2001

25.31

2002 2003

28.79 28.28

2004

25.83

2005

23.92

2006

24.15

2007

25.21

2008

23.19

2009

22.34

2010

22.74

2011

Source: CEPEA/Esalq-USP.


12

Gross Value of Agricultural Production

Agriculture’s Gross Value of Production (GVP) was US$ 124.0 billion

in 2011, representing an increase of 12.3% over the 2010 GVP, which

was US$ 110.4 billion. The increase is much higher than the last

decade’s average, which rose 3.5% per year, and was relevant, due

to the record harvest and strong rise in commodity prices in 2011.

The product with the highest participation was soybean grain, with

US$ 32.2 billion, or 26% of GVP. Sugarcane ranked second, with

US$ 20,55 billion, followed by corn and coffee, with US$ 14,8 billion

and US$ 11,6 billion respectively. It should be noted that these

four products were responsible for 63.8% of total gross value

of agricultural production in 2011. In 2002, the four major sectors

participated with 60.8% of GVP, demonstrating concentration

among the major sectors.

The GVP of products such as rice and beans declined between

2002 and 2011, from US$ 9.0 billion in 2002 to US$ 8.2 billion.

Thus, the participation of the two products in GVP fell from 10.1%

to 6.6% in the period. This decrease is the result not only of rising

international prices of products such as soybean, but mainly due

to the sharp increase of area occupied by the product. In the

case of soybean, the area occupied increased from 16.3 million

hectares in the 2001/2002 harvest to 24.2 million hectares in

the 2010/2011 harvest, which represented an increase of 48.5%

in area occupied by the product. In the same period, the area

occupied by rice fields fell from 3.2 million hectares to 2.8 million

(-12.5%), while the area used in the production of beans declined

from 4.3 million hectares to 4.0 million (-7.0%).



13

Table 2.1 Gross Value of Production – Main Agricultural Products – Brazil

Values in million US$*

CROPS 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Soybean (grains) 25,154 31,356 29,313 20,935 18,300 23,206 30,332 29,190 28,690 32,201

Sugarcane 11,343 11,661 10,577 11,322 14,890 16,099 14,648 17,777 20,046 20,575

Corn (grain) 11,156 14,988 11,316 8,553 9,300 13,763 16,597 11,324 11,088 14,758

Coffee beans 6,725 5,638 7,993 8,472 8,916 7,478 8,605 7,449 9,845 11,561

Orange 7,519 6,349 5,672 5,417 6,460 6,088 6,217 5,714 7,360 7,704

Banana 3,785 4,147 4,084 4,175 4,327 4,576 4,593 4,701 4,971 5,070

Herbaceous cottonseed 1,807 2,385 4,250 3,069 2,261 3,130 2,927 2,046 1,946 4,890

Rice (in husk) 4,854 5,921 7,537 5,498 4,348 4,363 5,624 5,968 4,673 4,546

Manioc (cassava) 2,146 3,057 4,029 3,768 3,608 3,361 3,559 3,849 3,674 3,698

Beans 4,188 4,377 3,063 3,331 3,420 3,271 5,861 4,023 3,643 3,647

Tomate 2,188 2,627 2,880 2,727 2,364 2,642 2,977 3,390 3,107 3,628

Tobacco (leaf) 2,138 2,335 3,435 3,374 3,443 3,571 3,510 3,536 2,884 2,876

Grapes 816 1,075 1,983 807 706 1,568 764 2,436 1,909 2,545

Potato - white 1,895 1,813 1,480 1,728 1,625 1,754 1,780 2,202 2,381 2,024

Apple - - - - - - - - - 1,513

Wheat (grain) 1,377 2,742 2,136 1,361 702 1,436 2,129 1,481 1,653 1,454

Cocoa 1,089 918 753 633 561 597 698 896 869 751

Onion 756 682 782 573 545 584 878 784 1,224 503

Peanut (in husk) 182 215 248 260 197 248 336 249 185 -

Castor bean 87 53 98 95 43 54 62 - - -

Black pepper 229 242 177 185 176 209 199 175 176 -

TOTAL 53,432 102,579 101,807 86,284 86,190 97,998 112,297 107,189 110,322 123,946Source: IBGE - Systematic Survey of Agricultural Production - (LSPA in portuguese), Feb. 2012; FGVPrepared by: AGE/MAPANote: * Values deflated by IGP-DI (FVG) - Feb. 2012

** Prices Received by producers. Annual average for the complete years. For 2011 average prices from January to November/2011; for 2012, prices from November/2011; for coffee and apple were employed average prices from Cepea/Esalq/USP, annual average for the complete years; and for 2012, average prices from January to February/2012; apple refers to the gala type and coffee refers to Arabic coffee type 6 “hard liquor for the better”, and robusta coffee type 6, sieve 13 above, with 86 defects.


14

Graph 2.3Gross Value of Production

Source: IBGE/FGVDADOS.Prepared by: AGE/MAPA.

Grain and Sugarcane Production in Brazil

Grain production in Brazil underwent strong growth in the latest

harvests, from 122.5 million tonnes in 2005/2006 to 163.0 million

tonnes in 2011/2012, which represents a 33% increase in grain

production over the past five years, or an average annual increase

of 5.9% in production. This increase is the result of two factors:

increased planted area and productivity.

The grain-cultivated area in the country in the 2010/11 harvest

totaled 49.92 million hectares, that is +5.3% or 2.50 million

hectares greater than the previous harvest, which totaled 47.42

million hectares. Furthermore, it is estimated that in the 2011/2012

harvest the cultivated area has reached 50.6 million hectares,

continuing the process of increasing the planted area. Despite

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

US$

Bil

lion

71 74 74

69

76

90

103 102

86 86

98

112

107 110

124



15

that, a longer-term analysis shows that the increase in planted

area over the past five years was of 4.3%, while the grain harvest

had a 33% increase in production, as already mentioned. That is,

just the increase of the area does not account for the increase of

grain production in Brazil. So, it’s necessary to analyze the second

factor that enabled the production record: productivity.

Brazilian productivity per hectare increased 27.5% between

2005/2006 harvest and 2010/2011 harvest , from 2.6 tonnes

per hectare in the 2005/2006 harvest to 3.3 tonnes per hectare

in the 2010/2011 harvest. Therefore, most of the increase in

Brazilian production was due to the increased productivity. The

increase in productivity may be the result of several factors,

such as new production methods, improved seeds, increased

use of fertilizers, favorable weather, etc. In the last years in

Brazil, all these variables together, resulted in an average

productivity of 3.3 tonnes per hectare.

Graph 2.4Area and Production – Grains

Source: CONAB.* Preliminary Data: subject to changes.** Estimated Data: subject to changes

43,0

44,0

45,0

46,0

47,0

48,0

49,0

50,0

51,0

122,530

47,867 46,121 47,411 47,674 47,415 49,919 50,661

131,750144,137

135,134149,254

162,957 158,446

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

140,0

160,0

180,0

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 * 2010/11 * 2011/12 **

Mil

lion

hec

tare

s Million

tonn

es

Area (mil ha) Production (mil t.)


16

The Brazilian grain production is concentrated on two types

of grain: soybean, with 45% of total production (71.8 million

tonnes in the 2011/2012 harvest), and corn, with 38% (59.2

million tonnes in the 2011/2012 harvest). These two grains

represent 83.0% of the total national production of 158.5 million

tonnes forecast for the 2011/2012 harvest. In the 2005/2006

harvest, the share of these two grains was 79.6%. Therefore,

there has been an increased concentration in the production of

these two grains. The production of beans and rice, otherwise,

decreased from 12.4% of total production in the 2005/2006

harvest to the estimated 9.4% in the 2011/2012 harvest.

Examining the area occupied by certain type of grain, it can

notice that there was a strong expansion of the soybean

planted area (+1.89 million hectares) and corn area (+ 1.59

million hectares) between the 2005/2006 and 2011/2012

harvests. The expansion of soybean and corn crops exceeded

the increase in the area occupied by all grains, which was 2.79

million hectares in the period. As a result, there has been a

reduction of the total planted area with other grains in recent

years. They occupied 12.2 million hectares in the 2005/2006

harvest and were reduced to 11.5 million in the estimated

2011/2012 harvest.

Graph 2.5Products share in the 2011/2012 grain harvest*

Soybeans 45%

Corn 38%

Others 1%

Sorghum 1%

Cotton 1%

Beans 2%

Wheat 4%

Rice 7%

Source: CONAB* Estimated Data: subject to changes.



17

Despite the significant growth of the Brazilian grain harvest

in recent years, it is still small compared to other from major

producing countries. The US corn harvest alone was 332.5 million

tonnes in 2009, almost double the total grain harvest in Brazil.

The Chinese corn harvest of 2009 was 164.1 million tonnes,

equivalent to the record harvest in Brazil.2

Besides grain production, Brazil will use an area of 8.0 million

hectares in the 2011/2012 harvest for sugarcane production,

which corresponds to 16% of the total grain-planted area.

The area cultivated with sugarcane increased 1.9 million hectares

in the last five years, a 30.3% expansion. This figure reveals

strong growth when compared to the 4.3% expansion of the area

occupied by grains. The crushed production grew from 468 million

tonnes in the 2006/2007 harvest to the estimated 571 million

tonnes in 2011/2012 harvest. Although the crushing of the current

harvest were 22% greater than the 2006/2007 harvest, sugarcane

crushing has already reached 624 million tonnes in the 2010/2011

harvest. This decline is occurring due to weather conditions, such

as drought in major producing regions in the second half of 2011.

The milling of sugarcane allows the production of sugar and

ethanol. In the 2011/2012 harvest, it is estimated that 283.9

million tonnes of sugarcane will be crushed to produce sugar,

while 287.6 million tonnes will be used to produce ethanol.

With this performance, ethanol production will reach 22.9

billion liters, or -17.2% compared to the 2010/2011 harvest.

Sugar production will reach 36.9 million tonnes, a 3,4% drop

compared to the previous harvest. This production directly

affects the lives of fuel consumers, once between 2006 and

2010 hydrous ethanol consumption at gas stations rose 144%,

according to the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and

Biofuels - (ANP), and the fall in supply can affect consumers’

choice between gasoline or ethanol.

2 Data obtained from FAO (http://faostat.fao.org/).

3Brazilian Agricultural Trade Balance

Brazilian Agricultural Trade BalanceBrazilian Agricultural Foreign Trade - Main Markets and Products - 2012 Edition

20

3. Brazilian Agricultural Trade Balance

Considering European Union countries as a single market, in

2010 Brazil came third in the world ranking3 of export markets for

agricultural products. Almost 300 products4 were sold to more than

200 countries in this period.

The table beside shows the country’s position in the ranking of world

production and exports. Brazil stands out as the largest producer of

sugar, coffee and orange juice, and is the main exporter of these

products, as well as of soybean grain and chicken meat. However,

even being the leading global supplier of these products, the country

still reserves, on average, 42.5% of its production to supply the

domestic demand. In the case of chicken meat, only 25.5% of

production is exported, whereas regarding orange juice, most of the

production (84%) is allocated to foreign sales. Over the last decade,

Brazil’s agricultural exports set constant records for exported values.

The exception occurred in 2009 when there was a 6% drop over the

previous year, due to the international crisis. Nevertheless, there was

an average growth of 17.2% per year in the period.

Table 3.1Brazil’s position in world production and exports of agricultu-

ral products

PRODUCTS PRODUCTION EXPORTS % exported production

Sugar 1 1 66.6

Coffee 1 1 58.9

Orange juice 1 1 84.0

Soybean grains 2 1 52.7

Beef 2 2 14.9

Chicken meat 3 1 25.5

Soybean oil 4 2 23.5

Soybean meal 4 2 52.1

Corn 4 4 13.9

Pork 4 4 17.3Source: USDA.Prepared by: MAPA/SRI/DPI.

3 Source: Trandemap / CCI. Data extracted on 02/02/2012. Subject to alteration. Excludes EU-27 intra-trade.4 Source: AgroStat (level 3).

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food SupplyBrazilian Agricultural Trade Balance

21

In 2011 exports totaled US$ 81.4 billion in agricultural products

(27.7% increase over 2010), while imports in the sector totaled

US$ 11.6 billion (29.7% increase over 2010). As a result, Brazil’s

agricultural trade balance achieved a surplus of US$ 69.8 billion.

The sector provided an important contribution to the positive ou-

tcome of the total trade balance, since other products accoun-

ted for a US$ 39.7 billion deficit in the same year.

Agriculture and livestock products accounted for 32% of the

country’s total exports in 2011, while their share in total imports

was of 5% in the same period. As it can be observed in the

chart below, over the analyzed period there were no significant

changes in terms of participation of agricultural products in the

Brazilian trade balance.

Graph 3.1Brazilian Trade Balance - Historical Series (US$ billion)

28% 6% 29% 7%

30%

8%

29%

5%

27%

5%

27%

5%

28%

5%

29%

5% 36%

6%

32%

5%

32%

5%

0

50

100

150

200

250

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Exports Agricultural Other Products

Imports Agricultural Other Products

Source: AgroStat Brasil based on data from SECEX/MDICPrepared by: MAPA/SRI/DPI.

4Agricultural Foreign Trade - Main Products

Agricultural Foreign Trade - Main ProductsBrazilian Agricultural Foreign Trade - Main Markets and Products - 2012 Edition

24

Exports of agricultural products reached a record figure of US$

81.4 billion in 2011, mainly due to the high international prices

of agricultural commodities registered that year. Agricultural

exports more than doubled in the last five years, growing from

US$ 36.9 billion in 2006 to the aforementioned US$ 81.4 billion.

There was an increase of US$ 44.5 billion in exports of these

products in the last five years, or an average annual growth of

17.1%. In 2011, exports increased above the average of the last

five years, rising 27.7%.

During this period, soybean remained the leading sector in exports,

reaching a 29.6% share in the total export portfolio. Soybean

exports accounted for 25.2% of total exports in 2006, with US$

9.3 billion, and amounted to US$ 24.1 billion in 2011. Sugar and

ethanol ranked second with 19.9%. Therefore, the top two sectors

alone accounted for almost 50% of total agricultural exports in

2011. Adding meat and coffee to these two sectors, it totals 79.4%

of Brazilian agricultural exports, which shows the high dregree of

concentration of the export portfolio on a small number of products.

In 2006, the four main agricultural export sectors were also the

same: soybean, meat, sugar and ethanol and coffee which were

responsible for 78.7% of total exports.

Other sectors with a participation of more than one percent in

the export portfolio in 2011 were: cereals, flour and preparations

(5.1%), tobacco and its products (3.6%), fruit juices (3.2%), fibers,

wool (2.0%) and fruit (1.2%).

Graph 4.1Brazilian agricultural exports - main products share - 2011 (%)

4. Agricultural Foreign Trade - Main Products

Soybean 30% Sugar and ethanol

20%

Meat 19%

Coffee 11%

Cereals, �ours and preparations 5%

Tobacco and its products 4% Fruit juices 3%

Fibers, wool 2%

Fruits (incl. nuts and chestnuts) 1%

Other plant products 1%

Other products 4%


Total: US$ 81.43

billion

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food SupplyAgricultural Foreign Trade - Main Products

25

Table 4.1Main Brazilian Agricultural Products Exports

2010 2011 RELATIVE VARIATION %VALUE QUANT. AVE. PRICE VALUE QUANT. AVE. PRICE 2010/2011

US$ t US$/t US$ t US$/t VALUE QUANT. AVE. PRICETOTAL 63,750,590,723 - - 81,425,456,888 - - 27.73 - -Soybean 17,107,048,096 44,296,851 386 24,139,420,261 49,069,750 492 41.11 10.77 27.38

Grain 11,035,209,981 29,064,451 380 16,312,232,213 32,973,107 495 47.82 13.45 30.30

Meal 4,719,409,068 13,668,639 345 5,697,918,293 14,355,230 397 20.73 5.02 14.96

Oil 1,352,429,047 1,563,761 865 2,129,269,755 1,741,413 1,223 57.44 11.36 41.38

Sugar and Ethanol 13,775,943,538 29,524,157 467 16,179,892,001 26,704,765 606 17.45 -9.55 29.85

Sugar 12,761,682,665 27,999,821 456 14,940,115,258 25,356,973 589 17.07 -9.44 29.27

Raw 9,306,850,558 20,938,703 444 11,548,785,770 20,152,913 573 24.09 -3.75 28.93

Refined 3,454,832,107 7,061,119 489 3,391,329,488 5,204,060 652 -1.84 -26.30 33.19

Ethanol 1,014,260,873 1,524,336 665 1,239,776,743 1,347,792 920 22.23 -11.58 38.25

Meat 13,629,852,660 5,910,873 2,306 15,638,833,630 5,816,570 2,689 14.74 -1.60 16.60

Beef 4,795,356,990 1,230,571 3,897 5,348,770,021 1,095,669 4,882 11.54 -10.96 25.27Fresh 3,861,061,382 951,255 4,059 4,169,285,494 820,239 5,083 7.98 -13.77 25.23Processed 498,224,182 124,403 4,005 615,338,344 102,728 5,990 23.51 -17.42 49.57Offal 436,071,426 154,913 2,815 564,146,183 172,702 3,267 29.37 11.48 16.04

Chicken 6,254,377,196 3,629,601 1,723 7,496,903,142 3,707,492 2,022 19.87 2.15 17.35Fresh 5,789,272,946 3,460,760 1,673 7,063,213,913 3,569,903 1,979 22.01 3.15 18.28Processed 465,104,250 168,842 2,755 433,689,229 137,589 3,152 -6.75 -18.51 14.43

Turkey 424,498,283 157,820 2,690 444,628,200 141,173 3,150 4.74 -10.55 17.09Fresh 155,252,147 78,062 1,989 172,690,188 72,661 2,377 11.23 -6.92 19.50Processed 269,246,136 79,758 3,376 271,938,012 68,512 3,969 1.00 -14.10 17.58

Pork 1,339,622,156 539,584 2,483 1,433,043,048 515,833 2,778 6.97 -4.40 11.90Fresh 1,226,581,317 463,700 2,645 1,286,258,758 436,128 2,949 4.87 -5.95 11.49Processed 31,418,738 11,667 2,693 41,012,702 12,541 3,270 30.54 7.49 21.44Offal 81,622,101 64,217 1,271 105,771,588 67,165 1,575 29.59 4.59 23.90

Continues


26

2010 2011 RELATIVE VARIATION %VALUE QUANT. AVE. PRICE VALUE QUANT. AVE. PRICE 2010/2011

US$ t US$/t US$ t US$/t VALUE QUANT. AVE. PRICECoffee 5,764,620,108 1,877,443 3,070 8,732,836,900 1,879,844 4,646 51.49 0.13 51.30

Grains (green and toasted) 5,204,093,078 1,795,334 2,899 8,026,395,497 1,794,803 4,472 54.23 -0.03 54.28

Soluble 535,038,237 77,156 6,934 674,476,876 80,076 8,423 26.06 3.78 21.46Tobacco and its products 2,762,245,963 505,620 5,463 2,935,186,975 545,603 5,380 6.26 7.91 -1.53

Corn 2,136,821,755 10,792,581 198 2,624,526,081 9,459,471 277 22.82 -12.35 40.13Orange juices 1,774,758,880 1,977,645 897 2,376,170,174 2,006,504 1,184 33.89 1.46 31.96Cotton 821,633,035 512,510 1,603 1,590,951,264 758,668 2,097 93.63 48.03 30.81Fruits (includes nuts e chestnuts) 906,137,855 839,518 1,079 940,451,261 748,988 1,256 3.79 -10.78 16.33

Fresh fruit 610,712,226 760,658 803 634,514,756 682,040 930 3.90 -10.34 15.87Mango 119,929,762 124,694 962 140,910,324 126,431 1,115 17.49 1.39 15.88Mellon 121,969,814 177,829 686 128,353,767 169,576 757 5.23 -4.64 10.36Grapes 136,648,806 60,805 2,247 135,782,857 59,391 2,286 -0.63 -2.32 1.73Cashew nuts 229,571,712 42,175 5,443 226,657,809 26,302 8,618 -1.27 -37.64 58.32

Sub-total 58,679,061,890 - - 75,158,268,547 - - 28.08 - -Other products 5,071,528,833 - - 6,267,188,341 - - 23.58 - -


Continued


27

Soybean

Soybean is the main sector in Brazil’s agricultural exports, as

mentioned above. The sector’s exports increased from US$ 9.3

billion in 2006 to US$ 24.1 billion in 2011, with an average annual

growth of 21.0% in value over the past five years. The amount

exported, however, was not the main factor that contributed

to the increase in foreign sales in the period, with an average

increase of 4.3% between 2006 and 2011 (from 39.7 million

tonnes to 49.0 million tonnes). Export prices provided the

largest contribution to the expansion of the sector’s sales, with

average annual increase of 16.0% for the three products that

comprise the sector (grains, meal and oil). The average price

of soybean grains, for example, increased from US$ 226 per

tonne in 2006 to US$ 494 per tonne in 2011, a 118% increase

in five years.

Graph 4.2 (a)Soybean exports 2006-2011 Subsectors (US$ millions)

Graph 4.2 (b)Soybean exports: 2006-2011Subsectors (thousand tonnes)


0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

9,308

2006

11,382

2007

17,979

2008

17,240

2009

24,139

2011

17,107

2010

Oil Meal Grains


49,070

44,297 42,395 39,097 38,541 39,703

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2010

Oil Meal Grains


28

China 48.6%

EU - 27 28.7%

Thailand 4.7%

Taiwan 2.0%

South Korea 2.0%

Vietnam 1,6%

Japan 1.4% Iran 1.3%

Cuba 0.9%

Norway 0.8%

Other countries 7.8%

Graph 4.2 (c)Soybean exports Main Destinations - 2011

Soybean grains participated with 60.8% of the sector’s value of

exports in 2006, increasing to 67.6% in 2011. This increase occurred

at the expense mostly of the participation of soybean oil, whose

participation in the sector dropped from 13.2% to 8.8%.

China was the main destination market for Brazilian soybean

products, accounting for almost half of what was sold abroad.

Sales to that country grew sharply, reaching 22.8 million tonnes

in 2011. It is important to mention that the 2012 forecast is

that China will import 56 million tonnes of soybean grains, an

amount that represents about 60% of total sales of soybean

grains in the world. Hence, the strong Chinese participation in

Brazilian soybean exports is in line with Chinese participation

in the global market.

Other important markets for soybean products were: European

Union (28.7%), Thailand (4.7%), Taiwan (2%), South Korea (2%)

and Vietnam (1,6%).



29

Sugar and ethanol

Sugar and ethanol rank second among the leading agricultural

export sectors, a position it has occupied since 2010, when it

exceeded, in terms of value, meat exports. The sector’s exports

totaled US$ 16.2 billion in 2011, an increase of 17.5% over the

previous year. Within the sugar and ethanol sector, sugar

accounted for 92.3% of total exports, leaving the remaining 7.7%

to ethanol.

The sector’s positive performance was achieved due to the

increase in prices that rose 29.9% on average. On the other

hand, the quantities shipped by the sector dropped 9.5% in

2011. This performance accounted for 20% of the shipments

of agricultural products and 6.3% of all Brazilian exports (US$

256 billion).


30

Graph 4.3 (a)Sugar exports: 2006-2011 Subsectors (US$ millions)

Source: AgroStat Brasil based on data from SECEX/MDIC.Prepared by: MAPA/SRI/DPI.

Graph 4.3 (b)Sugar exports: 2006-2011 Subsectors (thousand tonnes)


0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

Re�ned sugar Raw sugar

6,167

2006

5,483

2008

5,100

2007

8,378

2009

12,762

2010

14,940

2011 0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Re�ned sugar Raw sugar

19,359 18,870 19,473

24,294

28,000 25,357

2006 2008 2007 2009 2010 2011

Sugar

Brazilian sugar exports reached US$ 14.9 billion in 2011, a 17.1%

increase compared with 2010. The average export price of the

product increased 29.3%, while the volume shipped decreased

9.4%. Hence, there has been set an export value record in 2011,

although the volume shipped, 25.4 million tonnes, has been

lower than that of 28 million tonnes of 2010.

In 2011, sales of raw sugar accounted for 77% of the value

of exports, while refined sugar participated with 23%. The

participation of raw sugar in the portfolio has been concentrating

in recent years. In 2008, the participation of raw sugar in total

sugar exports was 64%, with refined sugar accounting for 36%

of the total amount.


31

Foreign sales of sugar were diversified in 2011, with the

five major partners accounting for 37% of total purchases

of the product. The five main markets were: Russia (12.4%),

China (8.1%), Egypt (5.9%), United Arab Emirates (5.6%)

and European Union (5.6%). It should be noted that China

participated with 0.9% of total sales of Brazilian sugar in 2006,

increasing to the current 8.1% in five years.

Graph 4.3 (c)Sugar exports - Main destinations - 2011

Russia 12.4%

China 8.1%

Egypt 5.9%

United Arab Emirates 5.6%

EU - 27 5.6%

Algeria 5.2% Saudi Arabia 4.4%

Bangladesh 4.1%

Nigeria 4.0%

Malaysia 3.9%


Source: AgroStat Brasil based on data from SECEX/MDIC.Prerpared by: MAPA/SRI/DPI.


32

Ethanol

Ethanol exports reached US$ 1.2 billion in 2011, a figure 22.2%

higher than the US$ 1.0 billion sold abroad in 2010. In 2011 the

volume shipped was 1.7 billion liters (1.4 million tonnes), far below

the record achieved in 2008, when exports reached 5.1 billion liters

(4.1 million tonnes). During this period, there was an increase of

the average price per tonne exported, from US$ 0.46 per liter in

2008 to US$ 0.74 per liter in 2011.

It should be noted that, besides the reduction in the amount exported,

there was a significant increase in ethanol imports. In 2011, Brazil

Graph 4.3 (d)Ethanol exports: 2006-2011 (US$ millions)

Graph 4.3 (e)Ethanol exports: 2006-2011 (thousand tonnes)


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2006 2008 2007 2009 2010 2011

1,605 1,478

2,390

1,338

1,014

1,240

2006 2008 2007 2009 2010 2011

2,733 2,824

4,095

2,647

1,524 1,348

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500



33

purchased US$ 433.7 million in ethanol from abroad or the equivalent

to 570.5 million liters. The main destination of Brazilian ethanol exports

is the United States, which purchased 34% of total exports in 2011.

Other importing countries, in order of importance, were: South Korea

(15.3%), Japan (14.8%), Trinidad and Tobago (8.5%), European Union

(5.4%), Jamaica ( 5.3%), Switzerland (3.8) and Nigeria (3.3).

Graph 4.3 (f)Ethanol exports

Main destinations - 2011

Jamaica 5.3% El Salvador 2.7%

India 1.7%

United States 34.0% South Korea 15.3%

Japan 14.8%

Trinidad and

Tobago 8.5%

EU - 27

5.4%

Switzerland 3.8% Nigeria 3.3%

Other

countries

5.2%



34

Meat

The exports in this sector totaled US$ 15.6 million in 2011, an

increase of 14.7% in relation to 2010. There was a 1.6% decrease

in the quantity shipped, while the average export price of meat

had an average increase of 16.6%. Chicken meat contributed

with 48% of the sector’s total sales. Beef, in turn, accounted for

34.0%, while the remaining types of meat accounted for 18%.

Graph 4.4Meat exports evolution: 2006-2011 (tonnes)

Brazilian meat exports have stabilized at a level of about six million

tonnes since 2007. This exported amount has remained at that

level due to the persistent decline in the volume of shipped beef,

which, in turn, is being offset by the increase in foreign sales of

chicken meat.


Meat

Chicken

Beef

Pork

Turkey

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0

1,000,000

2,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

4,000,000

3,000,000

5,087,760

5,874,929 5,911,0645,791,133

5,910,872 5,816,570

3,162,4163,436,648 3,437,928

3,629,601

1,523,243 1,615,040 1,383,864 1,245,139 1,230,570 1,095,669

526,631

156,055

605,248

177,330

528,314

204,251

606,312

163,574

539,584

157,820

515,833

141,172

2,712,959

3,707,492


35

Chicken meat

Foreign sales of chicken meat increased 19.9% in 2011, reaching

the record amount of US$ 7.5 billion. Among meat sector, it was

the only product that had a positive variation in quantities shipped

overseas (+2.1%) in 2011, which, added to the increase in prices

(+17.3%), resulted in this positive variation of almost 20%.

Chicken meat exported quantity increased from 2.7 million

tonnes in 2006 to 3.7 million in 2011. It means that in last five

Graph 4.5 (a)Chicken meat exports: 2006-2011Subsectors (US$ millions)

Graph 4.5 (b)Chicken meat exports: 2006-2011 Subsectors (thousand tonnes)

years there was an average annual increase of 6.5% . But

the value of exports rose from US$ 3.2 billion in 2006 to the

aforementioned US$ 7.5 billion in 2011, which represented an

average increase of 18.5% a year. Therefore, exports international

prices have greatly contributed to increase the value of exports,

since they had an annual rise of 11.4% on average. The value of

the exported chicken meat rose from US$ 1,180 a tonne in 2006

to US$ 2,022 a tonne in 2011.


0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

2006 2008 2007 2009 2010 2011

3,203

4,620

5,307

6,254

7,497

Processed Fresh

6,353


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

2006 2008 2007 2009 2010 2011

Processed Fresh

2,713

3,162

3,437 3,438 3,630 3,708


36

The largest importer of Brazilian fresh chicken meat in value is

still Japan, with a market share of 18.7%, having imported 443

thousand tonnes in 2011. However, attention should be drawn to

China due to the increase in the amount imported, which rose from

27,5 thousand tonnes purchased in 2006 to 195,8 thousand tonnes

in 2011. Besides the countries mentioned above, the following stand

Graph 4.5 (c)Fresh chicken meat exports Main destinations - 2011

out: Hong Kong (7.6%), United Arab Emirates (6.0%), European

Union (5.2%), Venezuela (5.0%) and Kuwait (3.8%).

Processed chicken meat exports represented 5.8% of total chicken

exports in 2011. The main partners were: E.U. (83.2%), Saudi Arabia

(2.9%), Chile (2.5%), Switzerland (1.7%) and Kuwait (1.4%).

Graph 4.5 (d)Processed chicken meat exports Main destinations - 2011



Japan 18.7% Saudi Arabia 17.0%

HongKong 7.8%

UnitedArab

Emirates 6.0%

China 6.0%

EU - 27 5.2%

Venezuela 5.0% Kuwait 3.8% Iraq 3.2%

South Africa 2.9%


EU - 27 83.2%

Saudi Arabia 2.9% Chile 2.5%

Kuwait 1.4%

Other countries

8.2%

Switzerland 1.7%


37

Beef

Brazilian beef production has been stagnated around 9.0 million

tonnes (carcass weight equivalent - cwe)5 for the last years. However

domestic consumption increases, going from 7.14 million tonnes

(cwe) in 2007 to 7.75 million tonnes (cwe) in 2010. Given the growing

domestic demand, the exportable surplus has reduced from 1.8 million

tonnes (cwe) in 2006 to 1.2 million tonnes (cwe) in 2011. Indeed, Brazil

which was the leading beef exporter, got outscored by Australia as the

lead exporter of fresh beef.

5 According to the US Department of Agriculture: Foreign Agricultural Service – USDA – Livestock and Poultry: World Markets and Trade. (October 2010)

Graph 4.6 (a)Beef exports: 2006-2011 Subsectors (US$ millions)

Graph 4.6 (b)Beef exports: 2006-2011 Subsectors (thousand tonnes)

Despite the 33.3% drop in the exported quantity of fresh beef

and nearly 50% of processed beef in the last five years, the

value of these products exports reached a record of US$ 4.88

billion in 2011. This value was achieved due to the increase in

fresh beef average export price, which rose from US$ 1,740

per tonne (cwe) in 2006 to US$ 3,457 per tonne (cwe) in 2011,

almost 100% rise in the average export price.


3,923 4,425

5,326

4,119

4,795

5,349

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Offal Processed Fresh


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,523 1,615

1,384 1,245 1,230

1,096

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Offal Processed Fresh


38

Russia remains the main destination market for Brazilian fresh

beef exports with a participation of 24.3% in total exports, despite

the embargo promoted in 2011. The amount of fresh beef exports

to Russia fell about 50% between 2007 and 2011, from 658

thousand tonnes (cwe) to 336 thousand tonnes (cwe). In contrast,

countries such as Iran, Venezuela and Hong Kong substantially

increased the amounts purchased in the last five years.

Graph 4.6 (c)Fresh beef exports Main destinations - 2011

Regarding processed beef, there is a large concentration in the

consumer markets of the Brazilian product. The European Union

purchased half the value exported by Brazil and the United States other

26.4%. These two markets accounted for 76.4% of Brazilian exports.

Other purchasing markets were: Egypt (3.0%), Japan (2.5%), Jamaica

(2.5%), Canada (1.4%), Chile (1.3%) and Jordan (1.2%).

Graph 4.6 (d)Processed beef exports Main destinations - 2011



Russia 24.3%

Iran 16.5% EU - 27 11.5%

Egypt 9.9%

Venezuela9.0%

Hong Kong 7.9%

Chile 4.8%

Saudi Arabia 3.1% Lebanon 2.3%

Israel 1.9%

Othercountries 8.7%

EU - 27 50.0% Unites States26.4%

Egypt 3.0%

Japan 2.5% Jamaica 2.2%

Canada 1.4% Chile 1.3%

Jordan 1.2%

Othercountries 12.0%


39

Pork

Brazilian pork exports in 2011 totaled US$ 1.43 billion, close to the

historical record achieved in 2009 (US$ 1.48 billion). However, the

exported amount of 516 thousand tonnes was below the ones

registered in 2007 and 2009, respectively 605 and 606 thousand

tonnes. The amount shipped in 2011 was the lowest since 2006, due

mainly to the embargo imposed by Russia, the largest Brazilian pork

importer. Exports to Russia decreased from 278,7 thousand tonnes

in 2007 to 126,5 thousand tonnes in 2011, a 152,2 thousand tones

reduction. That is, excluding Russia as a brazilian pork importer, we

should have an increase in the amount exported to other countries.

Similarly to other types of meat, there was an increase in the

product international prices, rising from US$ 1,967 per tonne in

2006 to US$ 2,778 per tonne in 2011, a 41% expansion over the

past five years. The exported value, therefore, remained around

US$ 1.4 billion, despite the reduction in the quantity.

Graph 4.7 (a)Pork exports: 2006-2011 Subsectors (US$ millions)

Graph 4.7 (b)Pork exports: 2006-2011 Subsectors (thousand tonnes)


1,036

1,230

1,478

1,225

1,340 1,433

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Processed Offal Fresh

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

527

605

528

606

540 516

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Processed Offal Fresh



40

As already mentioned, Russia still ranks first with 30.4% of total

exports, followed by Hong Kong (18.4%), Ukraine (14.2%) and

Argentina (9.0%). These four markets alone accounted for 72%

of total sales. Other markets with a share of more than 1% were

Singapore (5.8%), Angola (5.0%), Venezuela (3.8%), Uruguay

(3.4%), Albania (2.0%), and Georgia (1.1%).

Graph 4.7 (c)Fresh pork exports


The processed pork exports reached US$ 41 million, or 2.8% of

total pork exports. These sales are concentrated in two markets:

Hong Kong, with 46.1% of exports, and Argentina, with 23.4%.

In addition to the mentioned markets, there were sales to Angola

(9.2%), Uruguay (6.1%), Japan (5.3%), Paraguay (5.2%), Panama

(2.2%) and South Africa (1.4%).

Graph 4.7 (d)Processed pork exports


Argentina9.0%

Angola 5.0%

Venezuela 3.8%

Uruguay 3.4%

Albania 2.0%

Georgia 1.1%

Russia 30.4% Hong Kong 18.4%

Ukraine 14.2%

Singapore 5.8%


Hong Kong 46.1% Argentina 23.4%

Angola 9.2%

Uruguay 6.1%

Japan 5.3%

Paraguay 5.2%Panama 2.2%

South Africa 1.4%





41

Turkey Meat

Turkey meat exports totaled US$ 445 million in 2011, an increase

of 4.7% in relation to 2010. Quantity exported, however, decreased

10.8% in 2011. In fact, the increase in the exported value was only

achieved due to the 17.1% increase in average export prices.

Turkey meat sales, similarly to beef and pork, also have fallen

Graph 4.8 (a)Turkey meat exports: 2006-2011 Subsectors (US$ millions)

Gráfico 4.8 (b)Turkey meat exports: 2006-2011 Subsectors (thousand tonnes)

in recent years. The record quantity sold abroad was set in

2008, when shipments volume reached 204 thousand tonnes,

42.6% above the amount exported in 2011. The increase in

export prices made it possible to maintain the value of exports

at a high level. Between 2006 and 2011, prices of turkey meat

increased by 87%.



263

390

558

382

425 445

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Fresh Processed

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Fresh Processed

0

50

100

150

200

250

156

177

204

164 158

141


42

Fresh turkey meat and fresh chicken meat have one of the most

diversified destination market. The European Union was the

greatest fresh turkey buyer from Brazil, accounting for 18.9% of

total exports. Russia ranked second with 15.9%. Other markets that

purchased Brazilian turkey meat in 2011 were: Benin (10.9%), South

Africa (9.9%), Angola (9.3%), Switzerland (6.3%), Chile (4.2%),

Congo (3.7%), Saudi Arabia (3.5%) and Equatorial Guinea (3.5%).

As for exports of processed turkey meat, European Union is

almost the only buyer, with 97.7%.

Graph 4.8 (c)Fresh turkey meat exports Main destinations - 2011

Graph 4.8 (d)Processed turkey meat Main destinations - 2011


EU - 27 18.9%

Russia 15.9% Benin 10.9%

South Africa 9.9%

Angola 9.3%

Switzerland 6.3%

Chile 4.2%

Congo 3.7%

Saudi Arabia 3.5%Equatorial Guine 3.5%



EU - 2797.7%

Argentina 1.4%

South Africa 0.5%Other countries 0.5%


43

Coffee

Brazilian coffee consumption rose from 980 thousand tonnes (16.3

million 60 kilogram bags) in 2006 to 1.15 million tonnes in 2010

(19.1 million bags)6, an increase of 17.1% in the last five years. At

the same time, coffee beans exports went from 1.6 million tonnes

(24.6 million bags) to 1.9 million tonnes (29.9 million bags), + 21.5%.

Production attended to the increased domestic and international

demand, rising from 39.3 million bags in the 2004/2005 harvest to

48.1 million bags in the 2010/2011 harvest (+22.4%).

Between 2006 and 2011, the average international price of Brazilian

coffee beans increased from US$ 119 per bag to US$ 268 per bag.

Coffee international prices had a 124% rise in the last five years.

Therefore, the increase in exported quantities and in international

prices made the value of exports reach a US$ 8.7 billion record in

2011, a almost US$ 3.0 billion rise in foreign sales only last year or

a 51.5% increase.

Graph 4.9 (a)Coffee exports: 2006-2011 Subsectors (US$ millions)

Graph 4.9 (b)Coffee exports: 2006-2011 Subsectors (thousand tonnes)



3,364 3,892

4,763 4,279

5,765

8,733

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Others Soluble coffee Coffee beans (green and toasted)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Others Soluble coffee Coffee beans (green and toasted)

1,557 1,574 1,657

1,715 1,877 1,880

6 Data from the International Coffee Organization.


44

Coffee exports are concentrated in three major markets:

European Union (53.5%), United States (22.5%) and Japan

(8.4%). Consumption in these three markets accounted for

84.4% of the total coffee beans value exported by Brazil.

Soluble coffee sales are otherwise, more diversified. The main

consumer market is the European Union, with 16.9%. Other relevant

markets were: United States (14.6%), Russia (11.1%), Ukraine (7.6%),

Japan (5.9%), Argentina (5.4%) and South Korea (4.0%).

Graph 4.9 (d)Soluble coffee exports Main destinations - 2011

Graph 4.9 (c)Coffee beans exports (green and toasted) Main destinations - 2011



EU - 27 53.5%

United States 22.5%

Japan 8.4%

Canada 1.6%

South Korea 1.4%

Russia 1.4%Argentina 1.2%

Norway 1.2%

Mexico 0.9%

Syria 0.9%


EU - 27 16.9% United States 14.6%

Russia 11.1%

Ukraine 7.6%

Japan 5.9%

Argentina 5.4%

South Korea 4.0%

Canada 3.8%

Indonesia 3.6%

Chile 2.7%

Other countries24.4%


45

Corn

Brazilian corn production went from 42.5 million tonnes in the

2005/2006 harvest to 57.5 million tonnes in the 2010/2011 harvest,

a 35.3% increase over the past five years. Unlike soybean, most

of this production remains in the domestic market. The 3.9 million

tonnes exports in 2006 represented 9.2% of the total production

that year, while the 9.5 million tonnes shipped abroad in 2011

accounted for 16.5% of the total produced.

The expansion of the quantity shipped in the last five years

was one of the factors that allowed for the exports record in

2011. Corn exports went from US$ 460 million in 2006 to US$

2.6 billion in 2011 (+470%). Another reason that led to set

the exports record was the rise in corn international prices.

Between 2006 and 2011, international prices went from US$

117 per tonne to US$ 277 per tonne (+136%).

Graph 4.10 (a)Corn Exports: 2006-2011 (US$ millions)

Graph 4.10 (b)Corn Exports: 2006-2011 (thousand tonnes)


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

460

1,882

1,322 1,259

2,137

2,625

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,925

7,765

10,793

9,459

6,371

10,915


46

The main Brazilian corn importer was Iran, which purchased 20%

of all exports. Other importing markets were Taiwan (12.4%),

European Union (10.6%), Japan (8.6%), Algeria (7.3%), Morocco

(6.3%), Malaysia (6.0%), Egypt (5.1%) and Colombia (4.2%).

Graph 4.10 (c)Corn Exports Main Destinations - 2011


Iran 20.0% Taiwan 12.4%

EU - 27 10.6%

Japan8.6%

Algeria 7.3%

Morocco 6.3%

Malaysia 6.0%Egypt 5.1%

Colombia 4.2%

Saudi Arabia 4.1%

Other countries

15.3%


47

Tobacco and its products

Brazil exported US$ 2.9 billion in tobacco in 2011, of which 98%

represented non-manufactured tobacco. In other words, Brazil is

barely able to participate in exports of manufactured tobacco (this

includes cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos and manufactured tobacco

products), which totaled approximately US$ 14.1 billion in 2010.

Brazil had a market share of 26.4% of non-manufactured tobacco

global trade, which reached US$ 10.9 billion in 2010.

The exported amount of non-manufactured tobacco ranged from

a maximum of 710 thousand tonnes in 2007 to 546 thousand in

2011, 2010 being the year with the lowest amount exported by

Brazil in recent years, with 506 thousand tonnes. Export prices,

like other commodities, rose from US$ 2,993 per tonne to US$

5,395 per tonne in the last five years (+80.3%).

Graph 4.11 (a)Exports of Tobacco and its Products: 2006-2011 (US$ millions)

Graph 4.11 (b)Exports of Tobacco and its Products: 2006-2011 (thousand tonnes)

Source: AgroStat Brasil basend on data from SECEX/MDIC.Prepared by: MAPA/SRI/DPI.

0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,752

2,262

2,752

3,046

2,762 2,935

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

581

710 692 675

506 546

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800


48

Brazilian tobacco exports were directed to the following markets:

European Union (38.2%), China (12.9%), United States (9.4%),

Russia (6.5%), Indonesia (4, 6%), Paraguay (2.3%), South Korea

(2.1%) and Philippines (2.0%).

Graph 4.11 (c)Exports of Tobacco and its Products Main Destinations - 2011

MARCAÇÃO


EU - 27 38.2%

China 12.9%

United States 9.4%

Russia 6.5%

Indonesia 4.6%

Paraguay 2.3%

South Korea 2.1%

Philippines 2.0%

Ukraine 1.9%

Vietnam 1.7%

Other countries18.3%


49

Orange juice

Exports of orange juice from Brazil remained around 2 million tonnes

between 2007 and 2011, after reaching a level of 1.77 million in 2006.

Export prices, in turn, increased from US$ 829 per tonne in 2006 to

US$ 1,184 per tonne in 2011 (+42.9%). However, this rise in prices

was not linear. Between 2007 and 2009 there was a decline in the

product’s international prices, from US$ 1,090 per tonne to US$ 782

per tonne (-28.2%). This decrease had an impact on the total value of

exports, which in 2009 reached US$ 1.6 billion.

The orange juice concept employed includes frozen orange juice (HS-

200911), non-frozen orange juice, with Brix value less than or equal to

7 The participation in this case does not exclude the European Union’s intra-trade.

20 (HS-200912) and other unfermented orange juices (HS-020919).

Brazil had a 48.2% market share7 for frozen juice, and non-frozen

juice share drop to 19.7%, while in other types of orange juice drop

to 37.9%

An analysis of trade flows shows that countries such as

Belgium and Netherlands bought most of the frozen orange

juice (83.2%) exported by Brazil. At the same time, Belgium

is a major buyer and re-exporter of non-frozen orange juice,

importing 476 thousand tonnes in 2010 and re-exporting 493

thousand tonnes the same year.

Graph 4.12 (a)Orange Juice Exports: 2006-2011 (US$ millions)


Graph 4.12 (b)Orange Juice Exports: 2006-2011 (thousand tonnes)


1,469

2,252

1,997

1,619

1,775

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

2,376

1,600

1,650

1,700

1,750

1,800

1,850

1,900

1,950

2,000

2,050

2,100

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,772

2,066 2,054 2,069

1,978 2,007


50


MARCAÇÃO

The greatest share of Brazil’s orange juice exports is sent to

the European Union, which had a 65.9% participation in 2011.

Other relevant partners are: the United States (14.5%), Japan

(6.4%), China (4.8%), Switzerland (1.6%), Australia (1.4%) and

South Korea (1.4%).

Graph 4.12 (c)Orange Juice Exports Main Destinations - 2011

EU - 27 65.9%

United States14.5%

Japan 6.4%

China 4.8%

Switzerland 1.6%Australia 1.4%

South Korea 1.4%

Other countries4.1%


51

Cotton

Areas sown with cotton in Brazil totaled once 2.0 million hectares

in the early nineties. However, there was a reduction leading to a

minimum area used for the product in the 1996/1997 harvest, with

657 thousand hectares planted. In the last harvest, 2010/2011, the

planted area recovered strongly, reaching 1.4 million hectares, a

67.7% increase in the planted area in relation to the 2009/2010

harvest. Between the early 1990’s and 2010, Brazilian cotton

productivity rose from 1 tonne per hectare to 3.7 tonnes per

hectare. So, despite reduction in area, Brazilian cotton production

increased sharply, rising from 2 million tonnes in the early nineties

to 5.2 million tonnes in the 2010/2011 harvest. It should be pointed

out the strong growth in production between the 2009/2010 and

2010/2011 harvests, ranging from 3.0 million tonnes to 5.2 million

(+73%).

With production increment in the last harvest, non-carded

uncombed cotton Brazilian exports had a strong quantum

development, rising from 512.5 thousand tonnes in 2010 to 758.3

thousand tonnes in 2011 (+48%). Besides quantity elevation,

there was a sharp rise in international prices, which reached US$

2,096 per tonne of non-carded uncombed cotton, in 2011, a 30.8%

increase compared to 2010 prices and 88.8% rise in relation to the

Brazil almost doubled the value exported in cotton between 2010 and 2011.


52

Graph 4.13 (a)Cotton Exports: 2006-2011 (US$ millions)


Graph 4.13 (b)Cotton Exports: 2006-2011 (thousand tonnes)

2006 prices. The increase in the exported amount, as well as in

the product’s international prices allowed Brazil to export US$ 1.6

billion in 2011, a 93.5% increase compared to the US$ 822 million

exported in 2010.


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

341

507

696 685

822

1,591

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

0

307

419

533 505 513

759

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800


53

Brazilian cotton exports are heavily concentrated on Asia,

a continent with the world’s largest textile industry. Asia

imported 85.2% of all non-carded uncombed cotton sold abroad

by Brazil. Among Asian countries, the largest importer was

China, which purchased 35.8% of all cotton exported by Brazil.

Other than China, the following Asian countries stand out as

China 35.8%South Korea 13.0%

Indonesia 12.8%

Turkey 8.2%

Vietnam 4.7%

Malaysia 4.6%

Taiwan 3.8%

Pakistan 3.5%Thailand 3.0%

Japan 1.7%



importers of Brazilian cotton: South Korea (13.0%), Indonesia

(12.6%), Vietnam (4.7%), Malaysia (4.6%) Taiwan (3.8%),

Pakistan (3.5%), Thailand (3.0%) and Japan (1.7%). Turkey is

the only non-Asian country on the list of major Brazilian cotton

importers, having purchased 8.2% of total exports, due to its

important textile industry.

Graph 4.13 (c)Cotton Exports Main Destinations - 2011


54

Fruit

Brazilian fruit exports totaled US$ 941 million in 2011 (+3.8%).

The value of fruit exports from Brazil has fluctuated around

this figure since 2007. That year, they reached a maximum of

1.0 million tonnes, but shipped quantities dropped down every

year until reaching 749 thousand tonnes in 2011. The average

fruit export price however, has increased in recent years, from

US$ 808 per tonne in 2006 to US$ 1,255 per tonne, resulting in

maintenance of the value of exports.

The main product from fruits sector exported from Brazil was

cashew nut, which reached US$ 226.7 million in 2011, or 24.1% of

the total fruit exported from Brazi. The average cashew nut export

price was US$ 8,617 per tonne, well above the average price of

other exported fruit. This high added value fruit was responsible

for a 11.2% world market participation in 2010. The product export

market was dominated by two countries beyond Brazil, both

with higher participation. Vietnam, the main export, had a 42.6%

The main product from fruits sector exported

from Brazil was cashew nut, which reached US$

226.7 million in 2011.


55

share of cashew nuts exports, while India, the second largest

exporter, had a 27.4% share. Other fruits with strong participation

were Mango (US$ 140.9 million or 15.0% of total fruit exports),

Grape (US$ 135.8 million or 14.4% of total fruit exports) and

Melon (US$ 128.4 million or 13.6% of total fruit exports).

Brazil has a significant participation in these fruits’ international

market, with the following market share: fresh Mango (9.4%),

fresh Grape (2.2%) and Melon (8.3%).

Graph 4.14 (a)Fruit Exports (incl. Nuts and Chestnuts): 2006-2011 (US$ millions)

Graph 4.14 (b)Fruit Exports (incl. Nuts and Chestnuts): 2006-2011 (thousand tonnes)


739

968 1,033

871 906

941

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2006 2007 2008 2009 2011

Other products Other fresh fruits Melon Grape Mango

2010

Cashew nut


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

914

1,048 1,001

886 840

749

Other products Other fresh fruits Melon Grape Mango Cashew nut


56

Brazilian fresh fruit exports are directed primarily to the European

Union market, which was responsible for 81.6% of the total value

exported in 2011. The second main destination market for Brazilian

fresh fruit was the United States, with 10.2%. In addition to these

markets, two Mercosur countries are included in the list of the main

importing countries: Uruguay (1.7%) and Argentina (1.4%).

Cashew nuts exports have a similar concentration as that of

fresh fruit. Two markets alone have purchased more than 80%

of total exports. Unlike other fresh fruit, exports of cashew nuts

were concentrated in the U.S. market, with 62.8%. Moreover, the

European Union countries bought 20.0% of the amount exported,

followed by Canada with 6.2%.

Graph 4.14 (c)Fresh Fruit Exports Main Destinations - 2011

Graph 4.14 (d)Cashew Nuts Exports Main Destinations - 2011


EU - 27 81.6%

United States10.2%

Uruguay 1.7%

Canada 1.6%Argentina 1.4%Bangladesh 0.7%



United States 62.8%

EU - 27 20.0%

Canada 6.2%

Lebanon 2.8%

Mexico 1.7%Other countries 6.5%


57

Imports of Agricultural Products

Agricultural products imports reached US$ 11.6 billion in 2011,

a 29.7% increase compared to the amount imported in 2010

(US$ 9.0 billion). Between 2006 and 2011, agricultural products

purchases rose from US$ 4.5 billion to the aforementioned US$

11.6 billion, representing an average annual growth of 21.1%.

Imported and exported agricultural products prices have

increased, greatly contributing to the rise in the value of imports.

Wheat, for example, the main product purchased by Brazil abroad,

underwent a price increase of 32% last year and, between 2006

and 2011, the increment reached 110%.

The agricultural products import portfolio is very diversified, and

fourteen sectors represent the percentage of 70% in imports

total value. In contrast, in the case of exports, the sum of only four

sectors (soybean complex, sugar and ethanol, meat and coffee)

comprise almost 80% of exports value.

Among the main imported items, the following stand out: Wheat

(16%), Fish products (11%), Dairy products (5%) Beverages (5%),

Palm Oil (4%), Malt (4%), Fresh Fruit (4%) Ethanol (4%), Meat

(4%) and Cotton (3%).

Graph 4.15Main Products Share in Brazilian Agricultural Imports - 2011 (%)Total: US$ 11,63 billion


Wheat 22%

Fish products 10%

Beverages 6%

Malt 5%

Fresh fruits 4%

Rice 4%

Dairy products 3%

Olive oil 3%

Meat 3%

Cocoa and its products 3%

Animal feed preparations 2% Cotton 2%

Garlic 2% Dendê or Palm oil 2%

Wheat �our 1%

Ethanol 0.01%

Other products

28%


58

Table 4.2Main Brazilian Agricultural Products Imports

Continues

2010 2011 RELATIVE VARIATION %

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

AVE. PRICEUS$/t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

AVE. PRICEUS$/t

2010/2011

VALUE QUANT. AVE. PRICE

TOTAL 8,967,701,277 - - 11,630,021,920 - - 29.69 - -

Cereals, flours e preparations 2,829,513,413 9,480,661 298 3,328,390,119 8,978,060 371 17.63 -5.30 24.22

Wheat 1,528,251,906 6,323,206 242 1,832,276,566 5,740,451 319 19.89 -9.22 32.06

Malt 445,230,940 845,176 527 502,804,470 805,880 624 12.93 -4.65 18.44

Wheat flour 226,241,416 653,127 346 312,410,769 719,864 434 38.09 10.22 25.29

Rice 373,244,942 781,870 477 267,032,255 619,237 431 -28.46 -20.80 -9.67

Fish products 1,001,432,125 280,016 3,576 1,252,785,894 344,555 3.636 25.10 23.05 1.67

Fish 939,683,025 259,242 3,625 1,166,624,337 318,383 3.664 24.15 22.81 1.09

Fish preparations and preserves 44,888,176 16,039 2,799 62,103,020 20,736 2.995 38.35 29.28 7.01

Crustaceans and mollusks 16,860,924 4,735 3,561 24,058,537 5,436 4.425 42.69 14.82 24.28

Vegetables, roots and tubers 1,033,251,738 1,166,420 886 1,038,451,870 1,121,976 926 0.50 -3.81 4.48

Garlic 251,691,845 153,141 1,644 249,366,197 163,570 1.525 -0.92 6.81 -7.24

Prepared and preserved potatos 212,744,684 247,252 860 241,789,346 238,299 1.015 13.65 -3.62 17.92

Dry beans 125,484,467 178,015 705 147,420,703 205,979 716 17.48 15.71 1.53Prepared and preserved olives 126,085,898 84,810 1,487 122,316,738 93,198 1.312 -2.99 9.89 -11.72

Oil products (excl. soybean) 732,624,559 539,324 1,358 1,041,332,103 580,107 1.795 42.14 7.56 32.14Dende or Palm oil 304,097,751 332,606 914 522,902,761 369,871 1.414 71.95 11.20 54.63Olive oil 237,825,201 55,910 4,254 292,343,801 65,841 4.440 22.92 17.76 4.38


59

2010 2011 RELATIVE VARIATION %

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

AVE. PRICEUS$/t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

AVE. PRICEUS$/t

2010/2011

VALUE QUANT. AVE. PRICE

Fruits (incl. nuts and chestnuts) 608,965,624 480,789 1,267 836,110,717 620,764 1.347 37.30 29.11 6.34Fresh fruit 367,890,196 374,085 983 495,388,998 459,460 1.078 34.66 22.82 9.64

Pears 161,974,250 189,841 853 204,554,304 210,328 973 26.29 10.79 13.99Apples 60,046,723 76,879 781 84,486,234 96,565 875 40.70 25.61 12.02

Dairy products 330,305,351 113,120 2,920 609,117,032 166,685 3.654 84.41 47.35 25.15Beverages 444,951,255 175,403 2,537 589,367,367 216,450 2.723 32.46 23.40 7.34

Wine 251,591,302 75,345 3,339 294,722,950 77,644 3.796 17.14 3.05 13.68Whisky 92,558,307 19,828 4,668 115,563,695 23,639 4.889 24.86 19.22 4.73

Sugar and ethanol 39,279,092 59,689 658 433,945,788 473,674 916 1.004.78 693.57 39.22Ethanol 39,104,010 59,674 655 433,686,329 473,648 916 1.009.06 693.72 39.73

Meat 313,260,966 52,523 5,964 410,889,622 58,166 7.064 31.17 10.74 18.44Beef fresh 160,729,755 24,064 6,679 232,482,231 28,162 8.255 44.64 17.03 23.60Cotton 68,499,415 39,268 1,744 390,143,759 144,244 2.705 469.56 267.33 55.05

Cocoa and its products 278,393,570 79,856 3,486 258,985,172 64,094 4.041 -6.97 -19.74 15.91Animal feed 187,952,088 119,250 1,576 223,479,170 125,052 1.787 18.90 4.87 13.39Sub-total 7,868,429,196 - - 10,412,998,613 - - 32.34 - -Other products 1,099,272,081 - - 1,217,023,307 - - 10.71 - -

Source: AgroStat Brasil based on data from SECEX/MDIC.

Continued

Prepared by: MAPA/SRI/DPI.


60

Wheat

The domestic demand for wheat reached 11.6 million tonnes

in 2011, considering domestic consumption as imports plus

domestic production. Domestic production totaled 5.9 million

tonnes in the 2010/2011 harvest, a 17.2% increase compared

to the 2009/2010 harvest, and 2011 imports reached 5.7 million

tonnes (-9 2%). The wheat domestic production record made it

possible to reduce international purchases to 5.7 million tonnes,

the second lowest wheat import in five years.

Despite the decline in the imported quantity, the rise in the

average price of imported wheat to US$ 319.2 per tonne

in 2011, a record high since 2008 (US$ 310.6 per tonne), resulted

in imports of US$ 1.8 billion in 2011.

Graph 4.16 (a)Wheat Imports: 2006-2011 (US$ millions)

Graph 4.16 (b)Wheat Imports: 2006-2011 (thousand tonnes)


989

1,392

1,874

1,209

1,528

1,832

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,531 6,638

6,034

5,446

6,323

5,740

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000


61

Brazilian wheat imports are concentrated in Mercosur partners,

especially Argentina, which accounted for 80.8% of the value

exported in wheat to Brazil in 2011. In addition to Argentina,

Uruguay and Paraguay were also major suppliers, with 11.6% and

5.2% of the value imported by Brazil, respectively.

Graph 4.16 (c)Wheat Imports Main Suppliers - 2011


Argentina 80.8%

Uruguay 11.6%

Paraguay 5.2%

United States 1.6%



62

Fish products

Fish products imports have been growing continuously in recent

years, from 180 thousand tonnes in 2006 to 345 thousand tonnes

in 2011. This is a 91.7% expansion of the imported quantity in the

last five years. With this expansion the purchases value rose from

US$ 445 million in 2006 to US$ 1.3 billion in 2011 (+ 181.6%).

The species with the highest share in the import portfolio in 2011

were cod (US$ 345.4 million or 27.6% of total imports) and salmon

(US$ 219.4 million with 17.5% of total imports). The share of other

fishes, imported as fresh or chilled fish fillets, reached 32.5% of

imports or US$ 407.3 million.

Graph 4.17 (a)Fish Products Imports – 2006-201 (US$ millions)

Graph 4.17 (b)Fish Products Imports – 2006-201 (thousand tonnes)


445

562

683 715

1,001

1,253

0

200

400

600

800

1.000

1.200

1.400

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

180

210 218 240

280

345

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400


63

Chile was the main supplier of fish products to Brazil with a share of

22.7%, followed by China, with 18,7% and Norway with 17.7%. Two

of them (China and Norway) were also the world’s largest suppliers of

fish products. Besides these countries, other suppliers to Brazil were

Argentina (12.5%), European Union (11.1%), Vietnam (5.5%), Uruguay

(3.2%), Ecuador (2, 4%), Thailand (1.5%) and Morocco (1.1%).


Chile 22.7%

China 18.7% Norway 17.7%

Argentina 12.5%

EU - 27 11.1%

Vietnam 5.5%

Uruguay 3.2% Ecuador 2.4%

Thailand 1.5%

Morocco 1.1%


Graph 4.17 (c)Fish Products Imports Main Suppliers - 2011


64

Dairy products

The Brazilian milk production grew from 25.4 billion liters in 2006

to 30.7 billion in 2010, according to the Municipal Livestock Survey

of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE, with

a 25.4% increase in total production or 3.9% per annum in the

period. At the same time, Brazilian production of industrialized

raw milk, cooled or not, increased from 16.6 billion liters in 2006

to 21.4 billion liters between October 2010 and September 2011,

according to the quarterly IBGE survey on milk. That is, an increase

of 28.7% in production of industrialized raw milk in the last five

years, or an annual rise of 5.2%.

Despite the rise in milk supply, domestic demand strong growth

has enabled the expansion on imports of various dairy products.

International purchases of powdered milk rose from US$ 172.9

million in 2010 to US$ 335.3 million in 2011 (+93.9%), or 55.1% of

all dairy products bought from abroad. In addition to the powdered

milk purchases, there was a consistent expansion in the demand

for cheese, which rose from US$ 103.3 million in 2010 to US$ 205.3

million in 2011 (+98.7%), or 33.7% of total imports of dairy products.

Thus, dairy products imports reached US$ 609 million in 2011, a

84.4% rise compared to US$ 330 million acquired in 2010.


65

The rise in acquisitions of dairy products elevated significantly the

sector’s deficit, ranging from US$ 179.7 million in 2010 to US$

494.3 million in 2011. It should be noted, however, that in 2008

the sector produced a surplus of US$ 328.4 million, with exports

of US$ 541.6 million and imports of US$ 213.2 million. Three years

later, exports dropped to US$ 121.8 million, while imports reached

the figure of US$ 609 million.

Graph 4.18 (a)Dairy Products Imports – 2006-2011 (US$ millions)

Graph 4.18 (b)Dairy Products Imports – 2006-2011 (thousand tonnes)


155 152

213

265

330

609

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

94

64

78

133

113

167

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180


66

The main dairy products suppliers to Brazil were two Mercosur

partners, Argentina and Uruguay. The two countries were the

main suppliers of powdered milk with 95% of the total, and also

major suppliers of imported cheese, with 87.5% of total imports.

Other suppliers were the European Union (6.0%), Chile (3.0%)

and U.S. (1.1%).

Graph 4.18 (c)Dairy Products Imports Main Suppliers - 2011


Argentina 58.4%

Uruguay 30.8%

EU - 27 6.0%Chile 3.0%

United States 1.1%



67

Palm Oil

The Brazilian production of palm oil raised from 190 thousand

tonnes in 2006 to 275 thousand tonnes in 20118, corresponding

to a 44.7% expansion over the past five years. Despite domestic

production growth, Brazilian consumption has developed even

more, paving the way for the imports increase.

In the period under analysis, imports of palm oil rose from 147

thousand tonnes to 370 thousand tonnes, corresponding to an

absolute rise of 223 thousand tonnes in the last five years, or a

151.7% expansion of the imported quantity. This imported amount

totaled US$ 522.9 million in 2011. At the same time as imports

rose, palm oil exports reached US$ 61.4 million in 2011, with 52

thousand tonnes sold abroad. The difference between imports

and exports resulted in a trade deficit of US$ 461.5 million in 2011.

The Brazilian production of palm oil raised from

190 thousand tonnes in 2006 to 275 thousand

tonnes in 2011.

8 Source: US Department of Agriculture.


68

It’s important to mention that the global trade of palm oil reached

US$ 28.5 billion in 2010, turning the agricultural product one of the

most important in world trade. Moreover, although Brazil has the

adequate weather conditions to supply the domestic market and

to obtain a significant market share in world trade, it presented

a trade deficit of nearly half a billion dollars on imports of the

product, as mentioned before.

Graph 4.19 (a)Dendê or Palm Oil Imports – 2006-2011 (US$ millions)

Graph 4.19 (b)Dendê or Palm Oil Imports – 2006-2011 (thousand tonnes)


74

132

297

197

304

523

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

147

186

262 258

333

370


69

Indonesia is the largest producer of palm oil in the world, with a

production of 25.4 million tonnes in 2011, or approximately 50%

of world production. The second largest producer, Malaysia, had a

37% participation in world production. These major producers are

Brazil’s main suppliers. Indonesia provided around 65.4% of all

the palm oil purchased by Brazil, while Malaysia exported 23.3%

of Brazil’s imports. Besides these two countries, attention should

be drawn to Colombia’s share of 8.8%.


Indonesia 65.4%

Malaysia 23.3%

Colombia 8.8%

Singapore 1.6%



Graph 4.19 (c)Dendê or Palm Oil Imports Main Suppliers - 2011

5Agricultural Foreign Trade - Countries and Economic Blocs

Agricultural Foreign Trade - Countries and Economic BlocsBrazilian Agricultural Foreign Trade - Main Markets and Products - 2012 Edition

72

5. Agricultural Foreign Trade - Countries and Economic Blocs

Exports by Countries

China became the largest importer of Brazilian

agricultural products in 2008, and in 2011

it accounted for 18% of Brazil’s agricultural

exports. After China, the main partners

include the Netherlands (6.3%), United

States (5.5%), Russia (4.9%) and Japan (4%).

Between 2006 and 2011, agricultural

exports average variation for the ten main

partners increased at rates exceeding

10%, except for the Netherlands (8.6%),

United States (6.8%) and Russia (5.1%).

The greatest increase happened from

2009, after the world economical crisis,

when international prices resumed growth

and reached unprecedented figures in

2011. In some cases, value of exports

nearly doubled from 2009 to 2011, as for

China and Japan.

Table 5.1 Brazilian agricultural products exports – main countries

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Var. % Annual

average Share 2011 (%)VALUEUS$

VALUEUS$

VALUEUS$

VALUEUS$

VALUEUS$

VALUEUS$

TOTAL 36,936,099 44,888,446 58,361,879 54,831,006 63,750,591 81,425,457 17.13 -China 2,803,501 3,579,478 6,695,667 7,430,030 9,338,735 14,621,214 39.14 18.0%

Netherlands 3,399,229 4,578,682 5,482,393 4,362,097 4,300,211 5,143,636 8.64 6.3%

United States 3,193,908 3,043,572 3,435,106 2,627,363 3,056,086 4,440,331 6.81 5.5%

Russia 3,124,929 3,362,436 4,155,595 2,769,095 4,038,708 4,016,306 5.15 4.9%

Japan 1,177,953 1,472,182 2,144,376 1,606,188 2,115,679 3,233,175 22.38 4.0%

Germany 1,815,015 2,110,631 2,771,925 2,506,734 2,419,172 3,141,720 11.60 3.9%

Saudi Arabia 816,741 953,482 1,392,791 1,478,585 1,926,232 2,387,615 23.93 2.9%

Spain 938,322 1,735,161 1,988,251 1,400,029 1,561,960 2,233,426 18.94 2.7%

Venezuela 518,145 946,294 2,216,379 1,441,438 1,998,328 2,177,040 33.25 2.7%

Belgium 1,167,385 1,685,931 1,898,244 1,848,385 1,714,859 2,123,171 12.71 2.6%

Sub-total 18,955,128 23,467,849 32,180,727 27,469,944 32,469,970 43,517,634 18.08 53.4%

Other countries 17,980,971 21,420,597 26,181,152 27,361,062 31,280,621 37,907,823 16.09 46.6%Source: AgroStat Brasil based on data from SECEX/MDIC.Prepared by: MAPA/SRI/DPI.

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food SupplyAgricultural Foreign Trade - Countries and Economic Blocs

73

China

China was Brazil’s largest agricultural

partner from 2008 to 2011. Brazilian

exports to China in 2011 reached US$

14.6 billion, coming from US$ 2.5

billion in 2006, the year when China

came fourth in the same ranking. The

exported amount increased 107%,

comparing 2011 figures with those of

2006, while the average variation in the

same period had a 17.7% rate. The main

product imported by China was soybean

grains (US$ 11 billion), and soybean

(grains, meal and oil) accounted for

80.2% of total agricultural exports to

China. Subsequently, the main products

exported were sugar (US$ 1.2 billion),

not carded or combed cotton (US$

569 million), fresh chicken meat (US$

423 million), unmanufactured tobacco

(US$ 380 million) and orange juice

(US$ 114 million).

Table 5.2Main brazilian agricultural products exports to China

2006 2011 Var. % Annual average (value)

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 2,803,501,360 - 14,621,213,816 - 39.14

Soybean 2,548,144,504 11,019,751 11,729,840,164 22,768,436 35.71

Sugar and ethanol 55,201,424 187,425 1,217,133,877 2,137,508 85.64

Fibers and wool 31,735,445 46,712 571,531,849 275,680 78.28

Meat 20,366,813 29,000 433,899,162 198,897 84.37

Tobacco and its products 77,610,730 16,961 379,963,967 52,932 37.39

Fruit juices 43,700,504 40,356 114,239,291 53,996 21.19

Other plant products 7,710,844 4,666 68,640,309 56,671 54.84

Oilseed products (excl. soybean) 174,742 30 50,669,912 144,945 210.79

Sub-total 2,784,645,006 - 14,565,918,531 - 39.22

Other products 18,856,354 - 55,295,285 - 24.01Source: AgroStat Brasil based on data from SECEX/MDIC.Prepared by: MAPA/SRI/DPI.

Graph 5.1Main brazilian agricultural products

exports to China 2011

Source: AgroStat Brasil based on data from SECEX/MDIC.Prepared by: CGOE/DPI/SRI/MAPA.

Sugar and ethanol 8.3%

Fibers and wool 3.9%

Meat 3.0%

Tabacco and its products

2.6%

Otherproducts

2.0%

Soybean 80.2%


74

Netherlands

Until 2007, the Netherlands ranked first

among importers of Brazilian agricultural

products. Since then, it has occupied

the second position. In 2011, the value

imported by the country was US$ 5.1

billion, an average annual growth of 8.6%

between 2006 and 2011. The soybean

products accounted for 45.8% of Brazil’s

agricultural exports, and this percentage

was comprised by 31.9% of soybean

meal, 13.8% of soybean grains and 0.1%

of soybean oil. Other relevant items in the

agricultural export portfolio were orange

juice (US$ 501.8 million), edible offal (US$

411.1 million), chicken meat (US$ 359.6

million), fresh fruit (US$ 251.4 million),

turkey meat (US$ 209.1 million), beef (US$

202.1 million), unmanufactured tobacco

(US$ 198.3 million), green coffee (US$

127.4 million), corn (US$ 109.6 million) and

ethanol (US$ 55.4 million).

Meat 23.0%

Fruit juices10.5%

Tobacco and its products 3.9%

Other products

11.4%

Soybean45.8%

Fruits (incl, nuts and chestnuts) 5.5%

Table 5.3Main brazilian agricultural products exports to the Netherlands


VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 3,399,228,780 - 5,143,636,241 - 8.64

Soybean 1,641,439,338 6,850,878 2,354,615,332 5,438,268 7.48

Meat 709,436,408 256,994 1,182,734,483 305,885 10.76

Fruit juices 337,338,936 407,335 538,986,511 497,647 9.83

Fruits (incl. nuts and chestnuts) 198,391,020 265,241 283,248,073 262,074 7.38


Sub-total 3,005,302,089 - 4,558,602,971 - 8.69

Other products 393,926,691 - 585,033,270 - 8.23Source: AgroStat Brasil based on data from SECEX/MDIC.Prepared by: CGOE/DPI/SRI/MAPA.

Graph 5.2Main brazilian agricultural products

exports to the Netherlands – 2011

Source: AgroStat Brasil based on data from SECEX/MDIC.Prepared by: CGOE/DPI/SRI/MAPA.


75

United States

Between 2007 and 2010, the United

States was Brazil’s fourth agricultural

trading partner in terms of values. In

2011, it rose one position and became

the third largest trading partner, with a

share of 5.5% in total exports, which

amounted to US$ 4.4 billion. The main

product imported by the country was

green coffee (US$ 1.8 billion), followed

by ethanol (US$ 421.5 million), orange

juice (US$ 344.2 million), sugar (US$


(US$ 274.7 million), beef (US$ 166.2

million), cashew nuts (US$ 142.3

million), essential oils (US$ 90.8 million),

cocoa products (US$ 84.1 million),

spices (US$ 79.5 million) and fresh fruit

(US$ 69.9 million)..

Graph 5.3Main agricultural products exports to

the United States (2011)


Coffee 43.0% Sugar and ethanol 16.4%

Fruit juices9.6%


Fruits (incl. nuts and chestnuts) 5.2%

Other products

19.6%

Table 5.4 Main brazilian agricultural products exports to the United States


VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 3,193,908,402 - 4,440,331,253 - 6.81

Coffee 613,853,757 299,670 1,908,397,162 413,239 25.46

Sugar and ethanol 971,704,418 1,611,677 729,992,033 838,361 -5.56

Fruit juices 264,924,296 326,584 427,820,748 421,689 10.06



Sub-total 2,312,190,415 - 3,572,089,733 - 9.09

Other products 881,717,987 - 868,241,520 - -0.31Source: AgroStat Brasil based on data from SECEX/MDIC.Prepared by: MAPA/SRI/DPI.


76

Russia

The annual average variation of agricultural

exports to Russia in the last six years was

5.1%, and the value of exports in 2011 was

US$ 4 billion. The agricultural portfolio was

concentrated in two sectors: sugar and

ethanol and meat. For both, the exported

quantity from 2006 to 2011 decreased,

although the value has grown, thanks to

rising prices of these products. In 2011, the

Russian health service suspended exports


Russia (2011)



Meat 40.0%


Coffee 4.6% Soybean 3.6% Other products 0.8%

of meat from three Brazilian states (Rio

Grande do Sul, Paraná and Mato Grosso)

and apply temporary restrictions to various

establishments. The meat volume shipped

in 2011 was 54.7% lower than the volume

exported in 2006. However, the increase

in international prices guaranteed an

average growth of exports value at 0.02%.

Raw sugar accounted for 45.5% of the

total exported to the country, and 99.3%

of sugar and ethanol sector, while beef

accounted for 25% of total exported and

63% of all meat. Thus, the main agricultural

products exported were sugar (US$ 1.8

billion), beef (US$ 1.1 billion), pork (US$


(US$ 190,5 million), soybean grains (US$

143.1 million) and chicken meat (US$

123.5 million).

Table 5.5 Main brazilian agricultural products exports to Russia


VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 3,124,928,565 - 4,016,306,391 - 5.15

Sugar and ethanol 1,294,973,217 4,346,110 1,856,251,118 3,275,089 7.47

Meat 1,606,367,282 795,176 1,607,975,472 434,740 0.02


Coffee 79,585,807 18,750 185,902,159 32,082 18.49

Soybean 0 0 143,077,645 270,104 -

Sub-total 3,096,281,367 - 3,983,748,610 - 5.17



77

Japan

In 2011, Japan was Brazil’s fifth trading

partner, reaching 4%, or US$ 3.2 billion of

total agricultural exports. From 2006 to 2011,

the average annual growth of exports was

22.4%, reaching 34.4% in the 2009/2011

triennium. Six products accounted for 80%

of the agricultural portfolio: chicken meat

(37.7% or US$ 1.3 billion), green coffee (19%

or US $ 669.6 million), soybean grains (7.2%

or US$ 253.8), corn (6.4% or US$ 225.6

million), ethanol (5.2% or US$ 183.1 million)

and orange juice (4.3% or US$ 152 million).


Japan (2011)

Table 5.6 Main brazilian agricultural products exports to Japan


VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 1,177,953,335 - 3,233,175,170 - 22.38

Meat 503,022,515 328,472 1,360,078,594 451,865 22.01

Coffee 312,104,296 130,991 733,412,319 144,487 18.63

Soybean 59,534,050 271,238 344,331,354 774,860 42.05

Cereals, flours and preparations 3,208,100 1,606 228,518,822 735,923 134.71

Sugar and ethanol 102,381,567 198,171 198,589,741 239,319 14.17

Sub-total 980,250,528 - 2,864,930,830 - 23.92



Meat 42.1% Coffee 22.7%

Soybean 10.6%

Cereals. �ours and preparations 7.1%


Other products

11.4%


78

Germany

In 2000 Germany was the third largest

importer (in value) of Brazilian agricultural

products, accounting for 6.9% of total

exports. In 2006 it moved to the fifth

position, then descended to the sixth in

2011. The country’s share in this period

decreased relatively, while the value traded

increased from US$ 1.8 billion (4.9%) in

2006 to US$ 3.1 billion (3.9%) in 2011.

The main products in 2011 were the same

as in 2006: green coffee (US$ 1.6 billion),

soybean (US$ 763.7 million), meat (US$


(US$ 166.2 million), fresh fruit (US$ 30.1

million) and spices (US$ 30.8 million).


Germany (2011)


Coffee 53.7% Soybean 24.3%

Meat 10.5%


Other plant products 1.3%

Other products 4.7%

Table 5.7 Main brazilian agricultural products exports to Germany


VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 1,815,014,763 - 3,141,720,389 - 11.60

Coffee 656,566,825 312,148 1,688,219,517 364,540 20.79

Soybean 432,519,491 1,975,197 763,764,511 1,736,929 12.04

Meat 394,696,241 159,709 330,602,568 96,271 -3.48

Tobacco and its products 174,317,822 49,291 168,666,158 28,454 -0.66


Sub-total 1,684,052,683 - 2,993,010,621 - 12.19



79

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia’s share in Brazilian agricultural

exports had an average annual rate of

23.9% between 2006 and 2011. Until

2006, the country was Brazil’s 13th trading

partner in value of exports. In 2011, it

was the 7th partner, with a total of US$

2.3 billion traded. This increase in value of

imports was due to the purchase of other

agricultural products and also the rise

in prices and volume of some products

that Saudi Arabia already purchased from

Brazil, including green coffee, sugar,

corn and soybean grains. Chicken meat

was the main exported product (49.6%),

followed by raw sugar (18.7%), refined

sugar (8.2%), soybean grains (6.7%), beef

(5 6%), corn (4.4%), soybean meal (1.3%)

and wheat (1.2%).


Saudi Arabia (2011)

Table 5.8Main brazilian agricultural products exports to Saudi Arabia


VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 816,741,476 - 2,387,614,993 - 23.93

Meat 473,903,933 384,515 1,358,769,671 655,359 23.45

Sugar and ethanol 249,121,174 765,929 658,742,544 1,159,625 21.47

Soybean 74,743,291 369,780 195,432,873 407,300 21.20

Cereal, flours and preparations

1,873,740 11,663 139,503,139 461,026 136.80

Coffee 2,110,443 1,230 19,779,380 3,306 56.45

Sub-total 801,752,581 - 2,372,227,607 - 24.23



Meat 56.9% Sugar and

ethanol 27.6%

Soybean 8.2%


Other products 1.5%


80

Spain

In 2011, Spain was, in value, Brazil’s 8th

agricultural trading partner, importing a total

of US$ 2.5 billion (2.7%). The country was

the 11th in the same ranking in 2006, when

it imported US$ 938.3 million (2.5%). In

2011, soybean accounted for a large share

of the traded value: 64.5% (53.4% were

soybean grains, 10.1% soybean meal and

1.1% soybean oil). Green coffee accounted

for 10.2% of total sales, and raw sugar

accounted for 8%. The main types of meat

exported to the country were chicken (2%),

beef (1.7%) and turkey (1.6%). Corn, fresh

fruit, fish and rice accounted for 8.5% of

all exports.


Spain (2011)Soybean 64.5%

Coffee10.3%

Sugar and ethanol

8.2% Meat 5.4% Cereals. �ours and

preparations5.1%

Other products

6.6%


Table 5.9 Main brazilian agricultural products exports to Spain


VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 938,321,765 - 2,233,426,160 - 18.94

Soybean 485,713,178 2,134,134 1,441,206,089 3,001,908 24.30

Coffee 94,393,266 46,904 229,184,387 51,202 19.41


Meat 96,288,890 47,172 120,373,895 34,480 4.57

Cereal, flours and preparations 110,262,105 953,691 113,044,912 442,316 0.50

Sub-total 787,906,653 - 2,086,310,048 - 21.50

Other products 150,415,112 - 147,116,112 - -0.44



81

Venezuela

Between 2006 and 2011, Venezuela

climbed nine positions in the ranking

of importers of Brazilian agricultural

products. While in 2006, total imports

reached US$ 518.1 million (1.4%), in

2011 the amount was US$ 2.1 billion

(2.7%). The concentrated portfolio

was composed by six products that

accounted for 80% of all agricultural

products: sugar (24.1%), beef (17.3%),

live cattle (16.5%), chicken meat

(16,4%), preparations for making

beverages (3.4%) and seeds (2.6%).

Venezuela began to import green coffee

from Brazil on 2009 and since then

exports have had an average annual

growth of 24.5%.

Table 5.10Main brazilian agricultural products exports to Venezuela


VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 518,144,934 - 2,177,039,874 - 33.25

Meat 188,737,135 160,397 817,205,531 279,640 34.06


Live animal (excl. fish) 2,029,858 18 366,254,684 157,348 182.66

Beverages 39,232,323 5,561 77,191,891 4,951 14.49

Various food products 13,504,155 11,438 69,128,041 32,291 38.62

Sub-total 390,989,555 - 1,854,223,111 - 36.52



Venezuela (2011)Meat 37.5% Sugar and

ethanol 24.1%

Live animal (excl. �sh)

16.8% Beverages 3.5% Various food

products 3.2%

Other products

14.8%



82

Belgium

Agricultural exports to Belgium increased at

an average annual rate of 12.7% between

2006 and 2011. Sales rose from US$ 1.1

billion in 2006 to US$ 2.1 billion in 2011.

Three sectors accounted for 91.6% of total

exports in 2011: fruit juices (45.3%), coffee

(29.4%) and tobacco (19.9%). Orange juice

was the main product exported (US$ 959.2

million), followed by green coffee (US$ 611

million), unmanufactured tobacco (US$

359.5 million), soybean grains (US$ 42

million), soybean meal (US$ 26.1 million),

soluble coffee (US$ 13.9 million), chicken

meat (US$ 13.3 million) and corn (US$ 11.5

million). Ethanol value exports oscillated until

2005. In 2006 there was no exports and it

were resumed in 2007. Since then, there has

been a 103.2% average annual growth.


Belgium (2011)


Fruit juices 45.3% Coffee 29.4%


Soybean 3.2%Meat 1.5%

Other products

3.6%

Table 5.11Main brazilian agricultural products exports to Belgium


VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 1,167,384,942 - 2,123,171,117 - 12.71

Fruit juices 560,330,201 743,475 962,068,495 881,281 11.42

Coffee 154,365,037 70,090 624,958,452 134,752 32.27


Soybean 138,435,477 627,321 68,220,369 166,692 -13.20

Meat 28,529,335 13,252 31,515,183 9,093 2.01

Sub-total 1,143,357,771 - 2,046,334,894 - 12.35



83

Exports by Economic Blocs

Between 2006 and 2011, agricultural

exports to the main economic blocs

maintained a positive growth due to

the rising value of transactions and fast

growth in exports to new partners. The

greatest annual average variation occurred

in exports to Asia and the ALADI countries

(excluding Mercosur): 30.4% and 27.4%,

respectively. Asia was the destination

of 33.7% of agricultural exports in 2011,

followed by the European Union, which

imported 23.5%. Until 2008, the European

Union had the largest share in agricultural

exports among economic blocs. Between

2006 and 2011 trade with NAFTA and

Oceania, grew at a 7.6% average annual

rate. Middle East and Africa registered

an above 100% absolute growth in the

period, and participations of 10.4% and

10.3% respectively in 2011. Agricultural

exports to Mercosur increased from US$

648.9 million in 2006 to US$ 1.4 billion

in 2011, resulting in a 1.8% share in total

agricultural trade.

Table 5.12Brazilian agricultural products exports - main destinations by economic blocs

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Var. % Annual average

Share 2011 (%)VALUEUS$

VALUEUS$

VALUEUS$

VALUEUS$

VALUEUS$

VALUEUS$

TOTAL 36,936,099 44,888,446 58,361,879 54,831,006 63,750,591 81,425,457 17.13 -Asia (excl. Middle East) 7,274,825 9,022,423 14,452,585 17,284,403 20,035,584 27,440,767 30.41 33.7%European Union (EU27) 12,090,936 16,120,502 18,819,157 15,695,692 15,827,700 19,150,229 9.63 23.5%Middle East 4,038,539 4,579,839 4,973,176 5,726,794 7,562,793 8,477,807 15.99 10.4%Africa (excl. Middle East) 3,214,973 3,515,230 4,498,113 4,672,706 5,816,114 8,423,064 21.24 10.3%NAFTA 3,778,944 3,633,235 4,059,926 3,338,003 3,903,009 5,474,263 7.69 6.7%Eastern Europe 4,049,473 4,202,970 5,348,870 3,763,899 5,064,460 5,422,132 6.01 6.7%ALADI (excl. Mercosur) 1,229,603 1,741,427 3,314,229 2,415,121 3,427,065 4,131,219 27.43 5.1%Mercosur 648,925 828,548 1,046,421 938,221 1,195,444 1,438,288 17.25 1.8%Other Western Europe countries 468,842 556,850 739,864 643,966 830,357 1,103,090 18.66 1.4%Oceania 191,237 224,311 344,690 173,138 166,349 275,791 7.60 0.3%Other countries in Latin America 76,333 154,531 109,883 77,749 124,976 196,397 20.80 0.2%Other countries in America 44,179 93,816 179,743 64,288 63,798 72,655 10.46 0.1%



84

Asia

The Asian continent was the largest

importer of Brazilian agricultural products

between 2009 and 2011. In 2011, it

accounted for 33.7% of total exports.

Growth was driven by China, which

represented 53.3% of Asian imports

in 2011. The three main sectors of the

export portfolio were soybean (55.1%),

meat (14.1%) and sugar and ethanol

(12.7%). Together, these products

accounted for 81.9% of the total. The

main products exported were soybean

grains (US$ 12.7 billion), raw sugar

(US$ 2.9 billion), chicken meat (US$ 2.5

billion), not carded or combed cotton

(US$ 1,3 billion), soybean oil (US$ 1.1

billion), soybean meal (US$ 1.1 billion),

green coffee (US$ 839 million), corn

(US$ 835.7 million), unmanufactured

tobacco (US$ 794.4 million), beef (US$

783.1 million), pork (US$ 403.6 million),

ethanol (US$ 394.3 million) and orange

juice (US$ 315.2 million).

Table 5.13 Main brazilian agricultural products exports to Asia (excl. Middle East)

2006 2011

Var. % Annual average (value)VALUE

US$QUANT.

tVALUE

US$QUANT.

tTOTAL 7,274,824,748 - 27,440,766,767 - 30.41Soybean 3,605,665,082 15,641,631 15,131,073,652 29,780,042 33.22

Meat 1,329,798,680 1,035,931 3,860,253,742 1,527,487 23.76

Sugar and ethanol 935,174,930 2,731,723 3,493,449,932 5,942,187 30.16

Fibers and wool 275,481,826 266,990 1,370,801,640 666,342 37.84

Coffee 376,673,055 154,936 998,841,426 192,051 21.54

Cereals, flours and preparations 146,020,290 1,257,084 902,626,616 3,157,993 43.95


Fruit juices 176,265,599 156,996 354,155,181 160,654 14.98

Sub-total 7,079,171,883 - 26,905,725,110 - 30.61Other products 195,652,865 - 535,041,657 - 22.29



85

Graph 5.11 (a)Main agricultural products exports to Asia

(excl. Middle East) (2011)


Graph 5.11 (b)Main destinations of agricultural products in Asia



Soybean 55.1%

Meat14.1%

Sugar and ethanol12.7%


Coffee 3.6% Cereals. �ours and preparations 3.3%


Fruit juices 1.3%

Other products 1.9%

China 53.3%

Japan 11.8%

Hong Kong 6.3%

South Korea 4.7%

Thailand 4.5% Indonesia 3.6%

Malaysia 3.6%

Taiwan 3.4%



86

European Union

Half the agricultural exports to

the European Union in 2011 were

concentrated in two sectors: soybean

(36.2%) and coffee (23%). The main

products exported to the bloc were

green coffee (US$ 4.2 billion), soybean

meal (US$ 4 billion), soybean grains

(US$ 2.7 billion), orange juice (US$ 1.5

billion), unmanufactured tobacco (US$

1.1 billion), sugar (US$ 833.5 million),

beef (US$ 812.6 million), chicken meat

(US$ 726.2 million), fresh fruit (US$

517.7 million), turkey meat (US$ 297

million) and corn (US$ 278.8 million).

In 2008, the European Commission

Directive 2008/61/EC limited the number

of properties able to export beef to the

bloc, so that in 2008 the volume of

shipments fell 53.1%. Between 2008

and 2011, the exported quantity of beef

decreased by a 8.7% average annual

rate, while the value of total exports

grew 4.1% on average during the same

period. Although the value of exports has

resumed growth, it has not yet reached

the values exported in 2007.

Table 5.14Main brazilian agricultural products exports to the EU-27

2006 2011Var. % Annual average

(value)VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 12,090,936,288 - 19,150,229,342 - 9.63Soybean 4,349,318,989 19,060,092 6,924,187,172 15,764,783 9.75Coffee 1,866,916,722 892,057 4,406,566,300 956,150 18.74Meat 2,476,127,130 974,181 2,480,226,939 648,236 0.03Fruit juices 970,413,626 1,210,648 1,618,312,168 1,435,279 10.77Tobacco and its products 786,058,089 238,858 1,121,111,264 208,364 7.36Sugar and ethanol 383,477,623 873,813 900,421,269 1,402,302 18.62Fruits (incl. nuts and chestnuts) 432,664,149 647,288 579,444,442 555,959 6.02Cereals, flours and preparations 141,807,221 1,161,876 334,965,188 1,245,030 18.76Sub-total 11,406,783,549 - 18,365,234,742 - 9.99Other products 684,152,739 - 784,994,600 - 2.79



87

Graph 5.12 (a)Main agricultural products exports to the EU - 27 (2011)


Graph 5.12 (b)Main destinations of agricultural products in the EU - 27 (2011)


Soybean 36.2% Coffee 23.0%

Meat 13.0%

Fruit juices8.5%


Sugar and ethanol 4.7% Fruits (incl. nuts and chestnuts) 3.0%


Other products 4.1%

Netherlands 26.9%

Germany 16.4%

Spain 11.7%

Belgium11.1%

United Kingdom

7.5%

France 7.2%

Italy 6.9% Portugal 2.2%



88

Middle East

Agricultural exports to the Middle East

increased 110% from 2006 to 2011, with

a 15.9% average variation. The portfolio

was mainly composed by meat (45.5%)

and sugar and ethanol products (32.1%).

Meat exports grew on average 25.3% per

annum over the analyzed period. In 2011

exports totaled US$ 2.6 billion in chicken

meat, US$ 1.1 billion in beef and US$

32.3 million in other meat, edible offal and

preparations. There were US$ 15.6 million

in pork exports and US$ 10.8 million in

turkey meat. In 2010 and 2011, sugar was

the only product exported from sugar

and ethanol products. Corn was the main

cereal exported, with 8.2% of the total

(US$ 696.6 million), followed by wheat

(US$ 101.7 million) with 1.2% of the total in

2011. Green coffee (US$ 184.4 million), live

cattle (US$ 75.5 million), unmanufactured

tobacco (US$ 58.6 million), soluble coffee

(US$ 41.1 million) and orange juice (US$

24.8 million) can also be highlighted among

agricultural exports to the Middle East.

Table 5.15Main brazilian agricultural products exports to the Middle East

2006 2011


US$QUANT.

tVALUE

US$QUANT.

tTOTAL 4,038,539,057 - 8,477,806,883 - 15.99Meat 1,244,419,187 947,953 3,855,423,566 1,640,602 25.38Sugar and ethanol 1,521,575,105 4,449,789 2,725,185,805 4,694,747 12.36Cereals, flours and preparations 225,011,243 1,914,781 805,346,197 2,844,350 29.05Soybean 803,049,065 2,810,188 613,711,720 1,207,896 -5.24Coffee 79,309,355 44,278 225,610,159 59,363 23.26Live animals (excl. fish) 72,275,201 95,075 72,559,120 32,871 0.08Tobacco and its products 21,123,530 10,508 61,541,522 13,933 23.85Fruit juices 25,539,243 20,883 25,754,696 11,829 0.17Sub-total 3,992,301,929 - 8,385,132,785 - 16.00Other products 46,237,128 - 92,674,098 - 14.92



89

Graph 5.13 (a)Main agricultural products exports to the

Middle East (2011)


Graph 5.13 (b)Main destinations of agricultural products in the

Middle East (2011)


Meat 45.5%



Live animals (excl. �sh) 0.9%


Fruit juices 0.3%

Other products 1.1%

Sugar and ethanol 32.1% Saudi

Arabia 28.2% Iran 25.0%

United Arab Emirates

17.5%

Iraq 4.6%

Israel 4.4%

Syria 4.1%

Kuwait 3.8%

Yemen 3.6% Lebanon 3.3%

Jordan 2.0%

Saudi Arabia 3.5%


90

Africa

Agricultural exports to Africa rose 21.2%

on average from 2006 to 2011. Exports

value increased from US$ 3.2 billion in

2006 to US$ 8.4 billion in 2011. In 2011,

Africa was the fourth destination for

Brazilian agricultural products. The most

important sectors in exports were sugar

and ethanol (52.9%), meat (18.2%)

and cereals (17.8%). The main products

exported were sugar (US$ 4.4 billion),

chicken meat (US$ 689.1 million), beef

(US$ 608.6 million), corn (US$ 534.3

million), wheat (US$ 492 million),

soybean oil (US$ 427 million), rice (US$

385 million), unmanufactured tobacco

(US$ 133.4 million), pork (US$ 87.8

million), turkey meat (US$ 75.6 million)

and ethanol (US$ 59.7 million).

Table 5.16Main brazilian agricultural products exports to Africa (excl.Middle East)


(value)VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 3,214,973,297 - 8,423,064,058 - 21.24Sugar and ethanol 1,807,969,077 5,414,806 4,454,411,783 7,348,662 19.76

Meat 873,552,700 697,204 1,530,996,484 784,866 11.88

Cereal, flours and preparations 95,942,290 469,660 1,498,965,940 4,479,446 73.28

Soybean 116,698,747 324,026 447,689,498 390,292 30.85


Coffee 24,955,775 12,154 71,058,395 19,633 23.28


Fibers and wool 1,298,467 1,137 35,484,914 13,662 93.79

Sub-total 3,070,764,833 - 8,231,690,132 - 21.80



91

Graph 5.14 (a)Main agricultural products exports to Africa



Graph 5.14 (b)Main destinations of agricultural products in Africa




Meat 18.2%


Soybean 5.3%


Coffee 0.8%

Various food products 0.7%


Other products 2.3%

Egypt 22.3%

Algeria 16.8% Nigeria 10.1%

Morocco 8.7%

Angola 7.9%

South Africa 6.7%

Gana 4.1%

Tunisia 3.9%

Senegal 2.2%

Mauritania 1.8%



92

Nafta

Exports to NAFTA were destined mostly

to the United States (81.1%), followed

by Canada (14.4%), Mexico (3.5%)

and Puerto Rico (1%). The portfolio

included several products, 58.1% of

which consisted on green coffee (US$

2 billion), raw sugar (US$ 852.6 million)

and ethanol (US$ 441.6 million). Ethanol

exports have been declining since 2006

at a 13.5% annual average rate, as well

as meat (-8.4%), cocoa butter or oil

(-10%) and fish (-9.4%). Orange juice

exports grew 7.8% on average between

2006 and 2011. Cashew nuts (US$ 160.2

million), spices (US$ 92.6 million) and

fresh fruit (US$ 75 million) accounted,

together, for 6% of total agricultural

exports to NAFTA in 2011.

Table 5.17 Main brazilian agricultural products exports to NAFTA


(value)VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 3,778,943,679 - 5,474,262,760 - 7.69Coffee 674,964,958 329,810 2,137,043,676 469,455 25.92

Sugar and ethanol 1,234,719,560 2,449,662 1,294,236,504 1,789,825 0.95

Fruit juices 287,334,700 352,181 450,669,748 432,820 9.42



Meat 326,039,100 94,037 210,778,283 27,562 -8.35


Cocoa and its products 198,978,237 68,264 117,588,465 24,800 -9.99

Sub-total 3,345,169,999 - 4,944,380,273 - 8.13



93

Graph 5.15 (a)Main agricultural products exports to NAFTA (2011)

Graph 5.15 (b)Main destinations of agricultural products to NAFTA (2011)



Coffee 39.0% Sugar and ethanol23.6%

Fruit juices 8.2%


Fruits (incl. nuts and chestnuts) 4.7%

Meat 3.9% Other plant products 3.4%

Cocoa and its products 2.1%

Other products 9.7%

United States 81.1%

Canada 14.4% Mexico 3.5%

Puerto Rico 1.0%


94

Eastern Europe

Trade with Eastern Europe grew 6%

on average from 2006 to 2011. Only

Russia in this region accounted for

74.1% of the total traded. Exports of

raw sugar exceeded the meat exported

value and in 2011 ranked first with US$

2 billion. Beef (US$ 1.1 billion), pork

(US$ 656.8 million) and chicken (US$

215.8 million) were the main meat

exported. Regarding soybean, meal

(US$ 240 million) and grains (US$ 165

million) were the products that stood

out. Confectionery products exports

grew on average 2.4% over the past

six years.

Table 5.18Main agricultural products exports to Eastern Europe


(value)VALUE QUANT. VALUE QUANT.US$ t US$ t

TOTAL 4,049,473,004 - 5,422,131,703 - 6.01Sugar and ethanol 1,401,516,031 4,682,311 2,108,673,796 3,728,350 8.51

Meat 2,110,594,285 1,151,383 2,045,952,998 618,883 -0.62


Soybean 84,801,292 429,507 405,006,621 955,528 36.71

Coffee 157,187,736 37,123 320,574,918 52,209 15.32



Other animal products 5,840,963 9,278 8,768,834 4,288 8.47

Sub-total 4,025,054,355 - 5,406,099,549 - 6.08Other products 24,418,649 - 16,032,154 - -8.07



95

Graph 5.16 (b)Main destinations of agricultural products in

Eastern Europe (2011)

Graph 5.16 (a)Main agricultural products exports to Eastern Europe (2011)



Meat 37.7%



Other products 0.3%

Russia 74.1%

Ukraine 6.6%

Romania 6.2%

Poland 3.7% Georgia 2.6%

Albania 1.2%




96

Aladi

Agricultural exports to the Latin American

Integration Association (ALADI), not

considering Mercosur, had a 27,4%

average growth for the last six years. A

rate that ranked second after the asian

exports growth rate. This growth followed

Venezuelan demand for agricultural

products. In the bloc, Venezuela

accounted for 52.7% of total imports

in 2011. The export portfolio for ALADI

was less concentrated compared to

other economic blocs. Beef (US$ 602.3

million), raw sugar (US$ 530.2 million),

chicken meat (US$ 433.3 million), live

cattle (US$ 359.6 million), corn (US$

228.4 million) and soybean meal (US$ 227.7

million) accounted for 57.6% of the total.

The average growth of exports of some

products from 2006 to 2011 was greater

than 100%, as in the case of live cattle

(141.7%), corn (139.2%) and pork (107.7%).

Table 5.19Main brazilian agricultural products exports to ALADI (excl.Mercosur)

2006 2011


US$QUANT.

tVALUE

US$QUANT.

tTOTAL 1,229,603,074 - 4,131,218,896 - 27.43Meat 268,992,194 225,411 1,177,462,874 408,362 34.35Sugar and ethanol 289,439,982 664,004 729,113,435 1,172,902 20.29Soybean 91,333,961 414,548 419,339,587 721,639 35.64Live animal (excl. fish) 4,613,694 92 380,490,924 157,495 141.69Cereal, flours and preparations 35,122,159 84,306 337,004,969 1,006,879 57.18

Coffee 44,916,799 23,005 219,607,030 60,283 37.36Beverages 94,210,057 30,233 167,601,829 51,865 12.21


Sub-total 888,875,570 - 3,570,984,440 - 32.07Other products 340,727,504 - 560,234,456 - 10.46



97

Graph 5.17 (a)Main agricultural products exports to ALADI

(excl. Mercosur) (2011)

Graph 5.17 (b)Main destinations of agricultural products in ALADI

(excl. Mercosur) (2011)



Meat 28.5% Sugar and ethanol 17.6%

Soybean 10.2%

Live animal (excl. �sh) 9.2%


Coffee 5.3% Beverages 4.1%

Other plant products3.4%

Other products13.6%

Venezuela 52.7%

Chile 11.7%

Colombia 10.3%

Cuba 9.3%

Peru 4.9% Mexico 4.7%

Bolivia 4.1%

Ecuador 2.4%


98

Mercosur

Mercosur was the destination of 1.8%

or US$ 1.4 billion of Brazilian agricultural

exports in 2011. The main products

purchased by the bloc were pork (US$

181.5 million), green coffee (US$ 95.6

million), sugar (US$ 95.4 million),

unmanufactured tobacco (US$ 76.4

million), chocolate and food preparations

containing cocoa (US$ 59.9 million), mate

(US$ 54.5 million), pet foods (US$ 54.3

million), confectionery products (US$ 51.7

million), cocoa powder (US$ 48.7 million)

and soluble coffee (US$ 48.5 million).

Together, these products accounted for

53.3% of the total exports and Argentina

alone answered for 52% of this amount.

The three main agricultural products

imported by Argentina were fresh pork

(US$ 115.2 million), green coffee (US$

91.5 million) and cocoa powder (US$ 44.3

million). Among Paraguay’s imports, the

main products were unmanufactured

tobacco (US$ 67.3 million), cereal seed

(US$ 34 million) and other pet foods (US$

30.3 million). Among Uruguay’s imports,

the three main agricultural products

were mate (US$ 54.1 million), fresh pork

(US$ 43.3 million) and refined sugar (US$

32.3 million).

Table 5.20Main brazilian agricultural products exports to Mercosur


(value)VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

VALUEUS$

QUANT.t

TOTAL 648,924,709 - 1,438,288,364 - 17.25Meat 67,899,185 37,130 219,810,898 75,461 26.48Cocoa and its products 88,543,205 38,145 183,176,832 39,491 15.65Coffee 73,640,415 35,413 147,234,940 37,158 14.86Tobacco and its products 30,690,466 11,246 112,187,913 26,206 29.60Sugar and ethanol 21,714,423 63,243 106,667,648 162,400 37.49Other plant products 41,701,127 39,882 104,975,378 47,819 20.28Various food products 44,906,867 30,916 86,338,135 37,733 13.97Beverages 47,463,249 48,805 63,550,543 58,035 6.01Sub-total 416,558,937 - 1,023,942,287 - 19.71Other products 232,365,772 - 414,346,077 - 12.26



99

Graph 5.18 (a)Main agricultural products exports to Mercosur (2011)

Graph 5.18 (b)Main destinations of agricultural products in Mercosur (2011)



Meat 15.3% Cocoa and its

products 12.7%

Coffee 10.2%

Tobacco and its

products 7.8%


Other plant products 7.3%


Beverages 4.4%

Other products 28.8%

Argentina 52.0%

Paraguay 24.9% Uruguay 23.0%


100

Oceania

Australia was the destination for 0.3%

of Brazilian agricultural exports in 2011.

However, among the Oceania countries,

it was responsible for 74.3% of imports.

Therefore, the bloc’s participation in

agricultural exports in 2011 was similar

to the Australian participation (0.3%)

totaling US$ 275.8 million. This amount

was obtained after a 7.6% annual average

growth after 2006. The portfolio includes

products such as green coffee (US$ 65.8

million), raw sugar (US$ 60.2 million)

and unmanufactured tobacco (US$ 38.3

million), which together accounted for

59.6% of the total exports. There were

also orange juice (US$ 38.3 million),

jellies (US$ 11 million), ethanol (US$ 9.9

million) and refined soybean oil (US$ 7.2

million). The main meat types exported

were chicken (US$ 6 million) and beef

(US$ 2.3 million).

Table 5.21Main brazilian agricultural products exports to Oceania

2006 2011


US$QUANT.

tVALUE

US$QUANT.

t

TOTAL 191,237,008 - 275,791,192 - 7.60

Sugar and ethanol 293,073 772 71,585,330 125,635 200.31

Coffee 23,842,026 9,017 67,631,738 12,888 23.19

Fruit juices 30,334,787 29,983 39,610,376 19,891 5.48


Other animal products 7,649,207 2,697 15,514,462 2,442 15.19

Soybean 93,885,670 436,072 11,265,077 9,973 -34.56

Meat 5,156,018 3,669 8,649,262 3,500 10.90


Sub-total 176,870,631 - 260,075,310 - 8.02



101

Graph 5.19 (a)Main agricultural products exports to Oceania (2011)

Graph 5.19 (b)Main destinations of agricultural products in Oceania (2011)



Sugar and ethanol 26.0% Coffee 24.5%

Fruit juices 14.4%


Other animal products 5.6%

Soybean 4.1% Meat 3.1%


Other products 5.7%

Australia 74.3%

New Zealand 22.0% New Caledonia 2.1%



102

Brazilian Imports by Countries

Agricultural imports have grown on

average 21.1% over the past six years. In

2011, Brazil imported US$ 11.6 billion, and

Argentina was responsible for 35.5% of

this value, followed by the United States

(10%), Uruguay (8.5%), China (5.5%)

and Chile (5.5%). Agricultural imports

from China e the United States have

had, respectively, a 49,6% and a 35,2%

expansion on average, since 2006. The

products imported from the five main

partners in 2011 were: from Argentina,

wheat (35.9%), wheat flour (7.1%) and

malt (4.9%); from the United States,

ethanol (33.1%), not carded or combed

cotton, (30%) and food products (6.6%);

from Uruguay, wheat (21.4%), malt

(21.1%) and powdered milk (14.1%); from

China, fish (35.2%), garlic (15.9%) and pet

foods (10.3%); and from Chile, salmon

(34.2%), wine (13.4%) and nuts (5.6%).

Table 5.22 Main agricultural products imports - by country

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Var. % Annual average

Share 2011 (%)VALUE

US$VALUE

US$VALUE

US$VALUE

US$VALUE

US$VALUE

US$TOTAL 4,467,050 6,015,899 8,055,631 7,167,576 8,967,701 11,630,022 21.09 -Argentina 1,935,607 2,569,839 3,158,660 2,501,965 3,053,388 4,123,964 16.33 35.5%United States 257,152 380,230 659,933 354,159 535,733 1,160,627 35.18 10.0%Uruguay 314,497 405,350 531,169 805,555 967,321 989,798 25.77 8.5%China 85,695 115,412 301,479 238,998 482,052 641,433 49.57 5.5%Chile 235,075 291,715 360,148 424,201 575,121 637,810 22.09 5.5%Paraguay 219,350 322,764 476,770 461,499 429,057 453,447 15.63 3.9%Indonesia 118,628 180,924 249,916 251,788 330,654 407,130 27.97 3.5%Portugal 147,866 187,495 234,638 223,455 295,241 382,234 20.92 3.3%France 122,600 129,079 149,712 143,204 203,933 232,625 13.67 2.0%Norway 151,841 177,451 193,656 155,668 219,078 223,578 8.05 1.9%Sub-total 3,588,310 4,760,259 6,316,081 5,560,493 7,091,578 9,252,645 20.86 79.6%Other countries 878,741 1,255,641 1,739,550 1,607,083 1,876,123 2,377,377 22.02 20.4%



103

Table 5.23Imported agricultural products main origins by economic bloc

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Var. % Annual average

Share 2011 (%)VALUE

US$VALUE

US$VALUE

US$VALUE

US$VALUE

US$VALUE

US$TOTAL 4,467,050 6,015,899 8,055,631 7,167,576 8,967,701 11,630,022 21.09 -Mercosur 2,469,454 3,297,954 4,166,599 3,769,020 4,449,766 5,567,208 17.65 47.9%EU-27 774,356 944,032 1,248,455 1,215,617 1,460,877 1,840,530 18.91 15.8%Asia (excl. Middle East) 273,767 416,188 741,786 678,348 1,085,928 1,440,963 39.40 12.4%NAFTA 313,562 523,877 874,252 511,599 730,501 1,294,011 32.78 11.1%ALADI (excl. Mercosur) 299,246 395,592 549,739 562,665 754,984 914,269 25.03 7.9%Africa (excl. Middle East) 85,547 137,449 143,045 150,302 120,179 187,645 17.01 1.6%Other Western Europe countries 44,218 50,457 64,116 57,965 60,336 66,468 8.49 0.6%Oceania 19,231 29,884 41,151 31,681 24,577 39,579 15.53 0.3%Middle East 17,151 18,813 15,504 14,527 23,705 20,312 3.44 0.2%Eastern Europe 21,615 22,094 21,945 14,339 17,173 16,381 -5.39 0.1%


Brazilian Imports by Blocs

In 2011, Brazil imported US$ 11.6 billion

in agricultural products, of which 47.9%

came from Mercosur countries, 15.8%

from European Union countries, 12.4%

from Asia (excluding Middle East), 11.1%

from the NAFTA countries and 7.9% from

ALADI countries (excluding Mercosur).

Countries not included in these blocs

answer for the remaining 4.9%. Imports

from Asia were the ones that rose the

most between 2006 and 2011, (39.4%

rate on average), from US$ 273.8 million

in 2006 to US$ 1.4 billion in 2011. Imports

from NAFTA countries also had an above

30% average growth, from US$ 313.6

million in 2006 to US$ 1.3 billion in 2011.

Imports from Eastern Europe countries

declined from 2006 to 2011, at a 5.4%

average rate, equivalent to a 24.2 %

decrease in absolute numbers.

The main products imported from

each bloc were: from Mercosur, wheat

(32.1%), malt (7.4%) and powdered

milk (5.7%); from the European Union,

alcoholic beverages (16.2%), olive oil

(14.2%) and fish (7.3%); from Asia,

palm oil (32.8%), fish (21.9%) and garlic

(7.1%); from NAFTA, ethanol (29.7%),

not carded or combed cotton, (26.9%)

and other food preparations (5.4%);

and from ALADI, salmon (31.5%), wine

(9.3%) and palm oil (5.4%).

Notes

2012 Edition





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BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN TRADE

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