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Brian Hirsch, Ph.D.Senior Project Leader - Alaska
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Energy Systems Integration Facilities at NREL
Alaska Energy Storage WorkshopAnchorage, AKJune 20, 2012
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Reducing investment risk and optimizing systems in a rapidly changing energy world• New energy technologies and services• Increasing penetration of variable RE in grid• New communications and control models• Electrification of transportation• Integrating energy storage• Increasing system flexibility• Understanding interactions between electricity/thermal/fuels
Current Energy Systems Future Energy Systems
Why Energy Systems Integration?
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• Sensors and controls
• Design and integration
• Modeling and simulation
• System integration
Buildings
• H2/electric interfaces
• RE electrolyzers
• Storage systems
• Standards• Fuel cell
integration • Fueling
systems
Advanced Fuels
Grid Planning
and Operations
• Transmission and Distribution Systems
• Smart Grid Technologies
• Microgrids• Standards
Advanced Vehicles
Solar and Wind
ESIF System Integration Capabilities
• RE integration• Power
electronics• Building
integration• Thermal and
PV system optimization
• Plug-in-hybrids and vehicle-to-grid
• Battery thermal management
• Power electronics
Energy Storage
• CSP Thermal Storage
• Utility scale batteries
• Distributed storage.
Full systems interface evaluation for integration of electricity, fuels, thermal, storage, and end-use technologies
Energy System Research and Development Across Technologies
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NREL’s Energy Systems Integration Facilities
• Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF)
• Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility (DERTF)
• NWTC – Grid Integration Testing
• Thermal Test Facility (TTF)
• Vehicle Test and Integration Facility (VTIF)
TTF
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• Substantial completion by the end of 2012
• Space for 200 NREL staff and research partners
• Focus of the ESIF is to conduct R&D of integrated energy systems (Electricity, Fuels, Transportation, and Buildings & Campus systems)
Addressing the challenges of large-scale integration of clean energy technologies into the energy systems infrastructure
• NREL’s largest R&D facility (182,500 ft2) (ESIF)NREL’s Energy Systems Integration Facility
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Current Status and Construction Targets
• January 6 - Completed all steel work• January 20 – 50% completed – on budget
(total $135M)• April 2012 – complete all exterior work• October 2012 – substantial completion• November 2012 – commissioning• January 2013 – move-in
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Virtual utility operations center and visualization rooms.
Petascale HPC and data management system in showcase energy efficient data center.
ESIF’s Unique Advanced Capabilities
Interconnectivity to external field sites for data feeds and model validation.
HPC
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ESIF - Energy System Simulated Operations
A Flight Simulator for Energy System Operators
Operations techniques development for:• New systems configurations• Utility or fuel supply curtailments• High renewables penetrations• Extreme weather events• High storage penetrations• High demand response
deployment• Resource forecast integration
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ESIF Laboratories
High Performance Computing, Data Analysis, and Visualization
16. ESIF Control Room17. Energy Integration Visualization 18. Secure Data Center19. High Performance Computing
Data Center20. Insight Center Visualization21. Insight Center Collaboration
Fuel Systems Laboratories 9. Energy Systems Fabrication10. Manufacturing11. Materials Characterization12. Electrochemical
Characterization13. Energy Systems Sensor14. Fuel Cell Development &
Test15. Energy Systems High
Pressure Test
Thermal Systems Laboratories6. Thermal Storage Process and
Components7. Thermal Storage Materials8. Optical Characterization
Electrical Systems Laboratories1. Power Systems Integration2. Smart Power3. Energy Storage4. Electrical Characterization5. Energy Systems Integration
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Lab Functions• Main test lab for conducting
electrical system integration activities.
• Research will include exploring a variety of operating configurations including: grid connected stand-alone, microgrids, and hybrid power systems.
• House infrastructure for DG research (electricity, thermal, and fuels)
ESIF – Power Systems Integration LabMajor Laboratory Equipment• Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator
(Opal-RT)• Grid simulator (4x270kW, 690Vac,
400Vdc, DC-800Hz)• AC load banks (4x250kW, Wye, 50W
load step)• Bidirectional DC supplies (2x250kW,
0-900V)• SCADA Data Collection and Control
System• PV Simulator (multi-module, 0-
1000V or +/-500V) • Line length impedance simulator
(480V, 1200A)• Research Chiller/Boiler (750 MBH
boiler, 60ton chiller)
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Energy Systems Integration – Large-scale
A New Unique Testing Capability
NWTC Grid Integration Capabilities will allow testing of many grid integration aspects for multi-MW utility-scale variable renewable generation and storage technologies.
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TTF - Labs
Automated Home Energy Management Laboratory
Energy Storage Laboratory
• Fully instrumented electrical system, from smart meter to every plug, light, and hardwired component
• 3.2 kW photovoltaic (PV) array• Complete suite of residential appliances and end use loads• High frequency spectrum analyzer to study electrical noise• Multiple communication protocols are supported• Linked to ESIF
• The world’s most accurate battery calorimeters• Five environmental chambers and isothermal baths to
perform accelerated lifetime and duty cycle testing across a wide thermal range
• Thermal imaging to inspect for hot spots in cells and battery packages during charge and discharge cycles
• Bitrode cyclers for battery and ultracapacitor pack cycling
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Vehicle Testing and Integration Facility (VTIF)
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• 2 AC and 2 DC bus lines with configurable component connections• 2 fast charge system connections (1 indoor/1 outdoor)• 8 level II charge stations (includes wireless, high power for MD/HD
vehicles, multi-headed, …)• 20kW of PV as fuel station canopy (dual axis tracking)
VTIF Capabilities
• 30kWh, 30kW energy storage • Able to configure as microgrid• Commercial partners on Smart
Grid controls system• 24 expansion ports for new
components• Power supplies to emulate wind,
solar, vehicle, or storage
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NWTC – 2MW+
NREL’s Energy Systems Integration Facilities
ESIF 1kW-2MW
DERTF1kW-200kW
NREL ESI - A unique national asset for energy systems integration R&D, testing, and analysis at various scales
TTF
TTF VTIF
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For More information on NREL Energy Systems Integration facilities
• Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF)– http://www.nrel.gov/eis/facilities_esif.html– Ben Kroposki, Director of ESIF: [email protected]
• Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility (DERTF)– http://www.nrel.gov/eis/facilities_dertf.html
• NWTC – Grid Integration Testing– http://www.nrel.gov/wind/facilities.html
• Thermal Test Facility (TTF)– http://www.nrel.gov/buildings/facilities.html
• Vehicle Test and Integration Facility (VTIF)– http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/53297.pdf