Brief history of perspectiveBrief history of perspective
nn Geometric perspective was developed Geometric perspective was developed during the renaissance ( 15during the renaissance ( 15thth century) by century) by Filippo Brunelleschi. Filippo Brunelleschi.
nn Renaissance artists were obsessed with Renaissance artists were obsessed with Renaissance artists were obsessed with Renaissance artists were obsessed with the idea of creating an illusion of 3the idea of creating an illusion of 3--dimensions on a flat surface.dimensions on a flat surface.
nn Trompe l’oeil artists, who mastered Trompe l’oeil artists, who mastered perspective, created illusions that were so perspective, created illusions that were so realistic that they fooled the eye.realistic that they fooled the eye.
Experiments with foreshorteningExperiments with foreshortening
Study of chalice Study of chalice –– Paolo OccelloPaolo Occello
Enlarged results of two extreme positions.Enlarged results of two extreme positions.NoteNote :a) The excessive distortion of the red cube and the very short distance between the VPs.:a) The excessive distortion of the red cube and the very short distance between the VPs.
b) The black cube is not distorted and has its VPs extending well beyond the paper space.b) The black cube is not distorted and has its VPs extending well beyond the paper space.
VP1 VP1VP1 VP1
Conclusions drawn from the cube observationsConclusions drawn from the cube observations
nn The vanishing points are to be placed at the extreme edges of The vanishing points are to be placed at the extreme edges of the drawing paper.the drawing paper.
nn The included angle at the bottom of the object being drawn The included angle at the bottom of the object being drawn should always be considerably more than 90should always be considerably more than 90°° ( at least, ( at least, approximately 120approximately 120°°). With this arrangement, the height, ). With this arrangement, the height, (although slightly foreshortened), can be assumed to remain (although slightly foreshortened), can be assumed to remain unchanged.unchanged.
122°
VP 1 VP 2
Variations of the Variations of the rectangle methodrectangle method
Practically, the Practically, the foreshortening of the foreshortening of the sides depends on the sides depends on the
sighting point, therefore, sighting point, therefore,
VP2
GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION
VP 1
ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVET
Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube size 100mm.
the midthe mid--point of the point of the upper side, or the upper side, or the
corners of the rectangle, corners of the rectangle, may be used to find the may be used to find the
approximate approximate foreshortening.foreshortening.
ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVEGRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION
VP 1
T
Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.
VP2
Advantage of the rectangle Advantage of the rectangle method:method:
The foreshortened sides, The foreshortened sides, (unlike the 90 degrees (unlike the 90 degrees
GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVET
VP 1VP2
Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.
Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.
GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION
VP 1
ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVET
VP2
Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.
VP 1VP2
(unlike the 90 degrees (unlike the 90 degrees method), remain the same method), remain the same regardless of the relation of regardless of the relation of the object to the eye level.the object to the eye level.
GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVET
Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.
GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION
VP 1
ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVET
VP2
Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm.
GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION
VP 1
ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVET
VP2
Eliminating diagonals and replacing by a perspective scale Eliminating diagonals and replacing by a perspective scale to determine perspective dimensionsto determine perspective dimensions
VP 1
GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE
GLASS PANE
T
24 40
20201212
Enlarged view showing that diagonals and the perspective scale coincide exactlyEnlarged view showing that diagonals and the perspective scale coincide exactly..
24 40
20201212
Perspective scale explained in more detailPerspective scale explained in more detail
EYE LEVEL LINEVP
240 ( True length of side )
30
Comparison with the diagonal methodComparison with the diagonal method
EYE LEVEL LINEVP
240 ( True length of side )
30
Comparison with the diagonals methodComparison with the diagonals method
EYE LEVEL LINEVP
240 ( True length of side )
30
Advantages of the perspective scale over other methodsAdvantages of the perspective scale over other methods
a) Any dimension can be represented using the perspective scale method, a) Any dimension can be represented using the perspective scale method, b) diagonals can be eliminated thus keeping the drawing simpler and more tidy,b) diagonals can be eliminated thus keeping the drawing simpler and more tidy,c) perspective circles can be constructed with much greater accuracy. c) perspective circles can be constructed with much greater accuracy.
EYE LEVEL LINEVP
63
137
194
240
Example 2Example 2
GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVET
ExampleExample
Worked ExampleWorked Example
nn Convert the Convert the given given isometric isometric projection projection into a into a into a into a perspective perspective projection.projection.
Step 1Step 1
VP1 VP2
88
70 150
Step 2Step 2
VP1 VP2
70 150
Step 3Step 3
VP1 VP2
70 150
Step 4Step 4
VP1 VP2
70 150
122412 1222 31 123216 16 31
Step 5Step 5
VP1 VP2
15070
31 12 16 32 16 12 311212 24 22
Step 6Step 6
VP1 VP2
12
150
24
70
12 1222 31 123216 16 31
12
Step 7Step 7
VP1 VP2
12
150
22
70
12 24 12 31 31121616 32
12
Step 8Step 8
VP1 VP2
150
1231122412
70
22
12
3216 16 12 31
SingleSingle--point Perspectivepoint Perspective
In this particular condition, the construction of a singleIn this particular condition, the construction of a single--point perspective point perspective room is considerably simplifiedroom is considerably simplified
One / TwoOne / Two--Point PerspectivePoint PerspectiveMatchbox experiments on chequered tilesMatchbox experiments on chequered tiles
Drawing of an interior using 1 vanishing point.Drawing of an interior using 1 vanishing point.
DRAWING NUMBER:
CHECKED BY:FORM: DATE:
NAME:ITLE:T ONE / TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE
One / TwoOne / Two--Point PerspectivePoint PerspectiveMatchbox experiments on chequered tilesMatchbox experiments on chequered tiles
Drawing of an interior using 3 vanishing points.Drawing of an interior using 3 vanishing points.
CHECKED BY:
DRAWING NUMBER:
FORM: DATE:
NAME:ONE / TWO POINT PERSPECTIVETITLE: