British Eng. PPT - Copy

8/7/2019 British Eng. PPT - Copy

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INTRODUCTION TO

Submitted To:Sumit Bharadwaj


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Introduction

English is today the dominant international

language in most parts of the world. It is

spoken by an estimated 300-400 millionpeople as a native language and by an

estimated two billion people as a second

language. It is by far the most widely taught

and understood language in the world.


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It is important for Filipinos to learnthe British variety of English

alongside American English to avoid

confusion and misunderstanding.


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TOPICS

1.PHONOLOGY2.LEXICON

3.ORTHOGRAPHY

4.MORPHOLOGY5.SYNTAX


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Activity 1

Select the word that

identifies the correct

BrE and AmE terms forthe images


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Activity 1

trousers

rubbish

lift

holidayautumn

chips

tube

petrol

lavatory

cinema

sweets

pavement

biscuit

car

cab

pants

garbage

elevator

vacationfall

french fries

subway

gas

restroom

movie

candy

sidewalk

cookie

automobile

taxi


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Filipino nurses working in

hospitals in Saudi Arabia, where

many senior nurses and doctors

are British, are bewildered when

they are instructed to get a torch.

Find out why.


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Lexicon

Tap

Vest

Pissed

Brew

Flat

Lavatory

Mate Coach

Rubber


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Some otherBritish Terms

you ought to know

1.Bloke

2.Fag

3.Fancy4.Mate

5.Quid

6.Reckon

7.Rubbish8.Wicked


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Orthography

Aeroplane

Aluminium

Catalogue

Skilful

Cheque

Flavour

Moustache Metre

Organise

Tyre

Manoeuvre

Airplane

Aluminum

Catalog

Skillful

Check

Flavor

Mustache Meter

Organize

Tire

Maneuver


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AmE words ending in er (center, fiber, theater)

are often written with re in British English (centre,

fibre, theatre).

Orthography

center centre

luster lustre


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Some nouns that end with og in AmE(dialog) end with ogue in BrE (dialogue).

Orthography

catalog catalogue

analog analogue


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AmE words with or (color, humor) are usually

spelt with our in BrE (colour, humour).

Orthography

clamor clamour

favorite favourite

honorable honourable


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Verbs in AmE that end with ze (analyze) will

be spelt with se (analyse) in BrE.

Orthography

criticize criticise

memorize memorise

authorize authorise


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In American spelling, verbs that end with a vowelplus the consonant l (e.g. travel) would be spelt

with a double l when adding suffixes that begin

with a vowel (e.g. er, ed,).

Hence, traveled in AmE is spelt as travelled inBrE.

Orthography

dialed dialled

paralleled parallelled

signaling signalling


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On the contrary, some AmE words spelt with a

double l (enrollment) would be spelt with a single

l in BrE (enrolment).

Orthography

fulfill fulfil

installment instalment


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Some nouns that end with ense in AmE (license,defense) are spelt with ence in BrE (licence,

defence).

Orthography

offense offence

pretense pretence

NOTE: BrE license is a verb, while licence is a noun

likewise with practise (v) and practice (n).


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Some AmE words that with a ck ork (check)

will be spelt with a que in BrE (cheque).

Orthography

checkered chequered

bank banque


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Other spelling peculiarities

ax

jewelry

drafthiccup

pajamas

plow

programtire

Inquire

specialty

axe

jewellery

draughthiccough

pyjamas

plough

programmetyre

enquire

speciality


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Morphology

Morphology means the structure of words whichinvolves word formation.

To determine morphemes, a word has to be cut up

into smaller portions considering this criterion.

For example, 'boldest' can be cut up into two

meaningful portions:

bold- (ad.) brave

-est (suffix) superlative degree


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In BrE some suffixes are directly added to the baseword form as opposed to AmE words in which some

vowels are omitted.

age aging ageing

argue argument ar guement

judge judgment judgement

Morphology

Base word + suffix


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Morphology

For the simple past and past participle, the generalrule is that AmE spells the verb form with ed

(spelled), while BrE spells the verb with t (spelt).

However, these forms do not exist for every verb and there is

variation. For example, both AmE and BrE would use the word 'worked',

and in AmE it is common to hear the word 'knelt' as the past tense of 'to

kneel'.

to dream dreamed dreamt

to leap leaped leapt

to learn learned learnt


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Morphology

Another category of difference includes verbs thatuse either the base form of the verb or the -edending

for the simple past.

to fit fit fitt ed

to forecast forecast forecasted

to wed wed wedded


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Morphology

A third category of difference includes verbs that haveeither an irregular spelling or the -edending for the

simple past

to knit knit knitt ed

to light lit light ed

to strive strove strived


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Syntax

The structure of the sentence

is what is referred to as

syntax. Two of the majordifference between BrE and

AmE syntax are Grammar

Rules and Insertions.


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Syntax

Insertion of a phrase into a sentence (where thephrase is inserted differs):

e.g. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being

old?

What (do you think) are the advantages and

disadvantages of being old?

What are the advantages and disadvantages (do youthink) of being old?

This applies to other sentences where the phrase 'do you think' is inserted.


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SyntaxGrammar rules:

Varying verbs and verb collocations are used

Do you have a pen?

Have you got a pen?

I'm going to take a bath.

I'm going to have a bath.


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SyntaxGrammar rules:

c) pronouns/referencing and substitution: In using

a pronoun as substitute for a noun, the British

are more gender fair than Americans, to the

point of using a plural form of pronoun thatrefers to a singular noun.

Someones on the phone

What does he want?

What do they want?


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Syntax

Somebody left the windows open yesterday,

didn't he?"

Somebody left the windows open yesterday,

didn't they?"


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SUBMITTED BY :

Shivam Kumar

Sujit Kumar

Sachin Kr. Singh

Pankaj Kr. Singh

Ram-Parvesh

Saurabh Kr.-ll


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THANK

YOU !!!

Date post:	08-Apr-2018
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British Eng. PPT - Copy

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