BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD Reference Planning Concept

Reference Planning Configurations and Reference Networks

25 - 29 April 2005Dakar

David Botha

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

What is an RPC?

An RPC is an idealised abstract configuration of technical

characteristics that can be used for conference planning purposes.

An RPC describes the sum of all relevant technical aspects of a

broadcasting service implementation required for planning

purposes and eventually for the calculations related to plan

modifications during Plan implementation.

An RPC is not associated with any particular system variant

or a real network, but can represent a large number of real

implementations.

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Why use an RPC?

Thousands of planning configurations

Reception modes for DVB-T:• Portable reception (indoor / outdoor)• Fixed reception (roof top)• Mobile reception

Reception modes for T-DAB:• Mobile reception• Portable indoor reception

DVB-T System variants• Modulation type and code rate (15 types)• Channel bandwidth 7 and 8 MHz (15 x 2 types)• Guard intervals (1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32) (15 x 2 x 4 = 120

variant types)

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Derivation of RPC’sTable 3.6-1

Aspects of DVB‑T planning configurations

Aspect Element

Reception mode Fixed roof-levelPortable outdoorPortable indoor

MobileCoverage quality (in terms of percentage of locations)

70%95%99%

Network structure MFN (single transmitter)SFN

Dense SFN

DVB‑T system variant from QPSK-1/2to 64-QAM-7/8

Frequency band Band III (200 MHz)Band IV (500 MHz)Band V (800 MHz)

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Derivation of RPC’s continued

Representative Planning Configurations

Emed ref calculated for band III (200 MHz), IV (500 MHz) and V (800 MHz)

Rep. Plan. Conf.

Rx mode

fix fix po po mob mob pi pi

Mod. 64

QAM

64

QAM

16

QAM

64

QAM

QPSK 16

QAM

16

QAM

16

QAM

Code Rate

2/3 3/4 2/3 2/3 2/3 1/2 2/3 2/3

Loc. Prob.

95% 95% 95% 95% 99% 99% 70% 95%

Required C/N (dB)

20.1 21.6 17.2 22.3 13.0 15.5 17.2 17.2

Data capacity from to (MBit/s)

19.9

24.1

22.4

27.1

13.3

16.1

19.9

24.1

6.6

8.0

10.0

12.1

13.3

16.1

13.3

16.1

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Derivation of RPC’s continued

RRC-04 Reference Planning Configurations

DVB‑T grouping in terms of reception mode:

• fixed reception;

• portable outdoor reception, mobile reception and lower coverage quality portable indoor reception;

• higher coverage quality portable indoor reception.

For reference frequencies:

• 200 MHz (VHF);

• 650 MHz (UHF).

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Derivation of RPC’s continued

RRC-04 Reference Planning Configurations

RPC 1 RPC 2 RPC 3

Group fix mob, po, pi pi

Plan. Conf.

64QAM2/3 fix

95%loc

64QAM3/4 fix

95%loc

QPSK2/3

mob 99%loc

16QAM1/2

mob 99%loc

64QAM2/3 po

95%loc

16QAM2/3 po

95%loc

16QAM2/3 pi

70%loc

16QAM2/3 pi

95%loc

C/N (dB)

20.1 21.6 13.0 15.5 22.3 17.2 17.2 17.2

Emed ref calculated for VHF (200 MHz) and UHF (650 MHz)

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Summary of RRC-04 RPC’s for DVB-TRPCs for DVB‑T

RPC RPC 1 RPC 2 RPC 3

Reference location probability

95% 95% 95%

Reference C/N (dB) 21 19 17

Reference (Emed)ref

(dB(µV/m)) at 200 MHz50 67 76

Reference (Emed)ref

(dB(µV/m)) at 650 MHz56 78 88

Typical data capacity (Mbit/s)

20-27 8-24 13-16

(Emed)ref: minimum median equivalent field strength

RPC 1: RPC for fixed roof-level receptionRPC 2: RPC for portable outdoor reception or lower coverage quality portable indoor reception or mobile reception RPC 3: RPC for higher coverage quality for portable indoor reception.

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Application of RRC-04 RPC’s for DVB-T

Interpolation of Reference (Emed)ref (f)

Correction factor

Fixed reception 20log(f/fr)

Portable and mobile reception

30log(f/fr)

Protection ratios from ITU-R Rec. BT.1368

Representative system variant

RPC 1 64QAM 3/4

RPC 2 16QAM 3/4

RPC 3 16QAM 2/3

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

RRC-04 RPC’s for T-DABTable 3.6-3

RPCs for T‑DAB

(Emed)ref: minimum median equivalent field strength

RPC 4: RPC for mobile receptionRPC 5: RPC for portable indoor reception

Reference planning configuration

RPC 4 RPC 5

Location probability

99% 95%

Reference C/N (dB)

15 15

Reference (Emed)ref

(dB(µV/m)) at 200 MHz

60 66

Protection ratios in ITU-R Rec. BS.1660

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Implications when using RPC’s

Advantages

Disadvantages

• Particularly useful when allotment planning is used• Does not require detail planning prior to notification• Allows for the selection of a specific system variant

at a later stage• Simplifies planning by reducing the number of

configurations• Not all technical criteria need be available at

planning time, e.g. protection ratios

• Selected RPC’s may not exactly represent your requirement

• Administration still need to make some basic decisions before planning

• Increase the analysis computation time if more than 36 test points are defined per allotment

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

What is a Reference network (RN)?

An RN is an idealised representation of real networkimplementations.

Reference networks exhibit a high degree of geometrical symmetry and homogeneous transmitter characteristics.

Reference networks are characterised by the parameters:• Number of transmitters • Distance between transmitters• Transmitter network geometry• Transmitter power• Transmitter antenna height• Transmitter antenna pattern• Service area

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Why use an RN?

Allotments have no transmitters associated

An RN represent the interference potential of an allotment

Single transmitter case• Preferable to use real transmitter characteristics and assignments

Reference Single Frequency Networks• Generally larger service areas than a single transmitter• All transmitters may not be known during the establishment of a

frequency plan• Compatibility analysis and synthesis based on the use of a suitable

RN• Plan modifications will rely on RN for allotments not yet converted to

assignments

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Definition of Reference Networks

General design considerations:

• RN’s defined in terms of the service application

• Effective antenna heights set to 150 metres

• Field strength prediction based on ITU-R Rec. P.1546-1

• Statistical field strength summation using k-LNM method

• Design based on noise limited coverage, use power margin to obtain “interference limited” coverage

• Hexagonal service areas

• Hexagonal or triangular network configurations

• Open and closed network structures

• For open network structures the service area is 15% larger than the network structure

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Definition of Reference Networks continued

RN categories:

Reference network

1 2 3 4

Application Large service area SFN

Small service area SFN, dense SFN

Small service area SFN (urban)

Semi-closed small service area SFN where interference should be limited

Service area diameter (km)

161/115/92 53/33/33 53/33/33 46/29/29

Distance between

transmitters (km)

70/50/40 40/25/25 40/25/25 40/25/25

Type of network

Open Open Open Semi-closed

DVB-T

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Definition of Reference Networks continued

RN categories:

Reference network for

RPC 5 RPC 6

Application Mobile Portable indoor

Service area diameter (km)

120 120

Distance between

transmitters (km)

60 60

Type of network Closed Closed

T-DAB

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Implications when using RN’s

Advantages

Disadvantages

• Can represent the interference potential of allotments• Does not require detail planning prior to notification• Allows for the selection of a specific system variant at a

later stage• Not all technical criteria need be available at planning time,

e.g. protection ratios for specific system variants

• Selected RN’s may not exactly represent unique requirements

• Administration still need to make some basic decisions before planning

• Considerably increase the calculation time of the analysis

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Examples of RN’s

FIGURE A.3.7-3RN 2 (small service area SFN)

Border of service area

Antenna discrimination of 12 dB over 240°

Peripheral transmitter

Central transmitter

Distance between transmitters d

Diameter D

FIGURE A.3.7-7Geometry of the RN

Border of service area

Transmitter

Diameter D

Distance between transmitters d

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Notifying allotment requirements

For DVB-T:

• Define and notify allotment geographical area (DA1)• Select the band (VHF or UHF)• Select the reception mode (fixed, mobile or portable, or higher

quality portable indoor)• Select the RPC• Select the type of application (Large SFN, small SFN, small

SFN urban or semi-closed small SFN)• Select the RN• Notify the allotment (DT2)

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Notifying allotment requirements continued

For T-DAB:

• Define and notify allotment geographical area (DA1)

• Select the reception mode (mobile or portable indoor)

• Select the RPC and RN

• Notify the allotment (DS2)

Workshop for the African Group of Countries

BR/TSD

Dakar 2005

BCD

Thank youMerci

Workshop for the African Group of Countries