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MOTIVATION

BS(CS) 3rd SemesterWeek 7

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TOPICS

Introduction

Nature and Characteristics

Biological Basis Of MotivationLearned or Acquired Motives

Achievement Motive

Enhancing Student Motivation

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Motivation

“Shoot for the moon. Even if you miss, you'llland among the stars”

Motive An impulse, a desire or need leading to an action

Motivation Directs or leads organism's behavior towards a

specific goal

Is the driving force behind an action Gives purpose and direction to behavior

It is the ‘WHY’, for all behavior/actions

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MOTIVATION

M Mastering

O Overall

T  Temperament

I IntelligentlyV  Vigorously

 A Achieve

T  Total

I Impact

O Over-power

N Negativity

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Characteristicsof Motivation

1. Motivation As Instinctive Behavior 

o Instinct:o An unlearned biological driveo An innate tendency to achieve somethingo e.g. Crying allows a human infant to survive

o It is Inheritedo Species specific & automatic 

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Nature andCharacteristics…cont

2. Motivation as reduction of drivesor attaining an incentive

o Drive:o A physiological needo People act in order to reduce needs and

maintain a constant physiological stateo  To reduce drive one eats, drinks, sleeps &

satisfies all such needs

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o Incentive:o A positive or negative environmental stimulus

that motivates behavior

o We sometimes work for some incentives likemoney or prize etc

o When there is both a need and an incentive, wefeel strongly driven

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The Drive-ReductionThe Drive-ReductionProcessProcess

UnsatisfiedUnsatisfied

NeedNeedUnsatisfiedUnsatisfied

NeedNeedTensionTensionTensionTension

DrivesDrivesDrivesDrivesSearchSearch

BehaviorBehaviorSearchSearch

BehaviorBehavior

SatisfiedSatisfied

NeedNeedSatisfiedSatisfied

NeedNeedReductionReduction

of Tensionof TensionReductionReduction

of Tensionof Tension

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Intrinsic & ExtrinsicMotivation

Intrinsico Self generated factors

o

Responsibilityo Freedom to acto Use of skills and abilitieso Interesting and challenging work

opportunities for advancement etco The desire to learn somethingo Has a deeper and long-term effect

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Extrinsic

o External factors that motivate peopleo Rewards

o Promotiono Punishment

o Getting an ‘A’ grade in the course

o Has an immediate and powerful effecto Won’t necessarily last long

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Physiological NeedsPhysiological Needs

SecuritySecurity

Love & BelongingLove & Belonging

EsteemEsteem

SelfSelfActualizationActualization

Maslow’s Hierarchy of MotivesMaslow’s Hierarchy of Motives

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Biological Basis Of Motivation

o Also known as Unlearned Motives

o Arise as a result of biological changes in the body;include:

* Air* Hunger

*  Thirst

* Maintaining body Temperature

* Reducing Pain

* Bowel and bladder etc

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Learned or AcquiredMotives

o Also known as psychological motiveso Occurs when process of socialization takes

place

o  They are vital for survival in societyo  These motives include:

* Affiliation* Achievement* Prestige & Status* Self esteem* Self actualization

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AchievementMotivation

It is an Innate Impulse:o  To master challengeso Reach a high standard of excellenceo

 To desire for Significant Accomplishmentso  To master a skill

Factors that influence achievementmotivation are:

1. Personality Factors

2. Situational Factors

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1. Personality Factors

High-achievement Motivation tends tolead to particular personality features:

o Persistence

o Ability To Delay Gratification

o Competitiveness 

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Persistenceo High achievers tend to be very persistent

o Work hard to attain goals they set for themselves 

 Ability To Delay Gratificationo A greater ability to delay gratifying impulses

o Short term pains to reach long-term goals

Competitivenesso select careers that give the opportunities tocompete with other people

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2. Situational Factors

o Situational factors affect

‘Achievement Motivation’; include:o Expectation of Success

o Incentives

o Controlo Opportunity 

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 Expectation of Success:o Having good role models

o

Getting constructive feedback andencouragement

o Creates expectation and motivation

Incentives: o reward people for their competence

o motivate them to achieve

Situational Factors…cont

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Enhancing StudentMotivation…cont

φ Find positive people to be around : positive peopleinspire you to stay motivated

φ Create a vision for you goals: picture yourself reaching the goal

φ A person lacks motivation when goals are in distantfuture

φ Throw Out Negative Thoughts From Your Mind 

φ Infuse positive energy by Trust & Positive Thoughts

φ Make it fun: work is most enjoyable when it doesn’t feellike work at all

φ Develop Passion for Work & Work Hard