BTLE W Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby Part Four ENTER.

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Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby

Part FourPart Four

ENTER

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I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III. Word Building

IV. Grammar

Language Language StudyStudy

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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:

1. acquaintance

2. anguish

3. bulge

4. confer

5. contemplate

6. contempt

7. exalt

8. heady

9. hustle

10. impediment

11. integrate

12. muscular

13. proficient

14. stampede

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. acquaintance

n. a. (CN) a person whom one knows b. (UN) knowledge or information about something

or someone n. acquaintanceship

v. acquaint: to come to know personally; to make familiar; to inform;Examples:

Mrs. Bosomley has become merely a nodding acquaintance.

Few of my acquaintances like Sheila.The guide has some acquaintance with Italian.He has a wide acquaintanceship among all sorts of

people.

Translation

点头之交

认识的人

懂一点意大利语

交往甚广

To be continued on the next page.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study

Expressions:

Examples:

Let me acquaint you with my family.

You must acquaint yourself with your new duties.

Please acquaint us with your plans.

be (become, get) acquainted with:

I am already acquainted with the facts.

make sb.’s acquaintance (make the acquaintance of sb.):

So pleased to have made your acquaintance.

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v. (vi.) to feel or suffer anguish

n. agonizing physical or mental pain;torment

a. anguished

Examples:

She was in anguish over her missing child.

anguished cries

2. anguish Synonyms

suffering, agony, distress, grief,

heartache, heartbreak, misery,

pain sorrow, torment, torture

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study3. bulge

v. to curve outward; to swell up; to stick out

n. a. a protruding part; an outward curve or

swelling

b. a sudden, usually temporary increase in number or quantity

Examples:

His pocket was bulging with sweets.

The baby boom created a bulge in school

enrollment.

Synonyms

protrude

project

stick out


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Examples:

Helen’s teeth protrude too far.

The policeman saw a gun protruding from the

man’s pocket.

Nails protruded from the board and had to be

removed for safety.

protrude

v. to push or thrust outward; to jut out

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v. a. to bestow (e.g. an honor) 授予 b. to invest with (a characteristic) 赋予；使带有 c. (vi.) to meet in order to deliberate together

or compare views 协商

4. confer

Examples:

The government conferred a medal on the hero.

Diplomas were conferred on members of graduating

class.

The engineers and technicians are still conferring on

the unexpected accident.

Synonym

award


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I.I. Word StudyWord Studyaward

v. a. to grant as merited or due

b.to give as legally due

Examples:

Martin Ruther King Jr. was awarded the peace

Nobel Prize of 1964 for advocating nonviolence

policy in the movement for civil rights.

He was awarded his damages in the shipwreck by

the court.

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v. a. to look at attentively and thoughtfully

b. to consider carefully and at length;

c. to have in mind as an intention or possibility

Examples:

She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror.

The young surgeon contemplated the difficult

operation of kidney transplant.

She is contemplating a trip to Europe, but she

hasn’t planned it yet.

5. contemplate Synonyms

consider

ponder

meditate

deliberate

brood over

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study6. contempt

n. scorn; a feeling that sb. or sth. is not important and does not deserve any respect Example:

I feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behavior.

Word formation

Expressions: be beneath contempt

bring into contempt

hold in contempt

in contempt of

极为荒谬可鄙的

使受人鄙视

鄙视，蔑视

不顾，不把 ······放在眼里

a. contemptible contemptuous


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Examples:It was contemptible of him to speak like that about a respectable teacher!It was a contemptible trick to tell lies and play on an old friend!He was contemptuous of Britain’s army.Seeing I failed to understand, he gave me a contemptuous look.

contemptible: deserving of contempt; despicable

卑劣的，可鄙的contemptuous: manifesting or feeling contempt; scornful

鄙视的；看不起；鄙视的

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study7. exalt

v. a. to raise in rank, character, or statusb. to glorify, praise, or honorc. to increase the effect or intensity of

exalted a. excited; noble; exaggerated

Examples:Complementary colors exalt each other.He was exalted to the position of president.The retiring professor is exalted by his colleagues.an exalted dedication to libertyHe has an exalted sense of his importance to the project.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study8. heady a.

Try to translate the following phrases:

heady liqueur

the heady news of triumph

a heady outburst of anger

a heady current

heady tactics

too heady to reason with

醉人的烈酒振奋人心的获胜消息猛一声怒喝一股湍流机敏的战术太专横而无法与之理论

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vt. a. to convey in a hurried or rough manner b. to cause or urge to proceed quickly

c. to gain by energetic effort vi. to work or move energetically and rapidly

9. hustle

Examples:

The police hustled the prisoner into a van.

Mother hustled the children off to school lest

they should be late.

We hustled to get dinner ready on time.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. impediment

n. a. a fact or event which makes action difficult

or impossible

b. an organic defect preventing clear articulation

Examples:

The main impediment to development is the

country’s huge foreign debt.

He has an impediment in speech. 他讲话口吃。

Synonyms

hinder

hamper

impede

obstruct

block

dam

bar


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I.I. Word StudyWord Studyhinder: to hold back, as by delaying (implying stopping

or prevention)

The travelers were hindered by storms throughout

their journey.

hamper: to hinder by or as if by fastening or entangling

A suit and an overcoat hampered the efforts of the

accident victim to swim to safety.

impede: to slow by making action or movement difficult

Sentiment and eloquence serve only to impede the

pursuit of truth.


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obstruct: implies the presence of obstacles that interfere with progress

A building under construction obstructs our view of the mountains. block: to complete obstruction that prevents progress, passage, or action

A huge snowdrift is blocking the entrance to the driveway. dam: suggests obstruction of the flow, progress, or release of something, such as water or emotion

They dammed the brook to form a swimming pool. bar: to prevent entry or exit or prohibit a course of action

Mounted troops barred access to the presidential palace.


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study11. integrate

v. a. to make into a whole by bringing all parts

together; to unify

b. to join with something else; unite

disintegrate: to become reduced to components,

fragments, or particles

Examples:

Many suggestions are needed to integrate the plan.

The teachers are trying to integrate all the children

into society.

The extracted case was so old it just disintegrated

when a worker picked it up.

Word formation

a. integrated

综合的，完整的

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study12. muscular

a. a. of, relating to, or consisting of muscle

b. having well-developed muscles

c. having or suggesting great power;

forceful or vigorous

Examples:

a muscular build 一副强壮的体格

muscular contraction 肌肉的收缩

muscular advocacy groups 有力的拥护团体

Comparison

masculine

男性的，男子气概的，

[ 语法 ] 阳性的

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13. proficient

a. having or marked by an advanced degree of

competence, as in an art, vocation, profession,

or branch of learning

n. an expert; an adept


Examples:

A proficient surgeon is the product of lengthy

training and experience.

She is proficient at/in figure skating.

Synonyms

skillful

skilled

adept

expert

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14. stampede

v. to (to cause to) flee in panic or to act on mass

impulse

n. a. a sudden frenzied or headlong rush or flight

b. a mass impulsive action


Examples: Rumors of a shortage stampeded people into

buying up food. a herd of stampeding cattle a stampede of support for the candidate

纷纷支持那个候选人

The end of Word Study.

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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions

1. at the time

2. do away with

3. few and far between

4. for (one’s) money

5. in the flesh

6. lag behind

7. make for

8. nothing but

9. on… occasion

10. out of one’s depth

11. think well of

12. stand by

List:

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at a time

at all times

at one time

at the time

at times

at the same time

at the best of times

Please match the following phrases with their translations:

一度，曾经

在 ······时候

尽管如此，同时

有时候

在最有利的时候

在任何时候，经常

那时候

1. at the time

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2. do away with

Please translate the following sentences:

They have done away with corporal punishment

in our school.

The city has decided to do away with overhead

wires.

They agreed that privileges must be done away

with.

The robbers did away with their victims.

It is about time all this obsolete machinery was

done away with.

Translation

废除体罚

消除高架线

取消特权

干掉受害者

处理掉旧机器

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Examples:

In Nevada the towns are few and far between.

Really exciting games are few and far between.

Places where you can get water are few and far

between in the desert.

3. few and far between

“far” phrases



“few” phrases

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far

as far as

by far

far and away

far and near

far and wide

so far, so good

so far from

就 ······ 而言；只要；一直走到

最 ······ ， ······ 得多

无疑地（和 adj. adv. 最高级连用）到处，四面八方到处，各处到目前为止，一切顺利。非但不，相反 ······To be continued on the next page.

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few

no fewer than

not a few

quite a few (a good few)

the few

有 ······ 之多，

至少有

不少，相当多

好些，相当多

少数（有特殊要求的）

人

Exercises


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Please fill in the blanks with “far” and “few”phrases:

We searched _____ for the missing child. ____; I hope we keep on with such good luck. He is ____ the best-prepared candidate for the

Presidency. They should be concentrated in one place ____ this is

reasonable. There were ____ 500 people present. ____ readers wrote letters of commendation to the

magazine. ____ taking my advice, he went and did just what I

warned him against.

Keys

far and near/far and wideSo far, so goodfar and awayas far asno fewer thanNot a fewSo far from

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4. for (one’s) money


“money” phrases


according to one’s opinion, choice, or preference

依照某人的意见、选择或偏好

Example:

For my money, it’s not worth the trouble.

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for love or moneyin the money

money to burn

one’s money’s worthPut money on

I wouldn’t give him my dog for love or money.After years of struggle and dependence, air transportation is in the money.Dick’s uncle died and left him money to burn.It is a bit expensive, but you get your money’s worth.to put money on outcome of a race

Try to translate these sentences:

Keys

1. 无论如何，不管以任何代价

2. 非常有钱，有利可图

3. 大量的钱

4. 花钱值得

5. 为 ······ 打赌

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in the person, presentExamples:

I have corresponded with him for some years,but I have never met him in the flesh.

He is nicer in the flesh than in his photograph.flesh and blood: 血肉之躯

Those sorrows are more than flesh and blood can bear. The author doesn’t give his characters any flesh and blood.

逼真的形象make one’s flesh creep: 使人毛骨悚然

His story made my flesh creep.thorn in the flesh: 肉中刺

The guerrilla band was a thorn in the flesh of the invaders.

5. in the flesh


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6. lag behind

to fail to keep up a pace; to straggleExamples:

The elder people and children always lag behind when we go for a walk.

Don’t let a single classmate lag behind. He wondered darkly at how great a lag there

was between his thinking and his actions. 他暗暗惊讶于自己在思想和行动上有如此大的差距。

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7. make for


to have or cause to have a particular effect or result;

to help promote; to go to a place or rush forward

Examples:

small details that make for comfort

Thoughtfulness makes for closer relationships.

This book makes for very enjoyable reading.

The convoy made for the open sea.

As soon as it started to rain we turned round

and made for home.

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8. nothing but

Examples:

Don’t have him for a friend: he’s nothing but a

criminal.

He had nothing for supper but a little piece of

cheese.

Nothing but roses meets the eye.

“nothing” phrases


only, merely

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nothing doing

nothing if not

nothing like

nothing less than

nothing more than

nothing much

nothing of the kind

毫无，决不

极其，极端

没有什么能比得上

不亚于，完全（强调其多、其大）

仅仅，只不过（强调其少、其小）

非常少，没什么

哪里，不行

Examples


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“Let’s go for a boat ride!” “Nothing doing!”

He was nothing if not clever.

There’s nothing like a holiday to make one fell rested.

Studying that lesson should take nothing like four

hours.

That’s nothing less than a miracle. (=no less than)

The drops didn’t get very big, and the earth received

nothing more than a drizzle. (=no more than)

“Anything interesting happening?” No, nothing much.

“I’m sorry to cause you trouble.” “ My dear friend, it’s

nothing of the kind.”

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9. on… occasion

Please translate the following sentences:

He talked about his his work on every occasion.

She was invited to the Master’s room on several

occasions.

On occasion, we feel like celebrating and have a

party.

On one occasion, he landed in a deserted car

park.

Chinese

总是，不管什么时候

有几次

有时，遇必要时

曾经，有一次

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10. out of one’s depth 水深过头；超越自己的能力；理解不了的

in depth 广泛地；彻底地

a study in depth of the poems

explore a subject in depth

an in-depth study

Examples:

Jack was not a good swimmer, add nearly

drowned when he drifted out beyond his depth.

• I am out of my depth when it comes to natural

science.

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not think much of

think better of sb.

think better of sth.

think highly of

think well of

think little of

think poorly of

think nothing of

看轻对某人印象好；看重某人改变······念头；打消主意看重；器重重视看轻；看不起不放在眼里；轻视轻视；认为无所谓；认为没什么了不起

11. think well ofTry to make

some sentences with

the phrases.

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12. stand by

Examples:

He stood by me through all my troubles.

The police are standing by to control the

crowd if it is necessary.

You should always stand by your promises.

You can’t stand by and allow such a thing.

a. to remain uninvolved; to refrain from acting

b. to remain loyal to; to aid or support

c. to keep or maintain

d. to be ready or available to act

The end of Phrases and Expressions.

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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

List:

1. Prefix—hind-

2. Suffix— -ette

3. Derivative: orate

4. Suffix— -fer

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III.III. Word BuildingWord Buildinghindquartershindquarters

prefix

Prefix—hind-located at or forming the back or rear

Examples: hindquarters n. 后腿，臀部 hindlimb (hind legs a.) n. ( 动物或昆虫的 )后肢，下肢 hindsight n.枪的表尺，后瞄准器；后见之明，事后聪明

I now know with hindsight that I did him a terrible wrong. 我事后才明白我完全冤枉了他。

hindmost a. 最后面的，最后部的

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a. small; diminutive 表示小的，小型的 b. female 表示女性的 c. an imitation or inferior kind of cloth

表示仿造品或衣料质地较差的 a. kitchenette 小厨房 novelette 中或短篇 luncheonette 小餐馆 launderette 自动洗衣店b. usherette 女引座员 drum majorette 鼓乐 bachelorette 未婚女子c. leatherette 人造革

suffix—-ette

III.III. Word BuildingWord Buildingstatuette

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III.III. Word BuildingWord Buildingoratoryoratory

orate v. to speak in a formal, pompous manner

oration n. a formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial occasion; a speech delivered in a high-flown or pompous manner

orator n. one who delivers an oration; an eloquent and skilled public speaker

oratory n. the art of public speaking; eloquence or skill in making speeches to the public; public speaking marked by the use of overblown rhetoric

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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

-fer： from Latin: ferre = to carry 携带

fertile 肥沃的，多产的

afferent 传入的

defer 推迟，延期，听从，服从

proffer 提供

efferent 传出的，输出管

infer 推断

offer, differ, refer, suffer, transfer, prefer

The end of Word Building.

confer

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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar

1. Parallelism

2. The Use of Complement

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More examples

I. The method of expressing ideas of equal importance in the same or similar grammatical form is called PARALLELISM.Parallel constructions: listing, contrast, choice, comparison all shouting the same thing, all warming their hands at

the fire of their prejudices —two absolute constructions (listing)

not by thought; by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. —two prepositional phrases (contrast)

To be or not to be, that is a question. —two infinitive phrases (choice)

Crawling up down a mountain is sometimes harder than climbing up. —two participle phrases. (comparison)

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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar1. For further information, you can either consult an encyclop

aedia or surf the Internet. —two verb phrases (choice)

2. In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income. —two noun prepositional phrases (comparison)

3. The unemployed man wanted a job rather than welfare. —two nouns (contrast)

4. Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one’s time, working on one’s own and managing one’s affairs. —three participle phrases (listing)

The end of Parallelism.

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II. The Use of Complement

Next to her, crouched the statuette of a leopard, ready to spring down… —adjective phrase as subject complement

You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. —past and present participles as object complement

It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. — prepositional phrase as object complement

More examples

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The end of Grammar.

More examples:

Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.

Lincoln was born a poor farmer’s boy and died

President of the United States.

People are just born what color they are.

As a true friend he stood by me to the end.

John wears his hair very long.

Can I have this parcel weighed here?

I called this robbing Peter to pay Paul.

As the main eating implement, the Chinese use

chopsticks every day.

Subject complements

Object complements

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