Koji Fukuda Chief Advisor, JICA TA for Capacity Development to Accelerate Low Carbon and
Resilient Society Realization in Southeast Asian Region, Thailand (2018~)
Former Chief Technical Advisor, JICA TA SPI-NAMA, Viet Nam (2015-2018)
Building Technical Readiness for Ho Chi Minh City -Experiences of JICA Technical Assistance for Mitigation and Early Lessons -
2
Technical Capacity & Pilot
Baseline Studies
Trainings
& Capacity
Building
Policy & Legal Review
on NAMAs
Needs & Gap
Assessment
Building Policy Framework
Roadmap for GHG Emission Reduction (decree)
National
M, R, V
procedure
Mitigation
Registry
& DB
MONRE’S Training Courses &
Materials (technical & HL)
HCMC Climate Change
Bureau
Trainings & Capacity Building
Holistic Mitigation Training
to HCMC Stakeholders
The capacity of the Government of Vietnam to plan and implement Mitigation Actions is enhanced
Bridging NDC Implementation
Low Carbon Technology Assessment to facilitate
Vietnam’s NDC
Line
Depts
Enhancing MONRE’s Capacity to facilitate develop & implement Mitigation Actions
Enhancing LMs & Local Government’s capacity to plan, implement & MRV Mitigation Actions
Project Objective
Upstream Mitigation Policy Development to enable NDC Implementation and transparency requirement
Strengthening institutional capacity to quantify & manage GHG emission and emission reduction at pilot city
Added in 2016
HCMC DONRE/DMHCC
Output 1 Output 2
City-level GHG Inventory
Project-based MRV pilots
(Energy, Waste, Transport)
policy analysis for building
sector mitigation
A/P development, MRV for targeted
sub-sector
Capacity Development to support update of city-level climate
change action plans
Added in 2018
Selection of pilot city – why HCMC? Multi-criteria assessment of 5 centrally-run cities
e.g. size/scalability, industrial structure, progressiveness of climate planning,
institutional maturity, statistics/data availability, synergies with on-going
parallel efforts (e.g. city-city collaboration etc)
HCMC as the early mover for climate actions with enabling
conditions – experiences of CCAP development/implementation,
institutional framework (CCSC, CCB), leadership, multiple support
experiences
Central Government National GHG Inventory National MRV System
HCMC City-level GHG Inventory MRV Pilots (Energy, Transport, Waste) Seminar/Tech Training Operational Manuals
Functional relationship between central government and pilot city (HCMC) within the Project
Strengthening institutional capacity of pilot city (HCMC) to quantify & manage GHG emission and emission reduction through (1) City-level MRV and (2) City-level GHG Inventory
FEEDBACK to Formulation Process of National Policy
1
Replication to other cities and provinces
2
Establishing Robust Technical Basis for implementing specific actions in NDC
3
5
Piloting City-level MRV
Sector Development Projects in
HCMC
Implementing entity
(Source of Investment) Relevant organization
Energy Replacement of
Existing Street
Lamp with LED
District3 Department of Industry and Trade
(DOIT)
Introduction of
Solar PV system
Energy Conservation Center
(ECC)
Department of Science and
Technology (DOST)
Transport Introduction of CNG
Bus for Public Bus
Fleet
Saigon Bus Department of Transport (DOT),
Management and Operation Center
for Public Transport (MOCPT)
BRT Line 1 Project HCMC Urban-Civil Works
Construction Investment
Management Authority
(UCCI)
-
Waste Power Generation
at Go Cat Landfill
Site
HCMC Urban Environment
Company Limited
(CITENCO)
HCMC Department of Natural
Resources and Environment
(DONRE)
Animal Manure
Collection and
Biogas Recovery at
Small Farms
Livestock Competitiveness
and Food Safety Project
(LIFSAP)
HCMC Department of Agriculture
and Rural Development (DARD)
2
1. Selection of EXISTING & planned development or investment projects in HCMC to pilot MRV
2. Measurement of GHG emission reduction amounts
3. Exploring the most suitable MRV modality (incl. roles) according to the nature of the project
4. Compilation into city-level MRV operational manual
6
Setting General MRV Modality and Demarcation of Roles
MRV Authorization Unit (HCMC People’s Committee)
Sectoral Oversight Units (Respective departments and
agencies of HCMC)
MRV Management Unit (DONRE)
Mitigation Implementing Entities
(Various companies and organizations of HCMC)
- Identify mitigation actions and develop MRV Plan
- Conduct Monitoring - Prepare Monitoring Report
- Examine MRV Plans and Monitoring Report
- Approve MRV Plans and Monitoring Report
- Examine and consolidate MRV Plans and Monitoring Report
Role of organizations
7
7
Tailoring MRV Modalities according to the nature of Targeted Sectors/Actions
Fig. Example of MRV structure for transport sector
Fig. Example of MRV structure for waste sector Fig. Example of MRV structure for energy sector
HCMC
Saigon Bus
MOCPT
DONRE
HCMCPeoples Committee
MONRER
M
DOT
R
R
R
DataCollection
fromSaigonBus
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City-level GHG Inventory (1) • 2013 HCMC inventory developed on the basis of (1) Global Protocol for Community-scale GHG Inventory
(GPC) and (2) CCAP sectors covering stationary energy, transportation, waste, IPPU, AFOLU
City-level GHG Inventory (2)
Providing scientific evidences for GHG emissions in HCMC Better understanding of relative state of GHG emissions with other cities
GHG Emissions in Stationary Energy
HCMC accounts for approx. 16% of national GHG emissions while population accounts only for 9% of the national total.
1
Per Capita Emissions of HCMC is close to those of Buenos Aires and Seoul.
2
Effort to Institutionalize Inventory and MRV Processes in HCMC
10
HCMC People’s Committee Decision (180/UBND – DT、2018.1.13)
The PC Decision triggered -
Sustained effort of HCMC for quantification of GHGs & emission reductions through MRV
Securing own budget for inventory development & MRV studies
• Approving dissemination of Technical Manuals on GHG inventory and MRV to management
departments in HCMC to use as reference;
• Approving HCMC’s 2013 GHG Emission as about 38,5 mil CO2eq;
• Requesting DONRE/CCB to take lead and collaborate with line departments, district PCs and related
agencies to apply these manuals for period 2018-2020 and report back to MONRE;
• HCMC to collaborate with MONRE, JICA and line departments to work on plan for SPI-NAMA in
2018-2019 and report to PPC for consideration and decision
Early Lessons
City-level MRV Framework City-level GHG Inventory
Starting with simple framework (cost &
resource implication)
Setting the objective of MRV and its scope of
mitigation actions clear;
Grasping data requirement (flexibility to tailor
according to data accessibility & availability);
Setting methodological approach, monitoring
cycle and schedule;
Clear demarcation of tasks for monitoring
(alignment with existing system & reporting
channel)
Follow-up arrangement for continuous
systems improvement;
Disseminate!
Setting the scope of city-level inventory in line
with coverage of city’s climate plan & physical
boundary
Assessing data availability and data holders
Setting data collection & sharing scheme
(preferably backed up by legal instruction)
Selecting methodological approach in
accordance with city’s context
Setting calculation format
Systematizing validation of inventory results
Just do it (learning by doing process!)
Building Confidence for Actions
What’s Next?
• At national level, preparation of the legal framework (Government Decree) to implement NDC underway, including provisions for municipalities/cities.
• At city level, preparation for HCMC’s 3rd Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) 2021-2025, coinciding with the Implementation phase of the Paris Agreement, will start soon.
Legal Basis/Justification for climate actions by municipalities/cities
Science-/Evidence-based action plan
Front-runner of municipal-level climate actions
The Journey Continues…