Date post: | 29-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | prosper-harrington |
View: | 216 times |
Download: | 1 times |
By Andrea Rees
VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES
Gestalt Principles1) Closure2) Proximity3) Similarity4) Figure
VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES OVERVIEW
Depth Principles
• Binocular1) Convergence2) Retinal Disparity
• Monocular1) Accommodation2) Pictorial Cues1) Linear perspective
2) Interposition3) Texture gradient4) Relative size5) Height in the visual
field
Are rules that we apply to visual information to assist our organisation and
interpretation of the information in consistent and meaningful ways.
VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES
Refer to the ways in which we organise the features of a visual scene by grouping them to perceive a whole, complete form.
GESTALT PRINCIPLES
When we use figure-ground, we organise visual information by perceptually
dividing a visual scene into a ‘figure’, which stands out from the ‘ground’, which
is it’s surroundings. Figure ground organisation is generally achieved when we separate the figure
from the ground using a line or boundary between the figure and the ground, which
may or may not exist in the scene. This line of separation between the figure and
ground is known as a contour.
FIGURE-GROUND ORGANISATION.
Closure refers to the perceptual tendency to mentally ‘close up’, fill in or ignore gaps in a visual image and to perceive
object as complete (‘whole’).
CLOSURE
The principle of proximity (or nearness) is the tendency to perceive parts of a visual
images which are positioned close together as belonging together in a
group.
PROXIMITY
Depth perception is the ability to accurately estimate the distance of
objects and therefore perceive the world in three dimensions.
DEPTH PRINCIPLES
Sources of information from the environment (external cues) or from
within our body (internal cues) that help us to perceive how far away objects are
and therefore to perceive depth. Depth cues can be categorised into two groups- binocular (requiring the use of both eyes) or monocular (requiring the
use of only one eye).
DEPTH CUES
Require the use of both eyes working together in order to provide information to the brain about depth and distance.
BINOCULAR DEPTH CUES
Involves the brain detecting and interpreting depth or distance from
changes in tension in the eye muscles that occur when the two eyes turn inwards to
focus on objects that are close.
CONVERGENCE
Refers to the very slight difference (‘disparity’) in the location of the visual images on the
retina (due to their slightly different angles of views) which enables us to make judgements
about the depth or distance of an object.
RETINAL DISPARITY
Require the use of only one eye to provide information to the brain about depth and distance, but they also operate with both
eyes.They include accommodation and pictorial
cues such as linear perspective, interposition, texture gradient, relative
size and height in the visual field.
MONOCULAR DEPTH CUES
Involves the automatic adjustment of the shape of the lens to focus an object in response to
changes in how far away the object is.
ACCOMMODATION
Pictorial cues are named because artists use them to create depth and distance on two dimensional surfaces such as paper and
canvas.
PICTORIAL CUES
Is the apparent convergence of parallel lines as they recede (‘go back’) into the
distance.
LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
Or overlap as it is also called, occurs when one object partially blocks or covers another, and the partially blocked object
is perceived as further away than the object that obscures it (and vice versa).
INTERPOSITION
Refers to the gradual reduction of detail that occurs in a surface as it recedes into
the distance, compared with a surface that is close and perceived in fine detail.
TEXTURE GRADIENT
Refers to the tendency to visually perceive the object that produces the largest image
on the retina as being closer, and the object that produces the smallest image on the
retina as being further away.
RELATIVE SIZE
Refers to the location of objects in our field of vision, whereby objects that are located
closer to the horizon are perceived as being more distant than objects located further
from the horizon.
HEIGHT IN THE VISUAL FIELD
HorizonObject
that appears more distant
Thank-you for reading.
THE END.
A+