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Nouns
Proper nouns are specific. We capitalize proper nouns.
Carlos kicked the ball to Miguel.
Common nouns are not specific. We leave common nouns lower case unless they begin a sentence.
Carlos kicked the ball to Miguel.
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns.
I, me, my, mine, we , us, our, ours, you, your, yours, he, him, his, she, her, hers, its, it, they, them, their, theirs, myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves, this, that, these, those, who, whom, which, what, whose, all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everyone, everything, few, many, more, most, much, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, other, several, some, somebody, something, such
Gabe turned in his homework today. The word that a pronoun replaces is
called an antecedent. Gabe turned in his homework today.
Adjectives
An adjective is a word that is used to describe a noun or a pronoun.
The warm, gooey, delicious pizza.
Articles
An article lets you know whether you are talking about something in particular or something in general.
A, an, the *use an before a word starting with a
vowel. I bought an orange at the store. We returned the movie to the store.
Adverbs
An adverb describes a verb, adjective, and adverb.
Adverbs normally end in “ly”
He sang beautifully. The rain fell softly.
Verbs
A verb is a word used to express action or a state of being.
A verb phrase consists of at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs.
Helping verbs: can, could, do, did, does, had, has, have, may, shall, should, will, would.
The boy is leaving for Texas tomorrow. She should not have borrowed that necklace.
Preposition
A preposition shows time and place. Without prepositions, you wouldn’t be able to show relationships between words.
Aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along, amid, among, around, as, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, by, concerning, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, out, outside, over, past, since, through, throughout, till, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without
Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.
For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Jim wrote down the number, but he lost it.
I do work at home and at school.
Interjections
An interjection is a word that expresses emotion. It has no relation to the rest of the sentence.
Ah, aha, oh boy, hey, hurrah, oh, whoops, ouch, whew, yikes, yippee