By Maram Alabdulaaly 1

By Maram Alabdulaaly

The Past Perfect &The Past Perfect Progressive

By Maram Alabdulaaly 2

How is each tense formed?FIRST

When is each tense used?SECOND

Outline

Comparisons..Third

By Maram Alabdulaaly 3

Past Perfect Tense

By Maram Alabdulaaly 4

Subject Verb (past participle) Optional: the rest of the sentence

I had caught a fish earlier that day.Singular:• (Maram, Fahad.. etc)• (He, She, it)

left before Ann arrived.

Plural:• (The girls..etc).• (We, you, they)

had a delicious dinner.

Affirmative Sentences

Subject Verb (past participle)

Optional: the rest of the sentence

I had not caught a fish earlier that day.Singular:• (Maram, Fahad.. etc)• (He, She, it)

left before Ann arrived.

Plural:• (The girls..etc).• (We, you, they)

had a delicious dinner.

Negative Sentences

By Maram Alabdulaaly 5

Past Perfect Progressive

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Subject Verb (infinitive)+ing Optional: the rest of the sentence

I had been waiting for 15 minutes when he came.Singular:• (Maram, Fahad.. etc)• (He, She, it)

Plural:• (The girls..etc).• (We, you, they)

Affirmative Sentences

Negative SentencesSubject Verb (infinitive)+ing Optional: the rest of the sentence

I had Not been

waiting for 15 minutes when he came.Singular:• (Maram, Fahad.. etc)• (He, She, it)

Plural:• (The girls..etc).• (We, you, they)

By Maram Alabdulaaly 7

When to use the past perfect?

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When is it used? P501. To express an activity

that was complete before another activity or time in the past.

• By the time Sam got there, Ann had already left.

• Use: By the time.• Not use: before &

after.• The action in the

past perfect happened first.

Past FutureNow

X XAnn had already left Sam got there.

By Maram Alabdulaaly 9

When is it used? P50• Common reporting

verbs include: said, tell(someone), say, find out, learn, and discover.

2. Used in reported speech.• Fay said she had

finished her homework.

I finished my

homework

What did she say?She said that she had finished her homework.

By Maram Alabdulaaly 10

When is it used? P50

3. Past perfect is often found in more formal writing such as fiction. The writer uses the simple past to say that an event happened, and then uses the past perfect to explain what had happened before that event.

For, you see, so many out-of-the-way things had happened lately, that Alice had begun to think that very few things indeed were really impossible.

By Maram Alabdulaaly 11

When is it used? P50

3. Past perfect is often found in more formal writing such as fiction. The writer uses the simple past to say that an event happened, and then uses the past perfect to explain what had happened before that event.

2. Used in reported speech.• Fay said she had

finished her homework.

1. To express an activity that was complete before another activity or time in the past.

• By the time Sam got there, Ann had already left.

By Maram Alabdulaaly 12

When to use the Past perfect progressive?

By Maram Alabdulaaly 13

When is it used? P55

It emphasizes the duration of an activity that was in progress before another activity or time in the past.• Eric finally came at 6

O’clock. I had been waiting for him since four-thirty.

Past FutureNow

XHow long had you been waiting?

X

By Maram Alabdulaaly 14

When is it used? P55

May express an activity in progress close in time to another activity or time in the past.• When Judy got home, her

hair was still wet because she had been swimming.

Past FutureNow

X XShe had been

swimming Judy got home.

By Maram Alabdulaaly 15

When is it used? P55

I have been waiting for

you.

What did she say?She said that she had been waiting for you.

3. In reported speech

By Maram Alabdulaaly 16

Simple FutureLets compare it with the other tenses….

Simple Past

Past

Pro

gres

sive

Simple Present

PRESENT PRO

GRESSIVE

Future Progressive

By Maram Alabdulaaly 17

Past Future

No

w

To express an activity that was complete before another activity or time in the past.By the time it started to rain, Rita had already reached her house.

Two actions occurred at the same time, but one action began earlier and was in progress when the other action occurred.Rita was standing under a tree when it began to rain.

Past FutureNow

X X

Past Progressive Past Perfect

XRita was standing

under a tree.

X

It began to rain.

X

Rita had reached home. It started to rain.

By Maram Alabdulaaly 18

Emphasizes the duration of an activity that was in progress before another activity in the past.Rita had been standing under a tree for five minutes when it began to rain.

Two actions occurred at the same time, but one action began earlier and was in progress when the other action occurred.Rita was standing under a tree when it began to rain.

Past progressive Past Perfect Progressive

5 minutesPast FutureNow

XRita was standing

under a tree.

It began to rain.

X XPast FutureN

ow

X Rita had been standing under a

tree.

It began to rain.

X X