By OED IT Consultants

Linux for OEMBA Shooters

*The Penguin Artwork is the work of Larry Ewing <lewing@isc.tamu.edu> who created it using the GIMP tool

2

From Dilbert

Linux

3

Outline

Background

Linux ecosystem

Linux business environment

The future of Linux …

Linux

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History of LinuxLinus Torvalds in 1990/91

Computer science student at the university of HelsinkiWanted to develop a freely available academic version of UNIX

In 199312,000 Linux users!Linux is a complete UNIX clone

TodayLinux runs on a variety of HW platformsThere is a migration from UNIX to Linux on serversLinux is starting to encroach on Windows on client machines

Background

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What is Linux?Linux is an operating system

Foundational SW to:• Manage HW platform resources • Run SW applications • Provide a user interface

Consists of• Kernel (the core)• Device drivers (access to devices, e.g. network,

graphics, etc)• User interface (shells, etc)

Linux is Open SourceUnder the GPL/LGPL license terms

Background

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Who is developing Linux?

Everyone!The open source community

Decision makersLinus Torvalds is the king!A small set of people get to decide on what goes into the kernel

Changes are much more frequent than Windows

Double-edged sword

Background

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Is Linux Free?

Background

Basic package is freeKernel and driversUser has a license to use

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

New Hardware/ SoftwareOngoing maintenanceDeployment/TrainingMiscellaneous

New HW/SW

Miscellaneous

Deployment/Training

Maintenance

Source: The Yankee Group 2004 Windows, UNIX & Linux Comparison Survey

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Linux Applications and Tools

Free (several thousand)Open OfficeWeb ServersSoftware development tools

For saleDatabase and enterprise systemsPhone switches (PBX)Many other vertical applications

Background

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Linux Vendors

OS vendorsPackaging and distributionTechnical Support

SW VendorsApplications Complete solutions

Ecosystem

Source: The Yankee Group 2004 Windows, UNIX & Linux Comparison Survey

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Linux Trends

~30% of server market segmentTo hit $9.1B in 2008 (IDC, Dec 2004)

Client Linux adoption is growingTo hit $10B in 2008 (IDC, Dec 2004)

Emerging market governments policy

Favoring or mandating adoptionE.g. Public Republic of China

Ecosystem

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Example: Linux in China

Market83% growth in 01, 69% in 02 (ZDnet China)

RegulationGovernment mandating Linux as the OS of choice China electronics Standards Institute (CESI) responsible for Linux standards Coordination across government, industry and academia

Major player: RedFlag LinuxGovernment initiatedWide cooperation with IBM, HP, Intel, etc

Ecosystem

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Linux support by IBM & Oracle

IBMFull support for Linux

• Partnering with Novell

Provides Linux applications and solutionswww.ibm.com/linux

OracleFull support for Linux (UNIX Linux)Considering launching its own version of Linuxhttp://www.oracle.com/technologies/linux

Ecosystem

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$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fact

ory

Rev

enue

($M

)

Source: IMI analysis based on IDC Q305

Top Five Applications on Linux

2005 CAGR2009Factory Revenues ($B)

$2.0 29%$5.5RDBMS

$0.23 44%$1.0Secure Content Mgmt

$0.058 83%$0.64Human Capital Management

$0.031 112%$0.62Manufacturing

$0.35 14%$0.58Application Server SW Platform

$2.6 34%$8.4All Others

34%$16.7$5.2Total

Top 3 Linux Producers

MSS +/-Y/Y2004Factory Rev $M

63% +12pt98%$126Red Hat

20% -4pt36%$39.5Novell

6.7% -2pt18%$13.2Turbolinux Inc

2009 CAGR2005Factory

Revenue $M

$617 24%$263TAM

Linux TAM ($M)

$19

$134

$149

$315

ROW

APAC

W. Europe

NAMO

Geo Forecast 2009 ($M) '05-'09 CAGR

23%

23%

25%

31%

Business Environment

14Source: IMI analysis based on IDC Q305

Top 20 Fastest Growing Software Markets ($M)Highlighted rows are also top 20 size

Size Rank2009 CAGR2005Software Markets

8426%$419$0.55Mechanical CAD

Mechanical CAM 82132%$0.72$0.025

4112%$620$30.8Manufacturing

12109%$327$17.0Logistics

Product Information Mgmt (PIM) 46109%$68.0$3.6

Technical Data Analysis 63106%$27.8$1.5

15105%$258$14.5Production Planning

Spatial Information Management 5994%$37.0$2.6

Data Mining 5386%$46.6$3.9

383%$642$57.5Human Capital Management

Team Collaborative Apps 4171%$76.8$8.9

Web Server Software 4270%$74.2$8.8

1164%$336$46.3Data Management Facilities

Project Management 2148%$191$39.6

End-User DBMS 8347%$0.28$0.060

Output Management 5447%$46.2$9.8

1945%$218$48.9Inventory Management

End-User Query/Reporting/Anal. 2644%$162$37.4

244%$1,006$231Secure Content Mgmt

Marketing 4443%$72.0$17.0

68%$4,630$580Total

27%11%Percent of TAM

33%$17,302$5,479TAM

Business Environment

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Percent of WW Software Revenues

Source: IMI analysis based on IDC Q305

Top Five Software Vendors

Inc/DecY/Y 20042004MSSRevenue ($M)

Company

Oracle

+13pt75%129%$917$917RDBMS

+2pt25%63%$66.6$66.6Application Server SW Platform

+5pt6.1%900%$7.5$7.5Integration Server SW Platform

IBM

-11pt21%26%$255$255RDBMS

0pt24%50%$64.6$64.6Application Server SW Platform

0pt94%5.1%$44.7$44.7Integrated Collaborative Env.

BEA Systems

-1pt45%50%$120$120Application Server SW Platform

+29pt81%447%$22.4$22.4Enterprise Portals

+2pt18%131%$22.0$22.0Integration Server SW Platform

EMC

+2pt96%208%$66.8$66.8Virtual Machine Software

+4pt51%39%$36.1$36.1Storage Resource Mgmt. SW

0pt12%6.5%$10.9$10.9Backup & Archive Software

SAP

0pt71%23%$42.9$42.9Financial Applications

0pt46%16%$7.8$7.8Inventory Management

-2pt20%23%$6.0$6.0Human Capital Management

2004 Software Revenues ($ Million)$1,009

$477

$174$118 $90

Oracle IBM BEA EMC SAP

29.3%

13.8%

5.1% 3.4% 2.6%

Oracle IBM BEA EMC SAP

2002 2003 2004

Business Environment

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From FoxTrot

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Linux User Interface

Demo

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Discussion topics

Competition with MicrosoftLinux vs. Windows

License modelsLinux vs. FreeBSD

StandardizationFree Standards Group announcing the Linux Standard Base (LSB) 3.1

VirtualizationMultiple operating systems

Carrier Grade Linux

The Future of Linux …

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LinksParallels Runs Windows, Linux On MacIntel Platform http://www.crn.com/sections/breakingnews/breakingnews.jhtml?articleId=184429019&cid=CRNBreakingNews

VMware, Linux ISVs Launch Alternative Desktop Models http://www.crn.com/sections/breakingnews/breakingnews.jhtml?articleId=186700232&cid=CRNBreakingNews

Linux Cheaper, Easier Than Windows http://www.crn.com/sections/breakingnews/breakingnews.jhtml?articleId=180201589&cid=CRNBreakingNews

Negroponte Slimmer Linux needed for $100 laptop http://news.com.com/Negroponte+Slimmer+Linux+needed+for+100+laptop/2100-7346_3-6057456.html?tag=nefd.lede

Oracle says may launch own Linux version http://news.com.com/Oracle+says+may+launch+own+Linux+version/2100-7344_3-6061696.html?tag=nefd.top Linux cartoons http://folk.uio.no/hpv/linuxtoons/

To Probe Further …

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Linux, The GPL & LGPL

• Linux – an Operating System kernel– Entire operating system (including tools & libraries) often called

“Linux”• Free Software Foundation would prefer that OS be called

“GNU/Linux”

• Linux Licenses:– “GPL” – General Public License

• kernel, certain apps and libraries– “LGPL” – Lesser General Public License

• Certain (but not all) libraries– GPL and LGPL are both copyleft licenses

GPL and LGPL can also be used for non-Linux code

GPL/LGPL allow copying, modification, distribution of code under very specific terms

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UNIX Operating system Concepts

Author: Harish Srinivasappa

CV Software DevelopmentEnterprise Platform Validation

Ph: (408)653-8401

1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 22

Introduction

Course objectives

Course overview

References and readings

1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 23

Course Objectives

During this course we will learn

• Brief History of the UNIX operating system • Basic concepts of UNIX operating system• Important commands and utilities used in day to day

tasks• UNIX Shells and shell programming • UNIX administration

1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 24

Course Overview

Getting started UNIX File system Useful commands and utilities The vi editor Text handling in UNIX UNIX Shells and shell programming UNIX Administration

1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 25

Brief History of UNIX The first version of UNIX was created in 1969 by Kenneth

Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, system engineers at AT&T's Bell Labs. It went through many revisions and gained in popularity until 1977, when it was first made commercially available by Interactive Systems Corporation.

At the same time a team from the University of California at Berkeley was working to improve UNIX. In 1977 it released the first Berkeley Software Distribution, which became known as BSD.

By 1983 commercial interest was growing and Sun Microsystems produced a UNIX workstation. System V appeared, directly descended from the original AT&T UNIX and the prototype of the more widely used variant today.

1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 26

Different variants of UNIX

HP_UX Sun Solaris Free BSD SCO UNIX IBM_AIX Red Hat Linux SGI IRIX Turbo Linux SuSE Linux

1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 27

Getting Started

UNIX OS block diagram The UNIX operating system Accessing a UNIX system Logging in Logging out Changing password Remote login Using on-line manuals

1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 28

The UNIX operating system

UNIX Architecture - Block diagram

vi

as

grep

datea.out

ld

comp

whocpp

sh ed

cc

Other application programs

Kernel

Hardware

Other application programs

1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 29

The UNIX operating system (Cont)

In the above block diagram, the hardware is in the middle, and next to it the Kernel also called as the system core.

The kernel interacts with the underlying hardware, providing common services to the programs and insulating them from hardware idiosyncrasies.

The kernel emphasizes its isolations from other programs, hence allowing them to move across UNIX systems running different hardware configurations.

1/20/2002 Intel Corporation 30

The UNIX operating system (Cont)

The programs such as shell and editors (ed and vi) shown in the other layers interact with the kernel by invoking the well defined set of calls called System Calls.

The system calls instruct the kernel to do various operations for the calling programs and exchange the data between kernel and programs.

The other user applications work at the outer most layer with the help of shell and other commands in the layer below.