WikiWikiWikiWiki

OEMBA Class XX – Info SystemsOEMBA Class XX – Info Systems

ROGARROGARRoss * Osenar * Goodman * Atal * RemuzziRoss * Osenar * Goodman * Atal * Remuzzi

Sneak PeakSneak Peak

DefinitionDefinition Business ValueBusiness Value Selection CriteriaSelection Criteria Implementation IssuesImplementation Issues ExamplesExamples

Who is this?Who is this?

Ward CunninghamWard Cunningham

Programmed Programmed WikiWikiWeb in 1994WikiWikiWeb in 1994 The very first WikiThe very first Wiki

Former Principal Former Principal Engineer, TektronixEngineer, Tektronix

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WardCunninham

What did he want?What did he want?

The simplest online database

that could possibly work.

Source: wiki.org

What is ‘Wiki’?What is ‘Wiki’?

A A wikiwiki (<wee-kee> or <wick-ey>)(<wee-kee> or <wick-ey>) is a type of is a type of websitewebsite that allows anyone visiting the that allows anyone visiting the site to site to addadd, to remove, or otherwise to , to remove, or otherwise to edit all content, very quickly and easilyedit all content, very quickly and easily

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki

WikiWikiWikiWiki

Name of the shuttle buses at Honolulu Name of the shuttle buses at Honolulu International AirportInternational Airport

Hawaiian for ‘quick’ or ‘fast’Hawaiian for ‘quick’ or ‘fast’

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki

Common Features of WikiCommon Features of Wiki

Simple non-HTML editingSimple non-HTML editing Version history and change managementVersion history and change management SandboxesSandboxes Seamless Internet integrationSeamless Internet integration

Emerging 3Emerging 3rdrd-Gen -Gen FeaturesFeatures

WYSIWIG editingWYSIWIG editing Post via EmailPost via Email Document managementDocument management RSS feedsRSS feeds Customized application templatesCustomized application templates

Wiki SitesWiki Sites

James Bond Wiki James Bond Wiki

Ultima 5 Lazarus Wiki Ultima 5 Lazarus Wiki

Wiki SitesWiki Sites

James Bond WikiJames Bond Wiki

AlexWikiAlexWiki

Judaism WikiJudaism Wiki

Romanica WikiRomanica Wiki

RoxiWikiRoxiWiki

UbuntuUbuntu Wiki Wiki

Ultima 5 Lazarus WikiUltima 5 Lazarus Wiki

Wiki SitesWiki Sites

Ajax WikiAjax Wiki James Bond WikiJames Bond Wiki James WikiJames Wiki

AlbergSailingWikiAlbergSailingWiki Alder WikiAlder Wiki AlexWikiAlexWiki

Belarus WikiBelarus Wiki Judaism WikiJudaism Wiki JuggernautWikiJuggernautWiki JuggleWikiJuggleWiki

Handicap-That-BracketHandicap-That-Bracket

Romanica WikiRomanica Wiki RootstalkRootstalk RoxWiki RoxWiki RoxiWiki RoxiWiki

Ubuntu Wiki Ubuntu Wiki UbuntuFr UbuntuFr Ubuntuusers Ubuntuusers Ukcider Ukcider

Ultima 5 Lazarus Wiki Ultima 5 Lazarus Wiki UltraversityWiki UltraversityWiki

UndernetWiki UndernetWiki

Wiki SitesWiki Sites

Ajax WikiAjax Wiki James Bond WikiJames Bond Wiki James WikiJames Wiki

FlashmobFlashmob-wiki-wiki FlexWikiFlexWiki FlexiconWikiFlexiconWiki Flexikon WikiFlexikon Wiki AlacraWikiAlacraWiki Alaska WikiAlaska Wiki AlbergSailingWikiAlbergSailingWiki Alder WikiAlder Wiki AlebWikiAlebWiki AlexWikiAlexWiki Beagle WikiBeagle Wiki

Beijing WikiBeijing Wiki Belarus WikiBelarus Wiki Judaism WikiJudaism Wiki JuggernautWikiJuggernautWiki JuggleWikiJuggleWiki JuneauWirelessWikiJuneauWirelessWiki JungleBookWikiJungleBookWiki

Handicap-That-BracketHandicap-That-Bracket HannoverWikiHannoverWiki HardwikiHardwiki RoleWikiRoleWiki Romanica WikiRomanica Wiki RootstalkRootstalk RoxWikiRoxWiki RoxiWikiRoxiWiki Template:AddTemplate:Add

TeogoniaTeogonia TeronWikiTeronWiki TerraWikiTerraWiki Ubuntu WikiUbuntu Wiki UbuntuFrUbuntuFr UbuntuusersUbuntuusers UkciderUkcider Ukraine.byUkraine.by Ultima 5 Lazarus WikiUltima 5 Lazarus Wiki UltraversityWikiUltraversityWiki Ultronomicon WikiUltronomicon Wiki UmmWikiUmmWiki UncyclopediaUncyclopedia UndernetWikiUndernetWiki

Wiki SitesWiki Sites

Ajax WikiAjax Wiki James Bond WikiJames Bond Wiki James WikiJames Wiki Flashcom WikiFlashcom Wiki FlashlineWikiFlashlineWiki Flashmob-wikiFlashmob-wiki FlexWikiFlexWiki FlexiconWikiFlexiconWiki Flexikon WikiFlexikon Wiki AlacraWikiAlacraWiki Alaska WikiAlaska Wiki AlbergSailingWikiAlbergSailingWiki Alder WikiAlder Wiki AlebWikiAlebWiki AlexWikiAlexWiki Beagle WikiBeagle Wiki Beblio WikiBeblio Wiki Beer WikiBeer Wiki Beijing WikiBeijing Wiki Belarus WikiBelarus Wiki Judaism WikiJudaism Wiki JuggernautWikiJuggernautWiki JuggleWikiJuggleWiki JuneauWirelessWikiJuneauWirelessWiki JungleBookWikiJungleBookWiki

Handicap-That-BracketHandicap-That-Bracket HannoverWikiHannoverWiki HardwikiHardwiki RoleWikiRoleWiki Romanica WikiRomanica Wiki RootstalkRootstalk RoxWikiRoxWiki RoxiWikiRoxiWiki Template:AddTemplate:Add Template:WikiTemplate:Wiki Template:Wiki ListTemplate:Wiki List TeogoniaTeogonia TeronWikiTeronWiki TerraWikiTerraWiki Ubuntu WikiUbuntu Wiki UbuntuFrUbuntuFr UbuntuusersUbuntuusers UkciderUkcider Ukraine.byUkraine.by Ultima 5 Lazarus WikiUltima 5 Lazarus Wiki UltraversityWikiUltraversityWiki Ultronomicon WikiUltronomicon Wiki UmmWikiUmmWiki UncyclopediaUncyclopedia UndernetWikiUndernetWiki

Wiki PrinciplesWiki Principles

NPOVNPOV OpenOpen IncrementalIncremental OrganicOrganic UniversalUniversal PrecisePrecise TolerantTolerant ObservableObservable Convergent Convergent

Wiki for BusinessWiki for Business

Easy, Flexible and EfficientEasy, Flexible and Efficient

Neutralizes distance, time & Neutralizes distance, time & organizational hierarchyorganizational hierarchy

Wiki is a dynamic way for Wiki is a dynamic way for knowledge managementknowledge management

Relevance of Knowledge Relevance of Knowledge ManagementManagement

Importance of intellectual assets to Importance of intellectual assets to businesses businesses

Global business environment and virtual Global business environment and virtual work teamswork teams

Strong knowledge management = Strong knowledge management = Competitive advantage Competitive advantage

Knowledge ManagementKnowledge Management

Retains corporate knowledgeRetains corporate knowledge

Leverages employee knowledge Leverages employee knowledge

Improves cross functional communication Improves cross functional communication

KM SpiralKM Spiral

Socialization

Combination

Externalization

Internalization

Tacit Knowledge

Explicit Knowledge

From

ToTacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge

Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995

Features of KMFeatures of KM

Objective and Subjective are intertwinedObjective and Subjective are intertwined

Attempts to objectify individual’s knowledgeAttempts to objectify individual’s knowledge

Forces the learning and appreciation of others’ Forces the learning and appreciation of others’ tacit knowledgetacit knowledge

Source: Gonzalez-Reinhart. Source: Gonzalez-Reinhart. Wiki and the Wiki Way: Wiki and the Wiki Way: Beyond a Knowledge Management SolutionBeyond a Knowledge Management Solution Feb 2005 Feb 2005

Original KM ApplicationsOriginal KM Applications

Proprietary solutionsProprietary solutions

Did not socialize internal knowledgeDid not socialize internal knowledge

Provided for static accumulation of dynamic Provided for static accumulation of dynamic knowledgeknowledge

Victim of technology—not knowledge—focusVictim of technology—not knowledge—focus

FragmentedFragmented

Wiki as a KM Killer AppWiki as a KM Killer App

LightweightLightweight SocialSocial

DemocraticDemocratic CollaborativeCollaborative CommunalCommunal

DynamicDynamic ConvergentConvergent

The Wiki WayThe Wiki Way

Package Selection ConsiderationsPackage Selection Considerations Implementation IssuesImplementation Issues

Selection CriteriaSelection Criteria

Open Source or CommercialOpen Source or Commercial SecuritySecurity Ease of UseEase of Use ScalabilityScalability Total Cost of OwnershipTotal Cost of Ownership

Open Source or CommercialOpen Source or Commercial

Installation, Support, MaintenanceInstallation, Support, Maintenance CustomizationCustomization

Source code accessSource code access

Form FactorForm Factor Hosted ASP or applianceHosted ASP or appliance PerformancePerformance

Capital BudgetCapital Budget

SecuritySecurity

Access Control/RightsAccess Control/Rights User authentication and authorizationUser authentication and authorization

Version ManagementVersion Management TraceabilityTraceability RollbackRollback AuditingAuditing

Ease of UseEase of Use

Editing supportEditing support SearchabilitySearchability Change notificationChange notification Change comparisonChange comparison Graphical designGraphical design

ScalabilityScalability

Number of usersNumber of users Number of pagesNumber of pages

Total Cost of OwnershipTotal Cost of Ownership

Purchase PricePurchase Price InstallationInstallation TrainingTraining SupportSupport MaintenanceMaintenance CustomizationCustomization

Sample PricesSample Prices

100 Users100 Users 5,000 Users5,000 Users

ConfluenceConfluence $3,000$3,000 $6,000$6,000

CustomerVisionCustomerVision $30,000$30,000 $60,000$60,000

JotSpotJotSpot $1,834$1,834 $5,394$5,394

SocialTextSocialText $5,940$5,940 $250,000$250,000

DocuShare CPXDocuShare CPX $200,000$200,000

Primary Source: “Network Computing for IT”, 1-Apr-06

ImplementationImplementation

Change AgentsChange Agents Small teams – grassroots effortSmall teams – grassroots effort Formal organizations – top-down mandateFormal organizations – top-down mandate

FragmentationFragmentation Plan aheadPlan ahead

Cultural ResistanceCultural Resistance Knowledge traditionally equals securityKnowledge traditionally equals security Create an incentive system that rewards knowledge Create an incentive system that rewards knowledge

disbursementdisbursement

A few examplesA few examples

Knowledge ConversionKnowledge ConversionAgile Software DevelopmentAgile Software Development

Tacit Knowledge TO Explicit Knowledge

Tacit Knowledge

SocializationSharing of tacit knowledge among individuals and from the organization to the individual

Daily Scrum Scrum of Scrums Pair programming Iteration planning Iteration review Modeling workshops Delphi estimation

ExternalizationThe articulation and systematization of tacit into explicit knowledge

WikisWikis Backlogs Burndown charts Technical Memos N+1 view SW Architecture Doc. Whiteboard snapshots Mission/vision statementFROM

InternalizationInstructions and principles are converted into intuition and routines

LeanSD training C++ training IDOV training Real-time systems training GRASP / design patterns Refactoring Test-first development

CombinationA key role of information systems is to combine different units of information and other forms of explicit knowledge

DocuShare PMDs Usage Profile data warehouse Earned-value tracking

Explicit Knowledge

Matrix Tool: Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995

Addition of Wiki Capability to Addition of Wiki Capability to Document Management Document Management ApplicationApplication

Wiki in SummaryWiki in Summary

Socially enticingSocially enticing Easy to useEasy to use Used across dispersed environmentsUsed across dispersed environments Dynamic and collaborativeDynamic and collaborative

PowerfulPowerful Allows for collection of what is considered Allows for collection of what is considered

consistently relevant knowledge by the groupconsistently relevant knowledge by the group Principles of use bring order to that knowledgePrinciples of use bring order to that knowledge

Questions?Questions?