eg: He flattered the leader as a great man, butthe leader was not very pleased
Antonym: Blame sEÙCÙàŸè[Ùz. eg: He blamedhis friend for his faults.
5. Prevail = Succeed sáóŸªÙ ð»Ùë]ªz. eg: Ourschool team prevailed over the otherschool team in the game.
Antonym: Yield sö˹ÙTð¼÷±z. eg: The teamyielded to our school team without anyresistance.
6. Sleek = Smooth/ polished sìªìoÞ¥ ð§LùÃà¶ú‡ìz. eg: He has bought a car and that isvery sleek.
Antonym: Rough. sîμ«åªÞ¥ Ñìoz. eg: He isvery rough and lacks courtesy.
7. Scared = Afraid sòÅ¡óŸªí£è[ªz. eg: He is veryscared of his enemy and has run away.
Antonym: Bold sëÅμjô¢uÙÞ¥ ÑÙè[ªz. eg: He facedhis enemy boldly and defeated him.
8. Rebuke = Scold sAådè[Ùz. eg: The fatherscolded him for the low marks he got in theexams.
Antonym: Praise sð»Þœè[åÙz. eg: The teacher praised him for standing first
in the class. 9. Track = Pursue / follow sî�μÙñè…ÙàŸè[Ùz. eg: He tracked his enemy to his hiding place. Antonym: Escape sêŸí‡pÙàŸªÚ•ìªz. eg: His enemy escaped from where he hid
him and ran away.10. Hardship = Difficulty sÚÛÿ§dõªz. eg: He faced many hardships in life and
finally succeeded in leading a happy life. Antonym: Consolation s×ë¯ô¢ªpz. eg: He had consolation from his sister for the
hardships he suffered.
VOCABULARY
IIn the last lesson we have seen the uses of lit-tle, a little, very little, the little and few, a few,very few and the few. Now we are going tosee the comparative and superlative degreesof these adjectives. sÚ¨Ùë]æ¨ ð§ôÈ¢Ùö˺ ÷ªìÙ little,a little, very little, Few, a few, Very few, andthe few Ñí£óμ«Þ¥õª àŸ«ø‹Ù.z
For a large quantity of uncountable, thecomparative and the superlative degrees aremore and most sà¦ö° šíë]Ì îμ³êŸhÙö˺ ÑìoöËμÚÛ\šíådö˶E î¦æ¨Ú¨, comparative, superlative õªmore and most.z Similarly for a large numberof countable, the comparative and superlativeare more and most. söËμÚÛ\šíç˶d î¦æ¨Ú¨ ÚÛ«è¯comparative, superlative õª ÚÛ«è¯ more andmost.zExamples: Uncountable:a) There is more sugar in this bag than in that
bag (Uncountable). sÐ ñþ§hö˺ Î ñþ§h ÚÛÙç˶ÓÚÛª\÷ àŸ·Ú\ô¢ ÑÙC n öËμÚÛ\šíådö˶ECz
b) This bag contains the most sugar of all thebags here (Uncountable) sÐ ñþ§hö˺ÏÚÛ\è[ªìo ÍEo ñþ§hõ ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\÷ àŸ·Ú\ô¢
ÑÙC. öËμÚÛ\šíådö˶ECzCountable:a) This bag has more cabbages than all the
other bags. sÐ ñþ§hö˺ ÏêŸô¢ ñþ§hõ ÚÛÙç˶ÓÚÛª\÷ Ú¥uò˶@õª Ñû¦oô³.z
b) This bag has the most cabbages of all thebags. sÐ ñþ§hö˺ ÍEo ñþ§hõ ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\÷Ú¥uò˶@õª Ñû¦oô³.z
He ran in a haste to see..He ran in a haste to see..He ran in a haste to see..He ran in a haste to see..He ran in a haste to see..He ran in a haste to see..He ran in a haste to see..
- Israel1) Islands of prosperity in the sea of poverty.A: In a large area of poverty, there are a few
places of wealth.2) Escape in the nick of time.A: Escape in the last minute. 3) Just a tip of an iceberg.A: A problem that appears to be small but
under it is a big problem.4) Testing the waters.A: Finding out the depth of waters.5) String of shell companies.A: A non-trading company used as a way for
financial transactions and not functioning.6) The cat has been belled.A: The mice discuss belling the cat, but none
dares to do it. Finally they give up bellingthe cat.
7) Seeks silver but bag's gold.A: People search for silver but fortunately
find gold.8) Cracked the whip.A: Use your authority to make someone else
behave better or work harder.9) Took a dig.A: Insulting or making someone angry – this
is an American usage.10) "You pleased my ears and I pleased
your's ".
A: Make someone happy and feel happybecause of the others.
H Sir, please let me guide to the following.
- Kantipudi Kameswara Rao
1) This is not the correct way to make con-versation.
Can we write the same as follows.
This is no way to make conversation.
A: Yes, you can.
H Sir, please clarify the following doubts.
- Vijay Sangram Vedanthi
1) All of you are informed that it is due toDiwali, two days are declared as holidays– please say if the above is right or not.
A: The sentence is correct.
2) Don't be cruel – please say the questiontag.
A: Don’t you be cruel, do you?
3) Do try these lovely straberries – please saythe question tag.
A: Do try these lovely strawberries, willyou?
4) He was playing chess – can this sentencebe used to indicate past habit – i.e. it washis habit of playing chess in the past.
A: It is right. He used to play chess – this isbetter
ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy ÑëÁuÞ¥õª1. Adroit = Skilful and clever sûμjí£±éuÙ Ñìoz,
especially in dealing with people. eg: Henegotiated adroitly between the two rivalsand settled their quarrel peacefully
Antonym: Stupid s÷´ô¢^êŸyÙêÁ Ñìoz. eg: Heis a stupid and does not know how to han-dle the situation.
2. Remit = Send money regularly sè[ñª(ú£vÚÛ÷ªÙÞ¥ í£Ùí£è[Ùz. eg: He works abroadand remits money to his parents regularlykeeping a little for himself.
Antonym: Retain (Continue to have nEõªí£±Ú•ìª/ Ú•ìþ§TÙàŸªz. eg: Virat Kohliretained his previous rank in batting.
3. Restrict = Control the freedom of a person(EóŸªÙvAÙàŸè[Ù). eg: Having committed acrime, he is restricted to the walls of theprison and is never let out
Antonym: Free (N÷³Ú¨h ð»Ùë]åÙ). eg: He is
free to move anywhere because he has norestrictions.
4. Anchor = i) A newscaster on the TV (TVö˺ î¦ô¢hõª àŸCî�¶î¦ô¢ª/ Ú¥ô¢uvÚÛ÷«õªEô¢yÙà¶î¦ô¢ª) eg: We have plenty ofanchors on the Telugu TV, but not all ofthem are well trained.
H No Antonym for the first meaning.ii) A heavy object attached to a cable or chain
to moor a ship to the sea bottom sõÙÞœô¢ªz. eg: The sailors anchored the ship to the bot-
tom of the sea. Antonym: Release.
5. Jovial = Good humoured/ jocular sú£ô¢ë¯Þ¥ì÷±y꟫ ÑÙè˶z. eg: He is very jovial andentertains the people around him with hisjokes
Antonym: Morose (à¦ö° êŸÚÛª\÷Þ¥ ÷«æ°xè˶z.
eg: He is always morose and never laughseven at the best joke.
6. Laud = Praise sø‹xíƇªÙàŸåÙ/ ð»Þœè[åÙz. eg: They lauded his efforts to save the people
from the fire accidentAntonym: Criticize sN÷ªJ)ÙàŸåÙz eg: They
criticized his efforts at belittling the greatwork his friend had done.
7. Greedy = Avaricious së]ªô¦øŒí£ô¢ªöËμjìz.eg: He was very greedy about money, and he
would not give a pie to others.Antonym: Generous së¯êŸ”êŸyÙ Þœõz. eg: Karna was very generous.
K Sir, nowadays there is more usage of pas-sive forms of sentence in English gram-mar/terminology tell me about that usageand where passive forms can not be written?
more active forms than passive forms.Only when the doer of an action is notknown or when we refer to things in gen-eral, do we used passive forms.Otherwise the trend now is to use onlyactive forms. The usage now is: Please donot smoke, instead of smoking is strictlyprohibited, Please do not cut across thelawn, etc.
K Sir, please explain the meanings of the fol-lowing sentences.
means. A: The lands were collected through deceit-
ful ways. 2) They have unleashed the campaignA: They have started working in an orga-
nized way to start a movement/ in anorganized way to move towards a goal.
3) Have been spruced up for the purposeA: Its appearance has been improved to ful-
fill the purpose.4) Negotiate a precipitous zoneA: Negotiate (start discussion) on a very dan-
gerous situation. Precipitous = very steepand falling a long way very fast.Negotiate about a dangerous situation.
K ú£ôÂ, Ú¨ÙC î¦Ú¥uõìª ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ Ô÷ªÙæ°ôÁêμõªí£Þœõô¢ª.
- T. Rameshudu, Tadipatri1) î¦ô¢ª í£±ú£hÚ¥õÚÛª Íådõª î�¶ú£ªhû¦oô¢ª.A: They are wrapping up their books.2) ÍêŸè… Ú¥õªÚ¨ ô¦ô³ êŸTL Þ¥óŸªîμªiÙC.A: His feet hit a stone, and he is injured. 3) û¶ìª ð»õÙö˺ NêŸhû¦õª àŸõªx꟪û¦oìª.A: I am sprinkling seeds in my field.4) Ïë]Ìô¢ª Bv÷ÙÞ¥ Þ¥óŸªí£è¯“ô¢ª.A: Two people were seriously injured. 5) ÍêŸè… ìè[ª÷³Ú¨ ëμñ(õª êŸTö°ô³.A: His waist is injured.6) Îîμª ìè[ª÷³Ú¨ ÷诓éÙ ëÅ]JÙ#ÙC.A: She wore a girdle around her waist.
7) Ú¥÷³ ô¦Vìª ÞœªCÌ àŸÙ›íø‹è[ª.A: Kamu fisticuffed Raju and killed him. 8) ÍêŸè[ª ÷³Ý°EÚ¨ å÷öËÀ ÚÛí£±pÚÛªû¦oè[ª.A: He covered his face with a towel. 9) Eìo û¦ÚÛª Cù‡d êŸTLÙC. A: An evil spirit hit me yesterday. cCù‡deÚ¨ ú£·ôjì
- D. Divya, ZingapuramA: English is very easy. It is not at all diffi-
cult. Read the English newspaper everyday for at least half an hour. Read someshort stories prescribed for classes 1 to 5.Then you can pick up English very easily.
K ú£ôÂ, Ú¨ÙC í£ë¯õÚÛª Íô¦–õª N÷JÙ#, OõªÙç˶ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Ñë¯ï£°ô¢éõª êμõªí£Þœõô¢ª.
- G. Sreenu, Chandana1) Hangover A: The effect that drink leaves on you after
you get drunk (ê¦Tì þ§ô¦ ví£òÅ°÷Ù ÏÙÚ¥ÑÙè[åÙ)
2) Anti-terrorism A: Against terrorism (ÑvÞœî¦ë¯EÚ¨ ÷uA¸ôÚÛÙÞ¥)3) Bumper hitA: Great fortune – suddenly getting a huge
- U. Bhaskar, NarsapuramA: Soap, sheep – These two are used both in
singular and plural. ‘Police’ is alwaysplural. Police man –Singular, and policemen – plural. When you refer to differentkinds of soap, you use the plural form,‘soaps’. However, sheep is both singularand plural.
- A. Bhargavi, ChikkepalliK Sir, please let me know the meanings of
the following in Telugu.1) Intrinsically A: ÖÚÛ ë¯E ú£yòÅ°î¦Eo ñæ¨d. eg: He has intrin-
sic merit – ú£ï£°áÙÞ¥û¶ ÍêŸEÚ¨ Î øŒÚ¨h ÑÙC.2) Mentor A: Þœªô¢ª÷±.3) TackleA: ë¶ûμj¬oû¦ ú£·ôjì ví£óŸªêŸoÙêÁ à¶óŸªåÙ.K 1) ú£ôÂ, "The grass is always greener on the
other side of the hill." - DEÚ¨ êμõªÞœª Íô¢–Ùë]«ô¢í£± Ú•Ùè[õª ìªìªí£± ÍìªÚÁ÷à¦a?
- Kiran, NalgondaA: You can take that meaning. Or it means
that we always feel the grass is alwaysgreen on the other side of the hill.
2) Dear sir, please give me examples for thefollowing and let me know their meanings.
1) Silver bulletA: A bullet made of silver, supposedly the
only weapon that could kill a werewolf.OR, A simple and seemingly a magicalsolution to a problem.
2) Happy sad A: Happy for one reason, and sad for another
In the last lesson we have seen countableand uncountable nouns. We have also seenmore and most are the comparative andsuperlative degrees of both the countable anduncountable nouns. sÚ¨Ùë]æ¨ ð§ôÈ¢Ùö˺ ÷ªìÙÎÙÞœxÙö˺ Ú•Eo nouns uncountable ÍÙç˶öËμÚÛ\šíådö˶E÷E, î¦æ¨Ú¨ plurals ÑÙè[÷Eêμõªú£ªÚÛªû¦oÙ.z
eg: a) Most students in the class are clever.(Superlative). More students in that sec-tion are cleverer than those in this section(Comparative). This is for countables.
H More and most are the comparative andsuperlative degrees of uncountables too.(Uncountable ÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ more and most com-parative and superlative degrees)
eg: a) Most of the milk was wasted(Uncountable - superlative) sÏCöËμÚÛ\šíådö˶EC n ë¯EÚ¨ superlative degreeÏë¶z.
b) More sugar is there in that vessel than inthis vessel (Uncountable – comparative)sàŸ·Ú\ô¢ ÚÛ«è¯ öËμÚÛ\šíådö˶EC n ÏC comparativedegreez
a) Some books are on the table (Countable)sí£±ú£hÚ¥õª ÍÙç˶ öËμÚÛ\šíç˶dN ÚÛë¯z
b) There is some milk in the glass(Uncountable) sð§õª Íû¶N öËμÚÛ\šíådö˶ENz.
c) I have some friends in Delhi (Countable)sû¦ÚÛª Ú•ÙêŸ÷ªÙC ›úo꟪õª Ñû¦oô¢ª CMxö˺. ÏCöËμÚÛ\šíådÞœLTÙC.z
d) He wasted a lot of milk (Uncountable)sÍêŸìª à¦ö° ð§õª ÷”ëǯ à¶ø‹è[ª n öËμÚÛ\šíådö˶ECz.
e) Most books in the shop are high priced(Countable) sÎ ë]ªÚ¥éÙö˺ à¦ö° í£±ú£hÚ¥õ ëÅ]ô¢ÍA ÓÚÛª\÷ n öËμÚÛ\ šíådÞœLTìNz
f) Most rice grown here is exported.(Uncountable) sÏÚÛ\è[ šíJ¸Þ ÷JE ÏêŸô¢ë¶ø‹õÚÛª ÓÞœª÷ªA à¶þ§hô¢ª n öËμÚÛ\šíådö˶ECz
Remember carefully these things always.The following words are uncountable, that
is, they are used only in the singular andnever in plural. However, before them youcould always use a piece or pieces. The fol-lowing are uncountable nouns. Understandthem carefully and remember them.
UNCOUNTABLES
The following nouns are always used asuncountables. sÐ Ú¨ÙC nouns ÍFoöËμÚÛ\šíådö˶ENz
1) Advice sú£õz – a piece of advice / piecesof advice, but never advices.
2) Bread sô•çËμdz – a slice s÷³ÚÛ\z / a loaf ofbread sô•çËμd šíë]ÌCz or slices/loaves of bread
3) Business (Business as trade is used both inthe singular and plural), but if businessmeans work, then it is uncountable. Youthen say an item of / items of business.sí£E Íû¶ Íô¢–ÙêÁ business öËμÚÛ\šíådö˶ECz.
4) Furniture sÏÙæ˺x Þœ”Ë˺í£ÚÛô¢é°õª nöËμÚÛ\šíådö˶ENz – an item / items of furniture;a piece / pieces of furniture.
5) Information sú£÷«à¦ô¢Ù n öËμÚÛ\šíådö˶ECÎÙÞœxÙö˺z – a piece of / pieces of informa-tion
6) Machinery sóŸªÙvêŸÙ n öËμÚÛ\šíådö˶ECz – anitem / items of machinery
7) News sú£÷«à¦ô¢Ùz – a piece of News8) Paper – a slip of / a sheet of – slips of /
sheets of sÚ¥Tê¦EÚ¨ ÚÛ«è¯ plural ö˶ë]ª n ÖÚÛÚ¥TêŸÙ ÷³ÚÛ\ ÍEÞ¥F, ÷³ÚÛ\õª ÍEÞ¥F ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.sheet of paper/ sheets of paper).
9) Poetry – a piece of / pieces of (ÚÛNêŸyÙ n ÏCÚÛ«è¯ uncountable)
He is quite Nostalgic..!He is quite Nostalgic..!He is quite Nostalgic..!He is quite Nostalgic..!He is quite Nostalgic..!He is quite Nostalgic..!He is quite Nostalgic..!VOCABULARY
1. Enigmatic = Perplexing/ confusingsÞœÙë]ô¢ÞÁüŒí£Jà¶z. eg: He kept on an enig-matic smile the meaning of which noneknew.
Antonym: Plain sê¶åêμõxÙÞ¥ ÑÙè˶z. eg:His explanations were quite plain andevery student understood it.
eg: The acoustics in the hall was not prop-er and the audience found it difficultto understand the speech of the speaker.
Antonym: Silence sEøŒ)ñÌÙz. eg: He spokein such silence that none understoodwhat he was saying.
3. Sadistic = Deriving pleasure fromcausing pain to others sÏêŸô¢ªõÚÛª ò°ëÅ]ÚÛLTÙ# ú£ÙêÁù£Ù ð»Ùë]è[Ùz. eg: He is verysadistic and enjoys pleasure from thepain caused to the others.
Antonym: Kind së]óŸªÞœõz. eg: He is verykindhearted and never causes trouble tothe others.
eg: He is quite nostalgic about his homewhich he left for a job in some otherplace
5. Articulate = Able to speak sàŸÚÛ\Þ¥÷«æ°xè[Þœõz / Express oneself s÷ªìú£ªö˺ÑìoC àμí£pÞœõz. eg: He was able to artic-ulate his feelings without any hesita-tion.
6. Scant = Inadequate / not enough sà¦Mà¦õEz. eg: He gave his boss scantrespect and was dismissed from service.
Antonym: Abundant sNþ§hô¢ÙÞ¥ Ñìoz.eg: There is an abundance of food for all
the travelers.
7. Stealthy = Secret sô¢ï£°ú£uÙÞ¥ ඛú í£Ez.eg: He entered the room stealthily without
being noticed by anybody.Antonym: Open sò°ï£„åÙÞ¥z. eg: He open-
ly came into the room in spite of thepolice there.
8. Stray = Wander sÔ í£F ö˶ÚÛªÙè¯ Aô¢Þœè[Ùz. eg: Having lost his near and dear ones he
strayed about in the streets for amonth.
Antonym: Settle sú‡–ô¢í£è[åÙz. eg: He set-tled down in Mumbai and carried on hisbusiness there.
9. Tranquillity = Calmness sví£ø‹ÙêŸêŸz.eg: The lake had tranquillity and the boat
was able to sail safely Antonym: Disturbance sÞœÙë]ô¢ÞÁüŒ í£Jú‡–Aö˺Ñìoz. eg: Because of the storm the seawas full of disturbance and no sailorventured into the sea.
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