C17 Organizing LifeC17 Organizing Life’’s Diversitys Diversity
A little history:A little history: Aristotle (2000 years ago)Aristotle (2000 years ago)
Plants and animals Plants and animals (2 kingdom system)(2 kingdom system)
Carolus Linnaeus (1750s)Carolus Linnaeus (1750s) Binomial nomenclatureBinomial nomenclature
Genus species (Genus species (Canis familaris, Canis lupus)Canis familaris, Canis lupus)http://www.stenudd.com/myth/greek/images/aristotle.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Carolus_Linnaeus_by_Hendrik_Hollander_1853.jpg/429px-Carolus_Linnaeus_by_Hendrik_Hollander_1853.jpg
Taxonomy (define)Taxonomy (define)
Domain Domain contains contains EukaryoteEukaryote Kingdom Kingdom contains contains AnimaliaAnimalia Phylum Phylum which contains which contains ChordataChordata Class Class which contains which contains MammaliaMammalia Order Order which contains which contains CarnivoraCarnivora Family Family which contains which contains CanidaeCanidae Genus Genus which contains which contains CanusCanus Species Species familarisfamilaris
http://www.findextrawork.co.uk/images/dog_nursery.jpg
http://www.fw.delaware.gov/Info/DogControl.htm
I can’t believe I’m going to say this, but see Wikipedia for examples
How do they figure out what How do they figure out what organism belongs in what group?organism belongs in what group?
Dichotomous KeysDichotomous Keys
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/Biologicaldiverstity/Classification/cladogram_1.gif
Taxonomy Cont.Phylogeny – theorized evolutionary history of a species
Cladistics – closeness of organisms based on similarities of characteristics (organizing a closet)
- classification based on phylogeny(also use of DNA & embryology & morphology)
fur, mammary glands
claws or nails
lungsjaws
feathers
Cladogram
http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Summaries/Phylogeny.htm
17.2 Intro to Kingdoms of 17.2 Intro to Kingdoms of LIfeLIfe
6 Kingdom System6 Kingdom System ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria EubacteriaEubacteria ProtistaProtista FungiFungi PlantaePlantae AnimaliaAnimalia
5 Kingdom System5 Kingdom System MoneraMonera ProtistsProtists FungiFungi PlantaePlantae AnimaliaAnimalia
3 Domains:
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Interesting Fact: 99% of Animals areinvertebrates
1% of Animals are vertebrates (fish, amphibs, reps, birds, mams
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
-2 kingdoms-No membrane bound organelle-Ribosomes-Circular chromosomes & plasmid-1/10th the size of euks
-4 kingdoms-Membrane bound organelle-Ribosomes-Linear chromosomes-10X the size of pros
http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/slides/life/proeu.gifhttp://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/micro229/terry/images/other/pro_eu.GIF
Get out Kingdom chartGet out Kingdom chart
Organisms are put into Kingdoms Organisms are put into Kingdoms based on:based on:
Cell typeCell type Cell constructionCell construction Body typeBody type
Unicellular vs MulticellularUnicellular vs Multicellular
NutritionNutritionhttp://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect20/celltypes.jpg
http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_124/Images/cellwall.jpeg
Students gather general info from text on each Students gather general info from text on each kingdomkingdom
Plants and Animal KingdomsPlants and Animal Kingdoms Cells that Cells that differentiatedifferentiate
““division of labordivision of labor””
Because cells differentiate can organizeBecause cells differentiate can organize TissueTissue OrganOrgan Organ sytemOrgan sytem
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/tutorials/immunology/graphics/cell.gif
http://stemcells.nih.gov/StaticResources/info/scireport/images/figure42.jpg
Pluipotent vs totipotent