Chile Earthquake and TsunamiChile Earthquake and Tsunamiof February 27of February 27thth, 2010 , 2010

Chile Earthquake and TsunamiChile Earthquake and Tsunamiof February 27of February 27thth, 2010 , 2010

ASCE/COPRI ASCE/COPRI RECONNAISSANCERECONNAISSANCE

ASCE/COPRI ASCE/COPRI RECONNAISSANCERECONNAISSANCE

COPRIPresented by:

Omar Jaradat, Ph.D., P.E.,M P h P E

Presented by:

Omar Jaradat, Ph.D., P.E.,M P h P EMarc Percher, P.E.,

Arul Arulmoli, G.E., F.ASCEMarc Percher, P.E.,

Arul Arulmoli, G.E., F.ASCE

QuakeQuakeQuakeQuake

February 27 2010 February 27 2010

San Antonio

February 27, 2010 8.8 Magnitude 120+ seconds shaking

February 27, 2010 8.8 Magnitude 120+ seconds shaking Plate uplift Tsunami

35ft run-up typical in south

Plate uplift Tsunami

35ft run-up typical in south

COPRI 100ft run-up in Tirua Decks overtopped 1ft in north

Aftershocks up to 6.9 M

100ft run-up in Tirua Decks overtopped 1ft in north

Aftershocks up to 6.9 Mpp

Coronel

San Vicente

Isla Santa Maria

Chile Earthquake Fault Rupture

COPRI

Chile Earthquake (February 27, 2010)

More than 500

( y , )

people lost lives Destroyed more

than 500 000 homesthan 500,000 homes Displaced over

1,000,000 people

COPRI

p p Estimated damage is

more than $20-$30 Billion (US) equivalent toBillion (US), equivalent to 10-15% of Chile’s GDP

Earthquake ReconnaissanceEarthquake ReconnaissanceEarthquake ReconnaissanceEarthquake Reconnaissance

Chile Chile Chile April 10 to 17, 2010 Organized by ASCE Coasts Oceans Ports and

Ri I tit t (COPRI)

Chile April 10 to 17, 2010 Organized by ASCE Coasts Oceans Ports and

Ri I tit t (COPRI)Rivers Institute (COPRI) 8 Marine & Coastal Engineering Professionals

Structural (Wharves, MOTs, Bridges)

Rivers Institute (COPRI) 8 Marine & Coastal Engineering Professionals

Structural (Wharves, MOTs, Bridges)

COPRI Coastal (Tsunami, Coasts) Geotechnical (Marine Structures) Coastal (Tsunami, Coasts) Geotechnical (Marine Structures)

ObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectives

Assess and learn from the performance of port Assess and learn from the performance of port Assess and learn from the performance of port infrastructure including: Waterfront structures and Foundation systems

Assess and learn from the performance of port infrastructure including: Waterfront structures and Foundation systems Handling equipments and Utilities

Assess and learn from the effects of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami

Handling equipments and Utilities Assess and learn from the effects of the

earthquake and subsequent tsunamiCOPRI

earthquake and subsequent tsunami Identify infrastructure that performed as intended

and the ones that performed poorly

earthquake and subsequent tsunami Identify infrastructure that performed as intended

and the ones that performed poorlyp p yp p y

Site Site InvestigationsInvestigations

San Antonio

1. Talcahuano2. San Vicente Port3. San Vicente Gas

Terminal

1. Talcahuano2. San Vicente Port3. San Vicente Gas

TerminalTerminal4. Dichato5. Port of Lirquen6 Port of Coronel

Terminal4. Dichato5. Port of Lirquen6 Port of Coronel

COPRI

6. Port of Coronel7. Isla Santa Maria8. Punta Tumbes9. Valparaiso Port

6. Port of Coronel7. Isla Santa Maria8. Punta Tumbes9. Valparaiso Portp10. San Antonio Port

p10. San Antonio Port Isla Santa

Maria

San Vincente

Coronel

ObservationsObservationsObservationsObservations

Damage related to Tsunami Damage related to Tsunami Damage related to Tsunami Damage due to earthquake shaking – Inertia and

kinematic loading

Damage related to Tsunami Damage due to earthquake shaking – Inertia and

kinematic loadingg Damage due to lateral spreading, slope failure,

liquefaction, land vertical movement

g Damage due to lateral spreading, slope failure,

liquefaction, land vertical movement

COPRI Indirect damage due to power failure, vessels,

cranes, etc…. Indirect damage due to power failure, vessels,

cranes, etc….

ObservationsSoil Slope Failures

ObservationsSoil Slope FailuresSoil Slope FailuresSoil Slope Failures

COPRI

Observations: Loss of Dikes/ Sheetpiles/Observations: Loss of Dikes/ Sheetpiles/pRetaining Walls

pRetaining Walls

Coronel

Talcahuano

COPRISan Vicente

Loss of dike/sheetpile/retaining wall results in loss Loss of dike/sheetpile/retaining wall results in loss

Talcahuano

p gof backlands

Tsunami removes evidence (if any) of liquefaction

p gof backlands

Tsunami removes evidence (if any) of liquefaction

ObservationsObservationsSoil Slope FailuresSoil Slope Failures

Dry Season It could have been worse! Dry Season It could have been worse! Dry Season – It could have been worse! Dry Season – It could have been worse!

COPRI

ObservationsConcrete Pier / Wharf

ObservationsConcrete Pier / WharfConcrete Pier / WharfConcrete Pier / Wharf

COPRI

San Vicente San Vicente PortPort

COPRI

COPRI

ObservationsSteel Pier / Wharf

ObservationsSteel Pier / WharfSteel Pier / WharfSteel Pier / Wharf

COPRI

Port of CoronelPort of CoronelPort of CoronelPort of Coronel

COPRI

San Vincente Gas TerminalSan Vincente Gas TerminalSan Vincente Gas TerminalSan Vincente Gas Terminal

COPRI

MUELLE LO ROJAS - CORONELMUELLE LO ROJAS - CORONEL

COPRI

MUELLE LOTA BAJOMUELLE LOTA BAJO

COPRI

ObservationsKinematic Loading

ObservationsKinematic LoadingKinematic LoadingKinematic Loading

COPRI

Port of Port of CoronelCoronel

COPRI

ObservationsCranes and Base Isolated Pier

ObservationsCranes and Base Isolated PierCranes and Base Isolated PierCranes and Base Isolated Pier

COPRI

Port LirquenPort LirquenPort LirquenPort Lirquen

COPRI

Valparaiso PortValparaiso PortValparaiso PortValparaiso Port

COPRI

Based Isolated PierBased Isolated PierBased Isolated PierBased Isolated PierCoronel

COPRI

Designed and constructed (including isolators) in Chile No damage seen or measured (not instrumented) Designed and constructed (including isolators) in Chile No damage seen or measured (not instrumented) Crane at base isolated structure hit by vessel

Possibly due to interaction during earthquake Crane at base isolated structure hit by vessel

Possibly due to interaction during earthquake

ObservationsObservationsPipingPiping

Performed well no ruptured piping found even Performed well no ruptured piping found even Performed well, no ruptured piping found, even where pounding or anchorage loss

Performed well, no ruptured piping found, even where pounding or anchorage loss

COPRI

Coronel Coronel

ObservationsObservations Courtesy of Bill Bruin, Bay of San Vicente

TanksTanks

COPRI

Near Santiago Airport

Outside scope of trip, can’t help but look Outside scope of trip, can’t help but look

ObservationsT i I t DObservationsT i I t DTsunami – Impact DamageTsunami – Impact Damage

Much of the damage is from debris impact Much of the damage is from debris impactTalcahuano Much of the damage is from debris impact Much of the damage is from debris impactTalcahuano

COPRI

Talcahuano

ObservationsObservationsTsunami – Vessel TheftTsunami – Vessel Theft

Breaks lines carries away vessel Breaks lines carries away vessel Breaks lines, carries away vessel Breaks lines, carries away vessel

Road to Dichato

COPRI

ObservationsObservationsTsunami – Vessel EscapeTsunami – Vessel Escape

San Antonio 7 of 9 berths filled at earthquake San Antonio 7 of 9 berths filled at earthquake San Antonio – 7 of 9 berths filled at earthquake 1.5 hours later all vessels had escaped San Antonio – 7 of 9 berths filled at earthquake 1.5 hours later all vessels had escaped

COPRI

ObservationsObservationsCranes – Vessel EscapeCranes – Vessel Escape During earthquake power lost During earthquake power lost During earthquake power lost Cranes left inside vessels or w/ hanging containers Vessel escapes – catches container / crane and damages it

During earthquake power lost Cranes left inside vessels or w/ hanging containers Vessel escapes – catches container / crane and damages it

San Antonio

COPRI

San Antonio

ObservationsObservationsBollards – Vessel EscapeBollards – Vessel Escape Do not use quick release hooks in Chile (costs) Do not use quick release hooks in Chile (costs) Do not use quick release hooks in Chile (costs) Most bollards performed well, but San Antonio lost 3 Do not use quick release hooks in Chile (costs) Most bollards performed well, but San Antonio lost 3

COPRI

San Antonio

Lessons LearnedLessons LearnedLessons LearnedLessons Learned

Port Structures built to current Building code Port Structures built to current Building code Port Structures built to current Building code performed well

Loss Retaining Walls Loss Backlands

Port Structures built to current Building code performed well

Loss Retaining Walls Loss Backlandsg Soil Movement impacts:

Structural PerformanceP t EQ O bilit

g Soil Movement impacts:

Structural PerformanceP t EQ O bilit

COPRI Post-EQ Operability

Cranes lose power damaged by escaping vessel

Post-EQ Operability Cranes lose power damaged by escaping

vesselvessel Operations MUST work around damage Debris impact causes majority of tsunami damage

vessel Operations MUST work around damage Debris impact causes majority of tsunami damage

Rapid evacuation of vessels reduces port damage significantly

Rapid evacuation of vessels reduces port damage significantly

Tsunami RecommendationsTsunami RecommendationsTsunami RecommendationsTsunami Recommendations

Have Have Have EXISTING vessel evacuation plan Risk assessments to determine tsunami zone

Have EXISTING vessel evacuation plan Risk assessments to determine tsunami zone Audible warning systems and signage Plans for VERTICAL evacuation Audible warning systems and signage Plans for VERTICAL evacuation

COPRI Design foundations for scour in tsunami zone Low lying buildings need flowthrough, anchorage,

and low importance

Design foundations for scour in tsunami zone Low lying buildings need flowthrough, anchorage,

and low importanceand low importance Keep critical equipment away from lowlands

and low importance Keep critical equipment away from lowlands

Earthquake RecommendationsEarthquake RecommendationsEarthquake RecommendationsEarthquake Recommendations

Chile NATIONAL instrumentation program Chile NATIONAL instrumentation program Chile NATIONAL instrumentation program Consider soil movement in structural design Use anchored retaining structures consolidated

Chile NATIONAL instrumentation program Consider soil movement in structural design Use anchored retaining structures consolidated Use anchored retaining structures, consolidated

ground, in-depth geotechnical studies Quick release hooks at moorings OR balanced

Use anchored retaining structures, consolidated ground, in-depth geotechnical studies

Quick release hooks at moorings OR balanced

COPRIdesign for bollards

Keep in mind post event resource limitations Need steel plates aggregate fill etc

design for bollards Keep in mind post event resource limitations

Need steel plates aggregate fill etc Need steel plates, aggregate fill, etc. Need engineers, inspectors, and regulators on

board and best prepared

Need steel plates, aggregate fill, etc. Need engineers, inspectors, and regulators on

board and best prepared

Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?

COPRI