Date post: | 12-Apr-2017 |
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WHAT HISTORY TEACHES
• CITIES AND MEGACITIES EXIST BY GEOLOGIC, HYDROLOGIC, AND ATMOSPHERIC CONSENT, WHICH CAN BE WITHDRAWN WITHOUT NOTICE.
CAN MEGACITIES BE DISASTER RESILIENT
ALTHOUGH “BIG” CAN BE VERY VULNERABLE, WHY NOT
QUESTION
• WHAT IS A MEGACITY AND WHAT MEASURES WILL MAKE IT LESS VULNERABLE TO THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS?
MEGACITIES IN 1900WORLD POPULATION:
1.6 BILLION• TOKYO: 21.9 M• NEW YORK: 15.6 M• MEXICO CITY: 13.9
M• SAO PAULO: 12.5 M• SHANGHAI: 11.7
• OSAKA: 10.0 M• BUENOS AIRES: 9.9
M• LOS ANGELES: 9.5
M• CALCUTA 9.0 M• BEIJING 9.0 M• SOURCE: THE
POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01
MEGACITIES IN 2000WORLD POPULATION:
6 BILLION• TOKYO: 25.4 M• BOMBAY: 18.6 M• MEXICO CITY: 18.3
M• SAO PAULO: 18.0 M• NEW YORK: 16.7 M
• LAGOS: 14.1 M• CALCUTA 13.2 M• LOS ANGELES: 13.2
M• SHANGHAI: 13.0 M• BUENOS AIRES: 12.7
M• SOURCE: THE
POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01
MEGACITIES IN 2020WORLD POPULATION:
10 BILLION• BOMBAY: 28.5 M• TOKYO: 27.3 M• LAGOS: 26.5 M• DHAKA: 24.0 M• KARACHI: 21.7 M
• SAO PAULO: 21.3 M • MEXICO CITY: 19.6
M• JAKARTA: 19.4• CALCUTA 18.8 M• NEW DEHLI: 18:R M• SOURCE: THE
POPULATION INSTITUTE 2/3/01
WHAT HISTORY TEACHES
• CITIES AND MEGACITIES EXIST BY GEOLOGIC, HYDROLOGIC, AND ATMOSPHERIC CONSENT, WHICH CAN BE WITHDRAWN WITHOUT NOTICE.
MEGACITIES FACE DISASTERS FROM …
• EARTHQUAKES• FLOODS• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS• LANDSLIDES• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS• WILDFIRES• TSUNAMIS• DROUGHTS
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
• NATURAL HAZARDS, GENERATE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS WHICH CREATE RISK TO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT.
• THE CHOICE: LIVE WITH UNACCEPTABLE RISK OR ACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF RISK.
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
• UNACCEPTABLE RISK CALLS FOR PUBLIC POLICIES TO REDUCE VULNER-ABILITIES.
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
• VULNERABILITIES REFLECT POLICY FLAWS WITH RESPECT TO PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY
INTERLOCKING CONCEPTS ON MEGACITIES AND NATURAL HAZARDS
• PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY ARE THE MOST EFFECTIVE MEASURES.
• BUT, THEY ARE HARD TO SELL TO THE PUBLIC AND TAKE TIME TO IMPLEMENT.
TOKYO: A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS
CAIRO: A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS
ISTHANBUL: A MEGACITY AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS
ISTHANBUL: CAUSES OF VULNERABILITIES
• SIZE• FRAGILITY OF
EXISTING BUIDINGS/ INFRASTRUCTURE
• INADEQUATE PROTECTION MEASURES
• CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND PRACTICES
SAN FRANCISCO: DEPENDENT ON TRANSPORTATION
• DAMAGE TO ONE SPAN OF THE BAY BRIDGE CHANGED THE LIVES OF MILLIONS AND DISRUPTED MANY BUSINESSES.
• NOONE KNOWS THE TRUE COST.
LOS ANGELES: DEPENDENT ON UTILITY SYSTEMS
• DAMAGE TO A UTILIYY CORRIDOR CAUSEED WIDESPREAD OUTAGES OF POWER, GAS, WATER, AND WASTE CENTERS.
• OUTAGES LED TO LOSSES IN THE MILLIONS.
SAN FRANCISCO: SUSCEPTIBLE TO FIRE
QUESTION
•CAN WE MAKE MEGACITIES RESILIENT TO NATURAL HAZARDS?
MEGACITYDATA BASES AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
• NAT. HAZARDS• INVENTORY• VULNERABILITY• LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISKACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
VULNERABILITY REDUCTON
• PREPAREDNESS• PRPTECTION• EMERGENCY RESPONSE• RECOVERY • EDUCATIONAL SURGES
DISASTER RESILIENCE