Carbon Capture with Direct FuelCell Carbonate Powerplants

DFC Carbon Capture Overview

2

Economical •  Power revenue enhances CO2 capture economics

Additional Benefits •  70% reduction in NOx •  Clean water production

Captures and Concentrates exhaust from •  Coal or Natural Gas power generation •  Industrial thermal process

Proven Technology •  Modification of commercial fuel cell equipment

Direct Fuel Cell Powerplants

3

Individual fuel cell &

350 kW fuel cell stack

Four-Stack Module 1.4 megawatts

Completed module 1.4 megawatts

2.8 MW DFC3000®

•  Utilizes two modules

•  47% Electrical Eff, up to 90% Total Eff.

1.4 MW DFC1500®

•  Utilizes one module •  47% Electrical Eff,

up to 90% Total Eff.

59MW fuel cell park

3.7 MW DFC4000®

•  Utilizes three modules

•  60% Electrical Eff. Up to 80% total Eff

DFC-CO2 Capture Concept

4

•  DFC Chemistry involves transfer of CO2 from cathode to anode

•  This aspect can be exploited to use DFC stack for CO2 separation, with concentration in anode gas allowing for easy capture and use or sequestration

Direct FuelCell (DFC) Carbon capture uses the same electrochemical process at work in more than 100 powerplants

operating around the world

CO2 Capture with DFC Powerplants

5

Conventional Natural Gas or Coal Plant

CATHODE

ANODE Fuel

Fossil Plant Exhaust with 5% to 15% CO2

CO2 Depleted Flue Gas

CO2 Separation

Depleted Fuel with ~70% CO2

CO2

CO2 to sequestration or industrial use

DFC Powerplant 30 to 75% of Conventional

Plant Rating

•  Carbonate electrochemical process transfers CO2 from Air Electrode (Cathode) to Fuel Electrode (Anode)

•  CO2 is easily separated from anode exhaust gas since it is no longer diluted with air •  US DOE program focused on capture from coal sources •  ExxonMobil program focused on capture from natural gas sources

Extension of DFC Technology

6

Fuel & Water

Preheat

Fuel Recovered Water

Fuel Cell Anodes

Fuel Cell Cathodes

Air Pre-Heat

Fossil Plant Flue Gas with CO2

Power CO2

Separa-tion

CO2

Anode Exhaust Cooling

Water Recovery

CO2 Comp-ression

Standard System

Fuel & Water

Preheat

Fuel Water

Fuel Cell Anodes

Fuel Cell Cathodes

Air Pre-Heat

Air

Power Anode exhaust contains residual H2 left from power generation. Reacted catalytically in air pre-heater

DFC-Carbon Capture

2.8MW DFC3000 Carbonate Fuel Cell

Powerplant

First MW-Scale System

7

James M. Barry Electric Generating Station Alabama Power/Southern Co. Location: Bucks, Al Nameplate Capacity: >2 GW Mix of Coal and Natural gas power generation

•  US Department of Energy funded project to demonstrate capture from coal power generation

•  Project expanded to include natural gas capture under ExxonMobil Joint Development program

•  Southern selected Plant Barry as best choice for project

•  Coal and natural gas power generation •  Plot space availability •  Existing flue connection supporting

past carbon capture projects •  Supportive management and staff

•  Project on line in late 2018

Project will be single DFC3000-based capture system, capturing 60 tons/day CO2

CCS

8

•  CO2 capture from natural gas sources o Optimizing system and operating points for

natural gas o Will use same MW-scale pilot system as DOE-

supported coal project

•  Collaboration partner with extensive resources o World’s largest energy company & public gas

producer o Leading expert & experience with sequestration o World-leading research capabilities

•  Opportunity o Integration with combined cycle gas plants o Global market opportunity measured in

Gigawatts

Large Scale Capture System

9

•  4.9 Million tons of CO2 capture per year

•  Future system specifically designed for 90% CO2 capture from large scale coal plants

•  420MW DFC-based system would capture 90% of CO2 from 550MW plant

•  3.2GWh ultra-clean power generated per year

•  Cost of CO2 capture in low power value coal regions meets DOE target of less than $40/ton, or less than $0.02/kWh. Cost of capture is significantly less in high power cost areas, where higher power value drives additional revenue to project

Future long term development for 90% capture of CO2 from large coal power plants

Near Term System

10

•  Carbon Capture Fuel Cell Farm with 12 DFC3000-based capture systems •  18 MW at 90% capture (captures 500 tons/day from coal flue plus 200 tons/day from fuel cell ng) •  27 MW at 70% capture (captures 700 tons/day from coal flue plus 300 tons/day from fuel cell ng)

•  3 acres total site