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Careers in Biomedical Technology
WHY IS SCIENCE SO IMPORTANT TO US?
•Science is always evolving1. Edward Jenner discovered smallpox vaccine2. Joseph Lister convinced
surgeons to wash hands and use clean bedding
Helps us understand our world
“Great truths” dispelled (i.e. the world is flat)
Knowing how the world works helps you make decisions about issues that affect your future.
Scientists help discover how the world works!
FACTS ABOUT SCIENTISTS
• Don’t always work in universities or hospitals…pharmaceutical companies, public health laboratories, government agencies, chemical companies• PhD or MD• Curiosity• Observant• Enjoys finding out about things unknown
Emerging Field of Biotechnology
Began in the early 1980’s with the development of Cloning & recombinant DNA techniques.
National Institutes of HealthNIH
The federal agency that has established safety guidelines for the transfer & manipulation of DNA.
Careers
-ist at the end of a profession means what?
i.e. A Radiologist reads & interpreted x-rays. He is a physician who specializes in radiographic images. (a person who does)
-ian at the end of a profession means what?
i.e. Electrocardiograph technician applies electrodes pads to the patient to test heart. (relating to)
Associate’s Degree
– Undergraduate degree– Awarded at community colleges,
junior colleges and some four-year colleges
– Course of study usually lasts two years
Bachelor’s Degree
Undergraduate degree Course of study usually lasts
four - five years
Master’s Degree
One- or two-year post graduate degree
Structure differs with the university
Specialized study
Doctorate Degree
Highest level of study or research Usually takes one to two years to
complete after Master’s degree Some require an additional four to
six years. Qualifies the holder to practice a
specific profession
Certification
Meeting the requirements of education and/or performance of standards set by an organization
The person holding a certification is certified.
Licensure
Government agency authorizes individuals to work in a given occupation. Person must pass a state mandated Board Exam and maintain certain standards.
The person holds a license.
Registration
A regulatory body in a given health care area administers examinations and/or maintains a list of qualified personnel.
The person is registered.
Pathologists
Physician specializing in diagnosing diseases by examining blood, secretions, body tissue & fluids.
Must complete medical school & specialized training.
Work in hospital laboratories or in outpatient reference laboratories or private practice pathology.
Frequently determines cause of death.
Medical Laboratory Technician
Prepares tissue slides & performs simple blood tests, cell counts, & urinalysis.
Clinical Laboratory Scientist (Medical technologist)Bachelor’s Degree/4 year program
Responsible for performing clinical laboratory tests & analyzing the results using independent judgment.
Phlebotomist
A phlebotomist primarly draws blood, either for laboratory tests or for blood donations.
Associated Terminology
Hematology - study of the formed elements of blood & blood forming tissues.
Pathogens - microorganisms that produces a disease. Histology - Microscopic study of animal and plant
tissues, which are groups of similar cells interrelated for cooperative performance of a particular biological function.
Immunology - study of how blood cells prevent disease caused by microorganisms.
Life Science
Life scientists or researchers study living organisms and life processes.
Many opportunities in research & development in health care.
Masters or doctoral level Specific careersa. Microbiologistb. Virologistc. Biochemist
Life scientists
Responsible for: 1 - developing new
drugs.2- methods of treatments3 - new methods of protecting the environment
MicrobiologistBachelor’s Degree
A scientist that can work as a bacteriologist, who work in the field of bacteriology and study bacteria.
1. Environmental microbiologists - work in the field of environmental microbiology and study microbial processes in the environment.
2. Food microbiologists - work in the food industry and study pathogenic microorganisms that cause foodborne illness and spoilage.
VirologistBachelor’s Degree
A scientist who studies viruses and virus-like agents: their structure, classification and evolution, their ways to infect and exploit cells for virus reproduction, the diseases they cause, the techniques to isolate and culture them, and their potential uses in research and therapy.
Biochemist
Typical biochemists study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. Analyzes the effects of hormones, enzymes, serums, & foods on tissues & organs.
BiochemistBachelor’s Degree
Radiologist (medical doctor) (imaging professional)
A physician trained to diagnose patients by reading x-rays i.e. mammograms
Radiography (Radiographer)
Education is 2 year program
Responsibilities: takes the x-rays Radiation exposure a constant concern (1) Film badge (2) Federal Government regulates exposure. The level of exposure to radiological materials is
measured on a badge worn by each radiographer.
Radiologic Technologist
Administers radio opaque media (dye) to complete x-rays.
Nuclear Medicine TechnologistBachelor’s Degree
Performs bone scans, brain, thyroid & lung scans.
Ultrasound Technologist(Medical sonographer)
Associate’s or Bachelor’sDegree
Utilizes sound waves to produce two-dimensional images of internal organs.
Physicist PhD - Doctorate
A scientist who specializes in physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made (particle physics) to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole . ...
Medical Dosimetrist
A member of a radiation oncology team who specializes in the operation of radiation equipment and calculations of dosages in cooperation with oncologists.
Electrocardiograph TechnicianAssociate’s – On the job training
Minimal training compared to other professions. Attaches electrode pads to the patient to test the action of the heart.
They operate electrocardiogram equipment to monitor patients' heart problems.
Job duties include: Connect electrodes to patients. Insert and remove catheters. Record test results. Identify emergencies or abnormalities. Average Salary: $15,000 - $32,000
EchocardiographyAssociate’s Degree (Radiography)
An echocardiogram is a sonography of the heart.
Uses standard ultrasound techniques to image two-dimensional slices of the heart.
An echocardiogram can also produce accurate assessment of the velocity of blood and cardiac tissue at any arbitrary point using pulsed or continuous wave doppler ultrasound.
ElectroencephalographAssociate’s Degree (Radiography)
Frequent headaches & seizures would be a reason for an EEG.
EEG measures electrical activity of the brain.
Nutritionist / DieticianBachelor’s Degree
An expert in food and nutrition. They provide nutrition counseling for patients (i.e. concern over weight gain).
Dietitians help promote good health through proper eating.
They have to have a bachelor’s degree to practice.
Dietary Technician
Completes a two year associate degree program & whose duties includes planning menus & supervising the production of food.
Weight Reduction Specialist
Counsels obese patients using dietary & activity guidelines.
Environmental EngineerBachelor’s Degree
Improve the environment (air, water, and/or land resources), to provide healthy water, air, and land
1. Environmental engineering involves water and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, and public health issues
Health & Regulatory InspectorsBachelor’s Degree
A public employee who investigates health hazards then takes action to eliminate the hazards.
Usually the public perception of a health inspector.
SanitarianBachelor’s Degree
Set & enforce standards concerning food, sewage & waste disposal.
Enforces laws, rules and regulations for maintaining and promoting community hygiene.
Biomedical Equipment TechnicianAssociate’s Degree
Highly skilled technicians responsible for ensuring medical equipment is deemed serviceable, safe, and properly repaired & inspected.
Biomedical Equipment TechnicianAssociate’s Degree
Fixes / repairs medical equipment
i.e. Monitor in ICU is not working properly..who would you call to fix it?
Biomedical Equipment Technician
Central Service TechnicianOn the Job training
Cleans, sorts, assembles, prepares, packages and sterilizes supplies and equipment used in diagnostics & the operating room.
Environmental Control
Biosphere-atmosphere that supports life.
Ecosystems ~ Ecology
Is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life and the interactions between organisms and their natural environment.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Federal agency responsible for setting & regulating the standards for the environment. It was established in 1970.
Lead Poisoning
Increased levels of the metal lead in the blood.
Lead may cause irreversible neurological damage as well as renal disease, cardiovascular effects, and reproductive toxicity.
Government programs have reduced lead in gas additives & paints.
Diseases & health conditions linked to environment.
The thinning of the ozone layer is due to exhaust, aerosol sprays & painting materials.
Lung related diseases Skin cancer
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and the second most common in women…is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually.
Emphysema
Emphysema is characterized by loss of elasticity (increased compliance) of the lung tissue
Worsened by air pollution, including long-term exposure to tobacco smoke.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and non-irritating, making it difficult for people to detect.
Replaces oxygen in the blood stream
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and the second most common in women…is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually.
Biotechnology careers & genetics
BiotechnologistBachelor’s Degree
1. Development of cloning & recombinant DNA techniques of gene manipulation.
2. A scientist that alters the cells of living things to discover & improve genetic traits.
3. Most work in private biotechnology companies.
Laminar flow hoods are used to vent & filter air.
Working
environment
Strict Sterilization
In biotechnology laboratories the use of microorganisms requires strict sterilization.
Different Fields of Study
A. Medical biotechnologist B. Research biotechnologist C. Forensics D. Geneticist
Medical BiotechnologistBachelor’s Degree
Works with production of antibodies for diagnosis or treatment of disease.
Biotechnology rapidly making complex advances
Over 200 medicines and related products created from biotech techniques currently available.
Horizontal gene transfer in living plants. Manipulate organic materials to reach the
demands of food production. New drug creation
Over 1000 biotech companies in U.S., most working in diagnostics &
therapeutics
A few of the more prominent biotech companies are Alteon, Inc., AmpliMed, Inc., Callisto Pharmaceuticals Inc., Kinexis, Inc., Trellis Bioscience, Inc., and The Vaccine Company.
Ethical concerns related to eugenics.
Eugenics is "the study of, or belief in, the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population by such means as discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirable traits (negative eugenics) or encouraging reproduction by persons presumed to have inheritable desirable traits (positive eugenics)."
Counseling of couples not to have a child if a faulty gene is present.
Selecting favorable traits such as gender before implantation.
Research Biotechnologist
A scientist that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes.
Applications include the production of certain drugs, synthetic hormones, and bulk foodstuffs as well as the bioconversion of organic waste and the use of genetically altered bacteria in the cleanup of oil spills.
ForensicsBachelor’s Degree
Biotechnology professional who works to aid in solving crimes is a forensics specialist.
Geneticist - Bachelor’s Degree
A geneticist is a scientist who studies genetics, the science of heredity and variation of organisms.
Counsel families with history of health problems I.e. Sickle cell traits Down Syndrome.
Biomedical EngineerBachelor’s Degree
Designs instruments & machines that are used to monitor & treat disease.