Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024

7/24/2019 Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024

1/110


2/110

1

Municipality of Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024

T

ABLE OF

C

ONTENTS

List of Figures .............................................................................................................................................. 3

List of Tables................................................................................................................................................ 4

1 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Rationale ........................................................................................................................................ 5

1.2 Local Government Unit of Carmona, Cavite Profile ....................................................................... 6

1.2.1 Geographical Location ........................................................................................................... 6

1.2.2 Barangay Subdivision ............................................................................................................ 7

1.2.3 Topography and Slope ........................................................................................................... 7

1.2.4 Climate ................................................................................................................................. 10

1.2.5 Land Area ............................................................................................................................ 10

1.2.6 Population ............................................................................................................................ 10

1.2.7 Land Use .............................................................................................................................. 12

1.2.8 Water Resources ................................................................................................................. 15

1.2.9 Major Transportation Routes and Traffic Conditions ............................................................ 15

1.2.10 Economy .............................................................................................................................. 15

1.3 Planning Context .......................................................................................................................... 16

1.3.1 LGU development priorities .................................................................................................. 16

1.3.2 Current climate change plans and programs ....................................................................... 17

1.4 Planning Approach ....................................................................................................................... 20

1.4.1 The Planning Framework ..................................................................................................... 20

1.4.2 Guiding Principles ................................................................................................................ 20

1.5 Institutional Arrangements ........................................................................................................... 22

1.5.1 Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) Planning Team .............................................. 22

1.5.2 Climate Change Core Working Committee .......................................................................... 25

2 Vulnerability assessment .................................................................................................................. 30

2.1 Historical Occurrences ................................................................................................................. 30

2.2 Climate-Related Hazards and their Impacts................................................................................. 32

2.2.1 Low Productivity in Agriculture ............................................................................................. 32

2.2.2 Increase in Temperature ...................................................................................................... 34

2.2.3 Insufficiency in Basic Utilities ............................................................................................... 36

2.2.4 Flooding ............................................................................................................................... 40

2.2.5 Droughts .............................................................................................................................. 42


3/110

2


2.2.6 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 42

2.3 Identifying climate change vulnerability through the CCVI ........................................................... 45

2.3.1 Exposure .............................................................................................................................. 47

2.3.2 Floods .................................................................................................................................. 51

2.3.3 Sensitivity ............................................................................................................................. 57

2.3.4 Adaptive Capacity ................................................................................................................ 60

2.4 Key Development Issues ............................................................................................................. 67

2.4.1 Implications of greenhouse gas inventory ............................................................................ 67

2.4.2 Climate change adaptation mainstreaming to development plans ....................................... 67

2.4.3 Identifying Institutional linkages and empowerment ............................................................. 68

2.4.4 Costs and Financing ............................................................................................................ 69

3 LCCAP Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 70

4 Adaptation .......................................................................................................................................... 72

5 Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................................................................ 91

APPROVAL ............................................................................................................................................... 105


4/110

3


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Barangay boundaries of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 7

Figure 2. Slope map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 9

Figure 3. Land use map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 14

Figure 4. Comparison of affected households per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 31

Figure 5. Households with decrease crop harvest in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 33

Figure 6. Households who experienced increase in temperature in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 35

Figure 7. Households who experienced more frequent brownouts in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 37

Figure 8. Households who experienced decrease in water supply in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 39

Figure 9. Households who experienced more frequent flooding in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 41

Figure 10. Households who experienced more frequents droughts in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite43

Figure 11. Summary of households affected by various climate-related hazards in the Municipality of

Carmona, Cavite 44

Figure 12. CCVI map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 46

Figure 13. Landslide intensity map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite. 47

Figure 14. Exposure index map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 48

Figure 15. Rain-induced landslide hazard map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 49

Figure 16. Flood susceptibility map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 51

Figure 17. Flood hazard map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 52

Figure 18. Barangay 1 flood susceptibility map 53

Figure 19. Barangay Maduya susceptibility map 54

Figure 20. Barangay Cabilang Baybay susceptibility map 55

Figure 21. Barangay Milagrosa flood susceptibility map 56

Figure 22. Adaptive capacity map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 61


5/110

4


LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Slope characteristics per category in the Province of Cavite 8

Table 2. Distribution of slope classification per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 8

Table 3. Area and percent distribution of slope per classification in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 8

Table 4. Land area by Barangay and Municipal level of Carmona, Cavite 10

Table 5. Population and average growth rate of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 11

Table 6. Population by gender of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite, 2012 11

Table 7. Population by age group of Municipality of Carmona, Cavite, 2012 12

Table 8. Projected population of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite, 2012-2022 13

Table 9. Matrix of Disasters/Calamities in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 30Table 10. Households per Barangay engaged in agriculture in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 32

Table 11. Reasons for low harvest in the agriculture sector in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 32

Table 12. Households who experienced increase in temperature by Barangay in the Municipality of

Carmona, Cavite 34

Table 13. Households who experienced more frequent brownouts by Barangay in the Municipality of

Carmona, Cavite 36

Table 14. Households who experienced decrease in water supply by Barangay in the Municipality of

Carmona, Cavite 38

Table 15. Households who experienced more frequent flooding by Barangay in the Municipality ofCarmona, Cavite 40

Table 16. Households who experienced more frequent droughts by Barangay in the Municipality of

Carmona, Cavite 42

Table 17. Climate change vulnerability index per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 45

Table 18. Characterization of rain-indunced landslide in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 50

Table 19. Ecological sensitivity per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 58

Table 20. Livelihood at Risk by Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 58

Table 21. Population at risk per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite 59

Table 22. Characterization of adaptive capacity for CCVI 60

Table 23.Economic resources and distribution category for adaptive capacity 62

Table 24. Skills category data for adaptive capacity 63

Table 25. Information and technology category data for adaptive capacity 64

Table 26. Infrastructure and service facilities category data for adaptive capacity 65

Table 27. Institutions category data for adaptive capacity 66

Table 28. Specific objectives for the Local Climate Change Action Plan 70

Table 29. Local Climate Change Adaptation Measures 72

Table 30. Indicative budget and implementation schedule 82

Table 31. Monitoring and evaluation matrix for the LCCAP 2015-2024. 91


6/110

5


1 BACKGROUND

1.1

R

ATIONALE

Climate change without a doubt is the most serious global environmental challenge we are facing. It isestimated that the worldwide average temperatures rose by 0.7C in the last century. Further, the period of2001-2011 was recorded as the hottest by various meteorological services around the world. Climate modelsshows that global warming is more likely to increase and exceed the projected 2C, with a possible 4Cincrease as early as 2060 causing severe impacts to global, regional, and national conditions (The WorldBank, 2012).

As the third most vulnerable country in the world to weather-related extreme events, earth quakes, and sealevel rise, we are already experiencing the consequences brought about by climate change. We are very

much directly exposed to multiple climate-related hazards such as typhoons (i.e. Pepeng, Ondoy, Yolanda),floods (i.e. Rizal, Metro Manila), landslides (i.e. Quezon, Leyte), and droughts (i.e. 1997-1998, 2010). Amongthe most affected are those living in coastal communities and the lower rung urban communities that lackawareness on proper disaster preparedness measure to take. The urban poor in informal settlements arealso considered the most vulnerable group due in part to additional pressure on urban systems created byrapidly increasing population growth.

The increasing levels of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that form in our atmosphere is said to be themajor contributor to global warming. While we in the Philippines are minor producers of such relative to othercountries, our GHG emissions are projected to quadruple in the energy sector and double in the transportsector by 2030 due to growing economy, urbanization and motorization. Human-induced environmentaldeterioration and unsustainable development practices that aggravate the countrys climate vulnerability hasbeen more rampant and also extensive, adding more to our dilemma.

In response to the urgency to act on climate change, the Republic Act 9729, otherwise known as the ClimateChange Act of 2009 paved the way for the establishment of the Climate Change Commission (CCC), a policy-making body that will coordinate, monitor and evaluate climate change programs and action plans in thecountry. The National Framework Strategy on Climate Change (NFSCC) 2010-2022 was then created todenote the guiding principles that envision a climate risk-resilient Philippines with healthy, safe,prosperous and self-reliant communities with thriving and productive ecosystemscarried out through thedevelopment of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2011-2028.

However, although the Climate Change Act and the NCCAP represent a clear evolution of priorities for ourcountry, climate policy reform efforts are only partially aligned with development plan outcomes, thus limitingtheir effectiveness. National, sectoral, and local plans and policies are not fully aligned with the NCCAP,creating difficulties in monitoring climate activities and hampering coordination and convergence across alllevels of government. More importantly, there were insufficient provisions of technical and financialassistance to Local Government Units (LGUs) to formulate their own Local Climate Change Actions Plans(LCCAP).

As abatement, the Peoples Survival Fund (PSF) was created to finance adaptation programs and projectsthat are directly supportive of the objectives enumerated in the NCCAP and LCCAP of LGUs andcommunities.

Through the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), a memorandum circular no. 2014-135dated October 21, 2014 provided the LGUs with the guidelines on formulating their own LCCAP and anotherunnumbered memorandum dated October 3, 2014 provides the framework for mainstreaming Disaster RiskReduction (DRR) and climate change in Local Development Plans (LDP).


7/110

6


1.2

L

OCAL

G

OVERNMENT

U

NIT OF

C

ARMONA

,

C

AVITE

P

ROFILE

Carmona, in the olden times was a barrio of Silang. Because of its vast plains, it was called Latag,a tagalog word referring to the geographic characteristics of the place. Early settlers found the areasuitable to till the lands and build a community.

In 1823, a movement from Silang started (from the Spanish text from the Arzobispado de Manila believed tobe brought about by the settlers desire to have their own access to religious services). On February 20, 1857by virtue of a decree issued by then Gov. Gen. Ramon Montero of the Superior Gobierno delas Islas Filipinas,Latag became a town and named Carmona.

With this recognition came the desire of the people to prove their worth. As they made the soil productive,questions on land ownership became an issue thus, the agricultural land was declared communal and dividedinto parcels. These parcels of land were then raffled among the family heads. Having found the arrangementsatisfactory and equitable both to the townspeople and officials, lottery of the lots previously known asSubasta delas Tierras Communales del Pueblo de Carmona or Subasta ng Bukid became the tradition.Later, the term SORTEO was used to denote the unique practice and tradition in Carmona held every threeyears where communal ricelands are raffled among the native citizens of the town and for a period of 3 yearsthe lucky winner of a parcel is recognized as its owner.

1.2.1

Geographical Location

Carmona, a first class municipality, in the Province of Cavite, Region IV-A (CALABARZON), is in the LuzonIsland. Approximately 36 kilometers south of Manila and 38 kilometers from the Provincial Capitol of TreceMartires City. It is located within the geographical coordinates of 12003 latitude and 14109 longitude.


8/110

7


1.2.2 Barangay Subdivision

Carmona is considered urban in its entirety, composed of fourteen (14) barangays with eight (8)barangays situated in the Poblacion area. In terms of land area, Barangay 13- Lantic is the biggestwith 1698 hectares while the smallest is the whole Poblacion at 62 hectares.

Figure 1. Barangay boundaries of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite

1.2.3 Topography and Slope

The topography of Carmona is generally flat to strongly sloping. There are six (6) categories of slopes foundin the whole municipality (Table 1). These slopes are classified to indicate the probable limits of various typesof land uses. As to slope classification, Carmona has slopes ranging from 0 to 25% of the total land area.Slope A (0-2.5%) can be found in portions of Barangay Cabilang Baybay, Lantic, Mabuhay, Maduya,Milagrosa and the whole Poblacion (Table 2). This represents 32% of the total land area.


9/110

8


Table 1. Slope characteristics per category in the Province of Cavite

Table 2. Distribution of slope classification per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite

BARANGAY TOTALLAND

AREA

SLOPE A02.5

SLOPE B2.65

SLOPE C5.110

SLOPE D10.118

SLOPE E18.125

Bancal 520 - 160 240 240 -

CabilangBaybay

315 228 54 3 30 -

Lantic 1698 395 157 466 322 358

Mabuhay 245 83 23 101 38 -

Maduya 182 182 - - - -

Milagrosa 70 70 - - - -

Barangay 1- 8 62 62 - - - -

TOTAL 3092 1020 394 810 510 358

Table 3. Area and percent distribution of slope per classification in the Municipality of Carmona,Cavite

SLOPE AREA % SLOPE

A 1020 32

B 394 13

C 810 26

D 510 17

E 358 12TOTAL 3092 100

CATEGORY SLOPE CLASSIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS

A 02.5% Level to nearly level

B 2.65% Very gently sloping or undulating

C 5.110% Gently sloping or undulating

D 10.118% Moderately sloping or rolling

E 18.125% Strongly sloping or strongly rolling

F 25.1 & above Highly to mountainous


10/110

9


Figure2.SlopemapoftheM

unicipalityofCarmona,Cavite


11/110

10


1.2.4 Climate

Carmona is under Type I climate characterized by two (2) pronounced seasons: dry from November to Apriland wet during the rest of the year. Maximum rainfall usually occurs from June to September. The averageannual rainfall is 200 millimeters with a peak of 400 millimeters in the month of August.

The annual temperature is 27.2oC. The highest temperature occurs during the month of May while the lowestoccurs during the month of January.

The predominant wind direction comes from the Southwest during the months of June to September andfrom the Northwest during the month of October to January, while from February to April, the wind directionis from the Southeast which predominantly comes in the month of May.

The average humidity of Carmona is 81%. This makes the municipalitys climate cooler than MetropolitanManila where the average humidity is higher.

1.2.5 Land Area

The Municipality has a total land area of 3,092 hectares representing 2.18% of the total land area of Cavite.It is divided into two categories, the upland and the lowland. The lowland areas are devoted to rice andvegetables. These areas are utilized for two cropping period. Third cropping area is possible in some areaswhere rice, green corn, root crops are planted. Other upland crops are grown in Barangay Bancal and uplandarea of Barangay Lantic (Table 4).

Table 4. Land area by Barangay and Municipal level of Carmona, Cavite

BARANGAY LAND AREA (Ha) PRECENTAGE

Barangay 1 8 (Poblacion) 62 2.0

Barangay 9 Maduya 182 6.0

Barangay 10 Cabilang Baybay 315 10.0

Barangay 11 Mabuhay 245 8.0

Barangay 12 Milagrosa 70 2.0

Barangay 13 Lantic 1698 55.0

Barangay 14 - Bancal 520 17.0

TOTAL 3,092 100%

1.2.6 Population

Carmonas population exponentially increases through time with a growth rate pattern not higher than 8%every year. The total population of Carmona as of 2012 is 75,020 with an average growth rate of 7% (Table5). Its household population is 19,589 with an average size of 4 people per residence. Brgy 12 or Milagrosahas the highest number of population and Brgy 2 has the least among others. The female population isgreater than males (Table 6). Of the total population, about 24,520 or 32.69% comprises the child & youthgroup (0-14 y/o), the productive or working age group is about (15-64 y/o) 48,514 or 64.67% (Table 7).


12/110

11


Table 5. Population and average growth rate of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite

Table 6. Population by gender of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite, 2012

BARANGAY GENDER TOTALPOPULATION

HOUSEHOLDPOPULATION

HOUSEHOLDSIZEMALE FEMALE

1 1430 1443 2873 735 4

2 187 222 409 115 4

3 235 287 522 133 4

4 261 297 558 167 3

5 273 315 588 172 3

6 326 346 672 186 4

7 288 352 640 150 4

8 1310 1374 1310 734 4

Maduya 4453 4520 8973 2516 4

Cabilang Baybay 3260 3428 6688 1624 4

Mabuhay 4563 4757 9320 2228 4

Milagrosa 10781 20988 21769 5018 4

Lantic 4270 4537 8807 2283 4

Bancal 5880 6011 11891 3528 3

TOTAL 37517 48877 75020 19589 4

YEAR POPULATION INCREASE OR DECREASE AVERAGE GROWTH RATE

1903 2606 - -

1918 2818 212 0.52

1939 5394 2576 3.14

1948 5597 203 0.41

1960 8212 2615 3.25

1970 16123 7911 6.98

1980 21014 4891 2.68

1990 28247 7233 31995 35686 7439 4.79

1998 42212 6526 5.76

2000 47706 5494 6.31

2002 53650 5944 6.05

2004 56307 2657 2.45

2006 57652 1345 1.19

2008 64372 6720 5.67

2010 69430 5058 7.85

2012 75020 5590 8.05


13/110

12


Table 7. Population by age group of Municipality of Carmona, Cavite, 2012

By the year 2020, the total population of Carmona is expected to be 147,576. The projection is attributed withfactors such as natural increase of population attributed by natality and emigration, and urbanization. Withthis expected growth of population there is a need to improve and increase the educational, social, andeconomic services of the municipality (Table 8).

1.2.7 Land Use

The Municipality of Carmona with an over-all land area of 3,092 hectares is intended for numerous forms ofland uses. Large portion of its land is intended for further development, next to it is agricultural and the restare open spaces, residential and commercial lots correspondingly (Figure 3).

AGE GROUP MALE FEMALE TOTAL

0-4 years old 4655 4188 8843

5-9 years old 4281 3968 8249

10-14 years old 3820 3608 7428

15-19 eyars old 3416 3509 6925

20-24 years old 3677 4059 7736

25-29 years old 3842 4286 8129

30-39 years old 6167 6353 12520

40-49 eyars old 3885 3959 7844

50-59 years old 2060 2173 4234

60-64 years old 520 606 1126

65 years old & above 753 1233 1986

TOTAL 37076 37944 75020


14/110

13


T

able8.Projectedpopulationoft

heMunicipalityofCarmona,Cav

ite,2012-2022

BARANGAY

POPULATIO

NPROJECTION

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

1

2873

3074

3289

3520

3766

4030

4312

4613

4936

5282

5652

2

409

438

468

501

536

574

614

657

703

752

805

3

522

559

598

639

684

732

783

838

897

960

1027

4

558

597

639

684

731

783

837

896

959

1026

1098

5

588

629

673

720

771

825

882

944

1010

1081

1157

6

672

719

769

823

881

943

1008

1079

1155

1235

1322

7

640

685

733

784

839

898

960

1028

1100

1177

1259

8

1310

1402

1500

1605

1717

1837

1966

2104

2251

2408

2577

Maduya

8973

9601

10273

10992

1176

2

12585

13466

14409

15417

16496

17651

CabilangBaybay

6688

7156

7657

8193

8767

9380

10037

10739

11491

12296

13156

Mabuhay

9320

9972

10670

11417

1221

7

13072

13987

14966

16013

17134

18334

Milagrosa

21769

23293

24923

26668

2853

5

30532

32669

34956

37403

40021

42823

Lantic

8807

9423

10083

10789

1154

4

12352

13217

14142

15132

16191

17325

Bancal

11891

12723

13614

14567

1558

7

16678

17845

19094

20431

21861

23391

TOTAL

75,020

8

0,271

85,890

91,903

98,3

36

105,219

112,585

120,466

128,898

137,921

147,576


15/110

14


Figure3.LandusemapoftheMunicipalityofCarmona,Cavite


16/110

15


1.2.8 Water Resources

The hydrological system of the Municipality is composed of 3 tributaries namely: Soro-soro, Carmona andBian-Calabuso Rivers that generally directed from Silang watershed going to tributaries in Bian andeventually to Laguna bay. Carmona Rivers are generally utilized to irrigate farmlands. Groundwater is themain source of potable water of the municipality, which is systematically extracted and delivered to someconstituents by the Carmona Water District (CWD); private wells for some residences and commercialestablishments.

1.2.9

Major Transportation Routes and Traffic Conditions

The major transportation routes of the Municipality include: JM Loyola St covering Barangay Maduya, 4, 5,and Mabuhay converging with Governors Drive as its main Municipal Road.

On the other hand, the Governors Drive its major National/Provincial Road connects the City of Bian inLaguna, Carmona, and General Mariano Alvarez (GMA) in Cavite.

With regards to chokepoints, the SLEX-Carmona Exit intersection and Cabilang Baybay Brgy 7 (nearMacaria) are the major areas were traffic conditions transpire moderate to heavy.

1.2.10 Economy

Cottage industries include metal works, metalcraft, footwear industries, concrete products, tricycle assembly,rattan handicrafts and bakeries. Manufacturing firms engaged in handicraft (bags and shoes), furnituremaking, business retailing, personal and business services, and food based enterprises contribute to the

municipalitys trade and commerce. Mercantile activities in the municipality are concentrated at the Poblacionarea and along Governors Drive. Carmona has been classified as a first class municipality since July 1996,brought about by industrialization, real estate development and commercial activities.

Carmonas progress accelerated after the conversion of more than fifty hectares of farmlands into industrialareas in 1998. Garment industries, steel fabrication, microchips and semi-conductors, tool fabrication, busassembly, bulb factories, die casting and other small and medium-scale industries currently operate in themunicipality. These investments continue to provide local employment, generate export earnings, increasemunicipal revenues and serve as vehicles for technology transfer. Foreign investments are pouring in asexport-oriented industries continue to flourish.

Industrialization in the 90s account for the rapid growth of Carmona's business community from an otherwisequaint agricultural town in the 1950s. Brought about by huge capital from the national government, the

industrial complexes bolstered the increase of the municipality's revenues and the change in the people'slifestyle.

Strewn along the Governor's Drive, in a total of 419.31 hectares, making up 13.56% of the towns land areaare the eight (8) industrial complexes namely; Golden Mile Business Park, People's Technology ComplexSpecial Economic Zone, Welborne Industrial Park, Southcoast Industrial Estate, Mountview I and II IndustrialComplexes, Sterling Technopark, and Granville Industrial Estate, where more than 200 factories are inoperation.


17/110

16


1.3

P

LANNING

C

ONTEXT

1.3.1 LGU development priorities

The Municipality of Carmona has jumped from a mere third class to first class LGU in less than a decadethrough rigorous industrialization leading to economic development. A key to which is its politicaltransformation that resulted to a more harmonious administration.

A former Basurahan ng Maynila due to the operation of the Carmona Sanitary Landfill by the Metro ManilaDevelopment Authority (MMDA) in the Municipality, the LGU have strived to improve its environmentalcondition more so, its peoples well-being even before the institution of the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) in 2000. The MDGs nevertheless gave the LGU the framework to reinforce its goals and reach itstargets not only based on its own priorities but more so on a global measure.

Since time immemorial Carmona have strived to reach and maintain its over reaching vision, to be A premierinvestment and sports hub in the province of Cavite with ecologically-balanced community and fast-growingeconomy steered by empowered citizenry and dynamic leadershipwith goals as follows:

1. A peaceful community that supports a well-balanced ecosystem;

2. A progressive Municipality which is committed to attain a sustainable development for a betterlife for its citizenry; and

3. A responsive governance that promotes transparency and accountability.

Desired Qualities of the Citizenry

1. Empowered citizenryCarmona residents are knowledgeable with what is happening to theirlocal government and the community; they participate and are involved in the developmentplanning process; they could voice out their right in every sectoral consultations.

2. Disaster-resilientCarmona residents are prepared in whatever disaster to come. They areready for the effects derived from climate change; they are even aware who and where thevulnerable arepeople and place; the less adaptive, the most sensitive and the most exposedareas.

3. Less household below poverty lineCarmona residents are self-reliant, able to provide for thebasic needs of their families. They are able to adopt the local governments trend onemployment and livelihood resources. They are able to build and increase their capability to

uplift their standard of living.

Desire Status of the Local Economy

1. Sustained ecologically-balanced community properly planned, regulated, and delineatedland-uses wherein urban expansion area is adequate for future growth and development; thereis optimal land utilization without sacrificing its future needs.

2. Fast growing economylow crime rates is evident; adequate facilities for police services arein place; more infrastructure and utilities are developed; additional investments came in due tofavorable and conducive investment hub.


18/110

17


Desired Qualities of the Local Leadership

1. Dynamic leaders committed leaders who are able to utilize resources and deliver bestservices more appropriately; working under transparent and accountable local governance.

2. Strengthened public-private partnershipCarmonas local economy is boosted by partnershipto attain its maximum development this, fulfilling the needs of the community in terms of social,economic, environment and infrastructure and utilities; there is an established active andparticipative collaboration between the local government, the investors, and the community.There is an adequate, appropriate and efficiently managed/co-managed transport andinfrastructure support facilities

1.3.2 Current climate change plans and programs

In most instances, climate change adaptation has been downloaded to the respective environmental officesof each local government units. In Carmona, a separate Municipal Environment & Natural Resources Office(MENRO) was created to facilitate management of the local environment, climate change adaptationmeasures included. However, other departments are also included wherein projects are aligned based ontheir functions such as the Municipal Engineering Office for infrastructure development.

Programs related to climate change adaptation can be classified into three (3): (i) carbon sequestration, (ii)emission reduction, and (iii) rehabilitation.

The Puno ng Bayan: Tree PlantingProgram is the main carbonsequestration program of Carmona. It

was created and implemented in 2011 insupport of the Malacaangs NationalGreening Program (NGP) that aims toplant 1.5 billion trees covering 1.5 millionhectares of land for a period of six yearsfrom 20112016, and the DILGs BillionTrees Program, which is also a supporteffort to the NGP. The Puno ng Bayanrequires all local government employeesincluding those at the Barangay to plantat least ten (10) seedling annually. Averification card is used as proof of tree planting. Seedlings on the other are either purchased, solicited fromother government agencies such as the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) and DENR, or donated

by various companies in the Municipality such as ROHM Electronics Philippines, Inc. (REPI) and ONSemiconductors Philippines among others. Other groups such as the Taiwan Chamber of the SouthPhilippines conducts their own tree planting activities.

With limited land area for tree planting, a total of 20,342 seedlings of various species have been planted from2011-2014 with an estimated survival rate of 60%.

In terms of emission reduction, management of solid waste according to studies contributes a small amountof GHG emission reductions on a post-consumer point of reference. However, if waste reduction andrecycling leading to lesser production of materials, usage of raw resources, and conversation to energy arecalculate, results cannot be undermined.

Solid waste management has been the Municipalitys prime env ironmental effort in the last decade or so.Carmona in the early 1990s has been a dumping area of Metro Manilas waste due the establishment of the

Carmona Sanitary Landfill own and operated by the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) in thearea. Due to management and environmental issues thru the leadership of local officials, the landfill was


19/110

18


force closed. As early as 1997, the LGU were able to craft and implement its very own Comprehensive SolidWaste Management Ordinance (MO 003-97) prior to the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.

A local program Balik Inang Kalikasan, Balik Amang Pabrika (BIKBAP), a recycling and composting programwas recognized as among the best programs in the country in 2002 thru the Gawad Galing Pook 2002. Moreimprovements were done and as the rest as they say, is history.

At present, the LGU thru the MENRO still holds ahighly recognized best practice in solid wastemanagement not only in the Province of Cavite butin the Region as well. Spearheading the programon managing solid waste is the recycling programBasura Palit Gamit Atbp. (BPGA). In BPGArecyclables are collected just like in the regular

junkshops but instead of direct payments, a

passbook that serves as a record book is kept.After collecting certain amount of recyclablesequivalent to Php 50.00 or Php 100.00, apassbook holder can redeem basic commoditiessuch as cooking oil, sugar, rice among others andschool supplies instead of cash.

However, due to insistent demand of participantsand clamor for other commodities that seemed

tedious for the program to provide, a 50% cash redemption was then allowed. Aside from the hundreds ofmetric tons collected since its inception in 2008, more than Php 5 million has been generated by the program.

The program although a LGU program was co-managed by a NGO, the Samahan ng NagkakaisangKababaihan ng Carmona, Inc.(SNKCI). The facilities such as Barangay MRF and Central MRF includingtransport support and seed money are provided by the LGU, but the operations and all financial matters aretasked to the SNKCI. The BPGA aside from being a recycling program is also an income-generating activityfor the community.

The LGU also has a biodegradable waste management program. For years, a 4 2-tonner rotary drumcomposters were used to process biodegradable wastesand produced composts, however in 2013, a 500-kgbioreactor was acquired that dramatically, improved theprogram. For a time, the LGU has also ventured invermicomposting as a trial aimed for agricultural wastesbut did not materialized.

Other waste reduction and recycling programs that the

LGU is implementing include the ecoBag ni Mayor Loyola,which promotes the use of recyclable and reusable bagsbacked up by Municipal Ordinance No. 004-9, otherwiseknown as the Selective Plastic Ban and ecobagordinance; the ecolivelihood program that produces therecycled bags but also various products such asdoormats, plant baskets, bean bags and lanterns out ofrecycled materials.

An industrial area, the LGU also implemented a programthat manages the wastes on the business side, the WasteTransportation program which based on an ordinance,MO 006-05. Thru the program, waste haulers of various

industries are required to secure registration from theMENRO before they can transact business within the


20/110

19


Municipality. Such as well was then included as a requirement of the businessesin securing business permits. Registered vehicles under the program are issued

stickers and are required to have tickets per trip. What the program does is itensures the private sector to manage their wastes appropriately, if not, they aregiven Notice of Violation (NOV) or in some cases, closure orders.

Currently, there are more than 100 registered waste haulers transactingbusinesses in the Municipality. The program has also generated an income closeto Php 3 million with about Php 200,000.00 as incentives to accredited enforcersmonitoring the waste haulers.

In terms of information, education and dissemination (IEC), a holistic effort AkoBasurero Campaignwas launched in 2013 to spread knowledge on proper wastemanagement. Primarily aimed at instituting basic waste management conceptsand know-how, the campaign targets students participation. Composed of a

mascot, jingle, and an oath, Ako Basurero Campaign has been collectingsignatures as part of its program.

In terms of energy consumption, the LGU has also implemented LED lightsinstallation in all government owned and operated facilities. Hundreds ofincandescent and CFL lights were already replaced since 2010 this along withgradual replacement of other equipment such as airconditioning units to inverter types that reduces energyconsumption and minimizes pollution.

The LGU has also been consistently participating annually on Earth Hour since 2009. Earth Hour is aworldwide movement organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) that encourages individuals,communities, households and businesses to turn their non-essential lights and other electronic gadget forone hour, from 8:30-9:30 pm on the last Saturday in March as a symbol of commitment in fighting globalwarming. Yearly the MENRO conducts public addresses and sends invitations to various sectors toparticipate in the event.

With regards to rehabilitation, infrastructure wise, the LGU thru its Municipal Engineering Office (MEO) asfund by the National Government has been implementing improvements such as construction andrehabilitation of drainages within the municipality. The MEO is also in charge with regular cleaning of suchexisting facilities to ensure that they are not clogged especially during heavy downpours to avoid flooding.

And finally, the MENRO has been consistently improving the conditions of the Municipalitys waterways byconducting river cleanups.


21/110

20


1.4

P

LANNING

A

PPROACH

Adaptation prevents or moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities, by making changes in natural orhuman systems in the context of climate change impacts. The impacts of climate change are alreadyoccurring, and because they are projected to become even more severe in the future, it is essential toundertake short-, medium- and long-term adaptation measures. Short-term adaptation measures arerequired immediately in order to prevent and moderate impacts that are already experienced, while medium-and long-term adaptation measures are to prevent and mitigate projected future impacts.

Such concepts are widely applied today in a variety of sectors. The key feature of climate change adaptationis in its proactive nature, including responses to the occurring impacts. These efforts thus should be basedon projections of future climate, impacts, and societal trends. Because these projections involve uncertainty,the challenge is how to formulate adaptation planning under such uncertainties.

The preparation of the basic conditions for adaptation planning and implementation is essential.

These efforts include accumulating information, raising public awareness, and arranging institutionalframeworks for organized initiatives. In particular, as medium- and long-term adaptation is a proactiveresponse, it requires development of institutional arrangements and methodologies for gathering, storing,managing, and utilizing basic information on the target regions and sectors. Discussions about globalwarming tend to focus on mitigation strategies such as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions like carbondioxide, and interest in adaptation measures is typically not very high. Nevertheless, to control the adverseimpacts until climate change mitigation actually becomes effective, it is essential to promote both mitigationand adaptation measures in an integrated way. It is also important to view these measures in the context offuture regional and community development. To promote these types of measures, it is important to aim forgreater awareness about adaptation measures - among not only government departments (including localgovernments), but also at every level of society.

1.4.1

The Planning Framework

This plan serves as supplement and integrates existing CLUP, Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP),Annual Investment Plans (AIP) and other planning processes and development activities the LGU is engagedinto taking into considerations the following:

1. Minimizing risk and improving land development activities that occur in or near flood, slope orcoastal hazard areas.

2. Improving infrastructure for storm water management, solid waste management, access tosafe drinking water, and the movement of goods and people.

3. Protecting ecosystems and environmentally sensitive areas in and around the Municipality.

4. Improving disaster risk reduction, including the improvement of response capacities fordisasters.

5. Supporting local economic development to reduce poverty and improve quality of life.

1.4.2 Guiding Principles

In general, consistent with the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2011-2028, this LCCAP adoptsthe following NFSCC guiding principles:


22/110

21


1. The Framework envisions a climate risk-resilient local government with healthy, sage,

prosperous and self-reliant communities, and thriving productive ecosystems.

2. The goal is to build the adaptive capacity of communities and increase the resilience of naturalecosystems to climate change, and optimize mitigation opportunities towards sustainabledevelopment.

3. The Municipality is committed to its core principle of common but differentiated responsibilitiesand respective capabilities.

4. The precautionary principle guides the LGUs climate change framework and shall takeprecautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change andits adverse effects. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of fullscientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures.

5. The Framework is risk-based, and strategies/activities shall be formulated, with decisionsmade based on the causes, magnitude and impacts of risks.

6. Climate change knowledge is science-based, and shall be formulated, with decisions madebased on the causes, magnitude and impacts of risks.

7. The local priorities shall be adaptation and mitigation, with an emphasis on adaptation as theanchor strategy. Whenever applicable, mitigation actions shall also be pursued as a functionof adaptation.

8. Adaptation measures shall be based on equity, in accordance with common but differentiatedresponsibility; special attention must be given to ensure equal and equitable protection of thepoor, women, children and other vulnerable and disadvantage sectors.

9. Even with inadequate scientific information, anticipatory adaptation measures should beundertaken to prevent or minimize the causes and potential impacts of climate change,whenever necessary.

10. The Framework adopts the Philippine Agenda 21 for Sustainable Development, to fulfill humanneeds while maintain the quality of the natural environment for current and future generations.

11. The principle of complementation shall be observed to ensure that climate change initiativesby one sector do not restrict the adaptation of other sectors.

12. The Framework recognizes the value of forming multi-stakeholder participation andpartnerships in climate change initiatives, including with civil society, private sector and localgovernment, and especially with indigenous peoples and other marginalized groups most

vulnerable to climate change impacts.

13. Policy and incentive mechanisms to facilitate private sector participation in addressingadaptation and mitigation objectives shall be promoted and supported.


23/110

22


1.5

I

NSTITUTIONAL

A

RRANGEMENTS

1.5.1 Local Climate Change Action Plan LCCAP) Planning Team

By virtue of Executive Order No. 01-2015 in accordance with DILG Memorandum dated October 21, 2014,the current Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (MDRRMC) shall also be known asthe Climate Change AdaptationDisaster Risk reduction (CCA-DRR) Planning Team with the members asfollows:

Chairperson : Dr. Dahlia A. LoyolaMunicipal Mayor

Members : Hon. Elmer M. Reyes

Vice MayorSB Chairman, Peace, Public Order and Safety Council

Bernie A. OrtizSB Chairman, Health Environment & Disaster Management

Mildred M. PurificacionMunicipal Planning and Development Coordinators Officer

Rommel DL. PeneyraMDRRM OfficerMunicipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Officer

Carmen T. SaritaMunicipal Social Welfare and Development Officer

Dr. Homer L. AguinaldoMunicipal Health Officer

Nenita L. ErnacioMunicipal Agriculturist

Engr. Fedelino L. MapanooMunicipal Engineer

Domingo C. FloresMunicipal Budget Officer

Edgardo T. De GuzmanZoning Administrator

Angelo A. MachaInformation Technology Officer

Glenn P. San DiegoAdministrative Officer VHuman Resources and Management Office

Dave A. PeanoLocal Economic and Investment Promotion Officer

Engr. Seramel Jay V. De Guzman


24/110

23


Building Official

Joanne B. BawalanMunicipal Information Officer

Armando M. CanitaCARTMO

Marivic M. PakinganSB Secretary

Wilhelmina MagbooDistrict Supervisor - Carmona

PCI Jigger S. NocedaChief, PNP Carmona

FCI Rosalinda T. Sta AnaMunicipal Fire Marshal, BFP Carmona

Hon. Fermin M. LevardoPresident, Liga ng mga Barangay

Divinamor T. DepanoMLGOO Carmona

Edison L. SarmientoGeneral Manager, Carmona Water District

Julie C. DiagoPresident, Samahan ng Nagkakaisang Kababaihan ng Carmona, Inc.Non-Government Organization

Alvin S. NuquePresident, Red Cross 143Non-Government Organization

Jose V. HernandezPresident, Assistance Life Emergency Rescue Team (ALERT) / BrgyCaptain - Brgy 4Non-Government Organization

Cezarie A. MartinezFounder, Philippine Guardians Brotherhood Inc. (PGBI)CarmonaChapterNon-Government Organization

Jovencio R. CalicaPresident, Carmona Business ClubPrivate Sector Representative

Angelina F. PePresident, Senior Citizens Association

Jesusa M. HalninPresident, Kilusan Kabalikat ng may Kapansanan Para sa Kinabukasan


25/110

24


Edgar De Jesus

Managing Director, PTC Locators Association

Robert dela VictoriaPresident, Golden Mile Business Park Association

Bismarck SimundacPresident, Carmona Tourism Alliance Officers

Virginia MabiniPresident, Carmona Private Schools Association

In accord with the DILG Memorandum Circular No.2014-135, the CCA-DRR Planning Team shall performthe following functions:

1. Ensure that a LCCAP will be drafted, approved, implemented, monitored and updated whennecessary;

2. Conduct a climate change orientation for LGU officials, LGU functionaries and other key stakeholderssuch as the private sector, NGOs, community-based groups, the academe, media and other civilsociety representatives to be more informed and have a better understanding of the relevance andimportance of climate change adaptation planning to LGUs sustainable development;

3. Agree on the purpose and scope of climate change adaptation planning;

4. In accordance with Section 2 (c) of the Local Government Code, LGU which requires LGUs to alwaysconsult their constituents in planning and policy/decision making, identify the stakeholders whoshould be involved along with their interest, capacity and influence to the planning process;

5. Seek assistance if needed from DILG Regional/Field Office for Training on the Formulation ofLCCAP;

6. Ensure funds for the preparation and implementation of LCCAP. Section 20 of RA 9729 (as amendedby RA 10174) states that the fund (Peoples Survival Fund) shall be used to support adaptationactivities of local government and communities. The LGU may submit copy of their LCCAP to ClimateChange Commission (CCC) for possible funding; and

7. The NDRRMC-DBM-DILG Joint Memorandum Circular No. 2013-1 dated March 25, 2013 stipulatesthe allocation and utilization of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF)for the following:

Conduct of risk assessment, vulnerability analysis, and other science-basedtechnology and methodologies to enhance LGU ecological profile, sectoral studies andmaintain DRRM activities/climate change adaptation in CLUP and CDP (Item 5.1.1);

Capability building (train, equip, organize, provide funding, sustain) on mainstreamingDRRM/CCA in development planning, investment programming/financing, and projectevaluation and development (Item 5.1.3)

Conduct of activities to review and integrate DRRM/CCA into various environmentalpolicies, plans, programs and project (Item 5.1.4)


26/110

25


1.5.2 Climate Change Core Working Committee

In the same basis, the CCA Working Committee (CTWC) was also created as one of the MDRRMCWorking Committee with the following composition:

Chair : Rommel DL. PeneyraMunicipal Environment & Natural Resources Officer

ViceChair : Chris Harold M. BarlamMunicipal Environment & Natural Resources Office

Members : Jojemar O. TenederoMunicipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office

Melanie Camama

Mayors Office

Evelyn PapaMayors Office

Aldrin AlcedoSanguniang Bayan ng Carmona

Florabel ManaloMunicipal Planning and Development Office

Ruby RosalesMunicipal Social Welfare and Development

Estelita CadienteMunicipal Health Office

Edwin CortezMunicipal Agriculture Office

Engr. Allen LebrudoMunicipal Engineering Office

Norman BautistaMunicipal Budget Office

Nerisa LorenzoMunicipal Assessor Office

Don Johnson BarrettoLand Management OfficeWilfredo ConchaInformation Technology Unit

Ramil MapanooOffice of the Building Official

Julie De GuzmanMunicipal Information Office

Noralyn TrinidadMunicipal Development and Housing Office


27/110

26


SFO1 Linaflor VillanuevaBureau of Fire Protection

Teresita SamanteMunicipal Local Government Operations Office

Engr. Francis TamayoCarmona Water District

Carlos GullezSenior Citizens Association

Aileen Dearoz

Kilusan Kabalikat ng may Kapansanan para sa Kinabukasan

Oscar JavierPTC Locators Association

Eric ObiasGolden Mile Business Park Association

Rizalina MalanaSamahan ng Nagkakaisang Kababaihan ng Carmona, Inc.

Mr. Armand ArboledaCarmona Tourism Alliance Officers

Bituin IlaganCarmona Private Schools Association

Heidee Legacion LunaDepEd District of Carmona

As a working committee, they performs the following functions in accordance with the DILG MemorandumCircular No. 2014-135:

1. Revisit the LGU vision in the context of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reductionplanning and see whether CCA-DRR agenda is already included, if not, it is recommended to includeCCA-DRR elements;

2. Prior to the assessment, gathering of relevant data from the local government, relevant nationalgovernment agencies and private source is imperative and would be very helpful. Some of theimportant data and information that must be gathered, but not limited to, are the following:

LGU Ecological Profile (using the most recent CBMS data)

Local Development Indicators System (LDIS)

Current/Updated CLUP, CDP, LDIP and ELA

Local weather & climate data (form PAGASA or DOST)

Hazard and risk maps (check PHILVOCS for geophysical hazards. MGB for other

geohazard maps such as rainfall-induced landslides, storm surges, liquefaction and

other development analysis from local scientific institutions from Universities and


28/110

27


Colleges (local, national, international), the private sector, NGOs and projects funded by

development partners).

National and LGU produced GIS maps

Other thematic maps held by government agencies

Economic, Agriculture and Health data

Inventory of existing infrastructures

News clippings of climate & disaster events (if available, for a span of 20-30 years)

Provincial, City, Municipal Climate Projections(refer to PAGASA and CCC websites)

Other relevant information needed for vulnerability and adaptation assessment

3. Make use of other available tools and audit forms of other government agencies which are currentlybeing used by LGUs to assess their current governance and management situation may also beused to gather additional data and information that can be used to assess and measure vulnerability

of certain places, elements and sectors. Some of these tools and audit forms are:

Infrastructure Audit (this is particularly important in assessing vulnerability and

sensitivity of schools and other government buildings being used as evacuation

centers and command response centers)

Disaster Preparedness Audit

Environmental Compliance Audit

4. Identify climate-related hazards, climate trends, anomalies and abnormalities that your LGU hasobserved and experienced (30 years span);

5. Conduct vulnerability adaptation assessment (VAA) by looking at three factors namely: exposure,sensitivity and adaptive capacity

Exposureis to identify elements, places, people & sectors exposed to the climate related

and geologic hazards

Sensitivity is to determine the degree to which exposed people, places, institutions and

sectors are impacted by climate change hazards today and in the future

Adaptive capacity is to determine the coping/adaptive capacity of the people, institutions

places and sectors to the identified climate hazards

The purpose of VAA is to provide LGUs with information relevant in defending their adaptation

priorities and plans. The VAA will also provides guidance in identifying where and programs,

project and activities are needed to effectively manage the un-avoidable impacts of climate

change

6. Ask the help of a climate science expert or Resource Persons (e.g. Climate Change Commission,scientific institutions and other Private Organizations focused on CCA/DRR issues and/or from Local

Academic & Research Institutions) to interpret and translate local climate change related data andinformation (maybe provincial or regional in scope) into climate trends and identify/create climatechange projections to be used in the different stage of LCCAP formulation

7. Prepare the result of the VAA taking into consideration the limitations in terms of scope and agreedobjectives at the beginning of the assessment process. It also important to include maps generatedand all data gather as part of the annexes or attachments. The list of people, sectors and institutionswho participated in the VAA process must also be included in the report for future follo-up orinvolvement in the implementation of adaptation options and plans.

8. Refer to the result of the VAA and Risk Analysis to determine what CC risks you want to reduce andwhat coping/adaptive capacities you want to enhance;


29/110

28


9. Check with the goals, objectives and targets of the LGU for the period (short term, medium terms &

long term goals) as stated in the CLUP, CDP & ELA. Refer to the National Climate Change ActionPlan (NCCAP), LGU mandates and current thrusts of the national and local government for projectideas and objectives;

10. Enhance the objectives of the sectors (social, economic, infrastructure, environmental andinstitutional) by re-stating the current objective or create additional objectives that would address theidentified vulnerabilities and risks from projected climate hazards;

11. Check with the list of PPAs and legislations as stated in the CLUP, CDP & ELA, and then refer to theresult of the VAA and Risk Analysis to determine what climate change options you want to implementin the short, medium and long term plans which should include program, project and policy actionsto reduce LGUs vulnerability, develop its adaptive capacity and to build its overall resilience toclimate change;

12. Although priority is given to the identification of the adaptation options, it is also strongly suggestedto identify mitigation options (such as but not limited to energy and water conservation, improvementsin energy and water efficiency and overall greening) to help reduce carbon footprints of the LGU andcommunities and contribute to the efforts of reducing our impact to the worlds climate;

13. Prioritize programs, projects and activities and identify appropriate timeline for each, thenrecommend policies that would enable the implementation of the prioritized adaptation and mitigationoptions;

14. LGU may opt to use an alternative set of criteria as given below for prioritizing adaptation andmitigation options.

CATEGORY GENERAL CRITERIA

Urgent Projects that cannot reasonably postponed

Projects that would remedy conditions dangerous to publichealth, safety and welfare

Projects needed to maintain critically needed programs

Projects needed to meet emergency situations

Essential Projects required to complete or make usable a major publicimprovement

Project required to maintain minimum standards as part ofongoing program

Desirable self-liquidating projects

Repair on maintenance projects to prolong life of existing

facilitiesNecessary Projects that should be carried out to meet clearly identified and

anticipated needs

Projects to replace obsolete or unsatisfactory facilitiesRepair or maintenance projects to prolong life of existingfacilities

Desirable Projects needed for expansion of current programs

Projects designed to initiate new programs consideredappropriate for a progressive community

Acceptable Projects that can be postponed without detriment to presentoperations if budget cuts are necessary

Deferrable Projects recommended for postponement or elimination fromimmediate consideration in the current LDIP

Projects that are questionable in terms of over-all needs,adequate planning, or proper timing


30/110

29


In addition, it may also help the LGUs if they can classify their projects as climate proofing of

development projects or discrete climate change adaptation projects such as rainwater harvesting,identification and designation of no build zones.

Furthermore a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis that also considers indirect costs and benefits,non-monetary values and externalities or other tools can also be used for prioritizing options.


31/110

30


2 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

2.1

H

ISTORICAL

O

CCURRENCES

Listed below are the disasters and calamities that struck the Municipality of Carmona in recent years. As can

be observed, flooding primarily near the river and canals are common whenever there is high precipitation

due to typhoons and monsoon rains.

Table 9. Matrix of Disasters/Calamities in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite

Barangay Nature ofDisaster

Date Affected Remarks

Specific

Location

Population/

households

Structure

1 Flood due totyphoonMilenyo

Proper 20 HHs 20 houses

2 Flood due totyphoonOndoy

Extension 7 HHs 7 houses

3 Fire incidence 02/2009 B3 3 HHs 3apartments

4 Fire Incidence 11-27-2011 444 JMLoyola

3 HHs 3 houses due tooverheat ofcellphone

charger5 flood due to

Typhoon537 JMLoyola

1 HHs 1 house damagedroofing

6 flood due toTyphoon

No cases of affected HHs

7 flood due tocloggedcanals

09-2010 road 15 HHs 15 houses rain waterentered theaffectedhouseswhichcauseddamage ontheir

appliances8 flood due to

TyphoonMilenyo

2007 J. ZamoraSt.

2 HHs 2 House rain waterentered theaffectedhousesflood due to

TyphoonOndoy

2009 J. ZamoraSt.

2 HHs 2 House

9 Flood due totyphoonMilenyo

2007 AltarezVillage

2 Hhs 2 Houses Waterenteredinside thehousebecause ofthe growth

of riverwater

flood due toTyphoonOndoy

9-2009 Vizcarra St. 2 HHs 2 Houses

Bo. S.Altarez

1 HHs 1 Houses

8-07-2012 Viscarra St. 4 HHs 4 Houses


32/110

31


Barangay Nature ofDisaster

Date Affected Remarks

Specific

Location

Population/

households

Structure

Flood due toHabagat

GumamelaSt.- BaybayIlog

6 HHs 6 houses Alongriverbanks

J.M/ LoyolaSt.

3 HHs 3 Houses

Dahlia St. 1 HHs 1 Houses

Fire Incidence 9-14-2009 Paseo C.A.Ortiz

1 HHs 1 Houses

10 Flood due toTyphoonMilenyo

2001 San PabloSt.-Silangan

388 HH 388houses

Cloggeddrainagecanalscaused by

backflowingof water

Flood due to

Pedring

2006 443 HH 443

housesFlood due toTyphoonOndoy

2009 77 HH 77 houses

Flood due toHabagat

2012 50 HH 50 houses

11 Flood due toTyphoon-Milenyo

09-28-2006 Mabuhay houses

Figure 4. Comparison of affected households per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite

Shown in Figure 4 is a comparison of affected households per barangay of all the listed disasters/calamitiesin Table 9. More than half or 958 households come from Barangay Cabilang Baybay which is situated near

Soro-soro and Cabilang Baybay River.

20

0

3

3

1

0

15

4

20

958

0

322

21

0

Brgy 1

Brgy 2

Brgy 3

Brgy 4

Brgy 5

Brgy 6

Brgy 7

Brgy 8

Maduya

C.Baybay

Mabuhay

Milagrosa

Lantic

Bancal

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200


33/110

32


2.2

C

LIMATE

-R

ELATED

H

AZARDS AND THEIR

I

MPACTS

A Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) study in 2011-2012 conducted by the Municipal Planning,Development and Coordinating Office (MPDO) included sets of questions that identified the vulnerability ofthe Municipality in climate-related hazards and their impacts, which are then used in this section.

2.2.1

Low Productivity in Agriculture

Agriculture and fisheries are highly dependent on specific climate conditions, thus understanding the overalleffect on food supply can be very difficult. The Municipality of Carmona from agriculture has shifteddramatically to industrial and residential in recent years, be as it may percentages of lands are still allottedto such activities. Table 10 shows the remaining 127 or 0.65% of households still engaged in agricultureutilizing about 29% of the total land area. On the other hand, Table 11 shows what climate-related hazardsaffects the low productivity.

Table 10. Households per Barangay engaged in agriculture in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite

Barangay number ofhouseholds

Households engaged in agriculture*

Magni tude* Proport ion**

CARMONA 19589 127 0.65

Bancal 3528 20 0.57

Cabilang Baybay 1624 7 0.43

Lantic 2283 29 1.27

Mabuhay 2228 22 0.99

Maduya 2516 20 0.79

Milagrosa 5018 21 0.42Barangay 1 (Pob.) 735 6 0.82

Barangay 2 (Pob.) 115 0 0.00

Barangay 3 (Pob.) 133 0 0.00

Barangay 4 (Pob.) 167 0 0.00

Barangay 5 (Pob.) 172 0 0.00

Barangay 6 (Pob.) 186 1 0.54

Barangay 7 (Pob.) 150 0 0.00

Barangay 8 (Pob.) 734 1 0.14

Table 11. Reasons for low harvest in the agriculture sector in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite

Municipality Household Reason for low harvest*

Magni tude* Proport ion**CARMONA 27

Increase in cost of farm inputs such as seeds,fertilizer, pesticides, etc.

14 56.00

Affected by drought 5 20.00

Affected by typhoon 4 16.00

Affected by flood 1 4.00

Affected by pests 3 12.00

Decrease in supply of water from the irrigation 0 0.00

Change in primary occupation of member 0 0.00

Others, Specify 0 0.00


34/110

33


Figure5.Hou

seholdswithdecreasecrophar

vestintheMunicipalityofCarmona,Cavite


35/110

34


2.2.2 Increase in Temperature

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal and is now evident from observations of increases in globalaverage air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sealevel. In Carmona, an urbanizing municipality has been experiencing a so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI)effect or the rise in temperature of any man-made area, resulting in a well-defined, distinct warm islandamong the cool sea represented by the lower temperature of the areas nearby natural landscape.

Shown in Table 12 is a summary of households that observed increase in temperature of their environment.About 37% of the total households number of the Municipality experiences the UHI effect with BarangayMilagrosa with the highest quantity. Consequently has the highest number of population and householdsgiven its relatively small land area.

Table 12. Households who experienced increase in temperature by Barangay in the Municipality of

Carmona, Cavite


Households who experienced increase in temperature*


CARMONA 19589 7214 36.82

Bancal 3528 964 27.32


Lantic 2283 568 24.88

Mabuhay 2228 1139 51.12

Maduya 2516 966 38.39

Milagrosa 5018 2363 47.09

Barangay 1 (Pob.) 735 47 6.39

Barangay 2 (Pob.) 115 115 100.00

Barangay 3 (Pob.) 133 121 90.98

Barangay 4 (Pob.) 167 8 4.79

Barangay 5 (Pob.) 172 0 0.00

Barangay 6 (Pob.) 186 4 2.15

Barangay 7 (Pob.) 150 0 0.00

Barangay 8 (Pob.) 734 373 50.82

Illustrated in Figure 6 are the households who felt increases in their environmental temperature.


36/110

35


Figure6.Householdswhoexperiencedincreaseintemp

eratureintheMunicipalityofCarmona,Cavite


37/110

36


2.2.3 Insufficiency in Basic Utilities

The countrys entire energy system is vulnerable to increasingly severe and costly weather events driven byclimate change. A concrete illustrations are the areas left devastated by Typhoon Yolanda wherein electriclines and posts were destroyed and took weeks and months before it was restored. Although the Municipalityhave not experienced such prolonged and severe power outages, such impacts are inevitable.

A total of 275 households or 1.4% experiences more frequent brownouts (Table 13). Among thesehouseholds, about 73% are located in Barangay Milagrosa. An Illustration of the households are shown inFigure 7.

Table 13. Households who experienced more frequent brownouts by Barangay in the Municipalityof Carmona, Cavite


Households who experienced more frequentbrownouts*


CARMONA 19589 275 1.40

Bancal 3528 8 0.23


Lantic 2283 41 1.80

Mabuhay 2228 6 0.27

Maduya 2516 14 0.56

Milagrosa 5018 201 4.01

Barangay 1 (Pob.) 735 0 0.00

Barangay 2 (Pob.) 115 0 0.00Barangay 3 (Pob.) 133 0 0.00

Barangay 4 (Pob.) 167 1 0.60

Barangay 5 (Pob.) 172 0 0.00

Barangay 6 (Pob.) 186 1 0.54

Barangay 7 (Pob.) 150 0 0.00

Barangay 8 (Pob.) 734 1 0.14


38/110

37


Figure7.Household

swhoexperiencedmorefrequentbrownoutsintheMunicipality

ofCarmona,Cavite


39/110

38


As temperature continues to rise, significant impact on fresh water supplies can be expected. As temperatureincrease, evaporation increases, sometimes resulting in droughts. The natural water cycle is disrupted hence

ground water reserves are no longer recharged coupled by continuous destruction of watersheds.

The Municipality of Carmona has yet to experience prevalent decrease in water supply. However, without anatural recharge source, such condition is unavoidable. Currently, less than 1% of the total household sizeexperienced decrease in their water supply coming from Barangays Milagrosa, Mabuhay and Poblacion 1.

Table 14 shows the summary of the households per Barangay while Figure 8 depicts their location.

Table 14. Households who experienced decrease in water supply by Barangay in the Municipality ofCarmona, Cavite

Barangay number of

households

Households who experienced decrease in water supply*


CARMONA 19589 91 0.46

Bancal 3528 3 0.09


Lantic 2283 4 0.18

Mabuhay 2228 22 0.99

Maduya 2516 4 0.16

Milagrosa 5018 40 0.80

Barangay 1 (Pob.) 735 17 2.31

Barangay 2 (Pob.) 115 1 0.87

Barangay 3 (Pob.) 133 0 0.00

Barangay 4 (Pob.) 167 0 0.00

Barangay 5 (Pob.) 172 0 0.00

Barangay 6 (Pob.) 186 0 0.00

Barangay 7 (Pob.) 150 0 0.00

Barangay 8 (Pob.) 734 0 0.00


40/110

39


Figure8.Household

swhoexperienceddecreaseinwatersupplyintheMunicipality

ofCarmona,Cavite


41/110

40


2.2.4 Flooding

In recent years, the country has experienced more and more devastating inundations in growing number ofareas, the Municipality of Carmona included. The Habagatin 2013 is an example of a cumulative effect ofhigh moisture, clogged river systems and poor drainage systems among others.

With areas close to river systems, Barangay Cabilang Baybay and Maduya are most susceptible to floodingas shown in Table 15 and Illustrated in Figure 9.

Table 15. Households who experienced more frequent flooding by Barangay in the Municipality ofCarmona, Cavite


Households who experienced more frequent flooding*


CARMONA 19589 220 1.12

Bancal 3528 1 0.03


Lantic 2283 1 0.04

Mabuhay 2228 4 0.18

Maduya 2516 24 0.95


Barangay 1 (Pob.) 735 1 0.14

Barangay 2 (Pob.) 115 0 0.00

Barangay 3 (Pob.) 133 0 0.00

Barangay 4 (Pob.) 167 0 0.00Barangay 5 (Pob.) 172 0 0.00

Barangay 6 (Pob.) 186 0 0.00

Barangay 7 (Pob.) 150 0 0.00

Barangay 8 (Pob.) 734 3 0.41


42/110

41


Figure9.HouseholdswhoexperiencedmorefrequentfloodingintheMunicipalityo

fCarmona,Cavite


43/110

42


2.2.5 Droughts

Global warming also affects evapotranspiration, the movement of water into the atmosphere from land andwater surfaces and plants due to evaporation and transpiration. With increasing temperature, we can expectincreased droughts in dry areas and seasons that may lead to below normal levels of rivers, lakes andgroundwater. It may also result to lack of enough soil moisture in agricultural areas that in turn affectsproductivity.

With dwindling areas for agriculture, the Municipality anticipates low number of affected households.However, it is expected that water supply for basic needs will be compromised. Shown in Table 16 is thedata that shows the number of households who experienced more frequent droughts in recent years.

Although less than 1% of the total households, it is expected to increase in the coming years. An illustrationis shown in Figure 10.

Table 16. Households who experienced more frequent droughts by Barangay in the Municipality ofCarmona, Cavite


Households who experienced more frequentdroughts*


CARMONA 19589 73 0.37

Bancal 3528 7 0.20


Lantic 2283 40 1.75

Mabuhay 2228 4 0.18

Maduya 2516 16 0.64


Barangay 1 (Pob.) 735 1 0.14

Barangay 2 (Pob.) 115 0 0.00

Barangay 3 (Pob.) 133 0 0.00

Barangay 4 (Pob.) 167 1 0.60

Barangay 5 (Pob.) 172 0 0.00

Barangay 6 (Pob.) 186 0 0.00

Barangay 7 (Pob.) 150 0 0.00

Barangay 8 (Pob.) 734 0 0.00

2.2.6 Summary

A summary of the affected households by various climate-related hazards is shown in Figure 11.


44/110

43


Figure10.Households

whoexperiencedmorefrequentsdroughtsintheMunicipalityo

fCarmona,Cavite


45/110

44


Figure11.Summaryofho

useholdsaffectedbyvariousclimate-relatedhazardsintheMun

icipalityofCarmona,Cavite


46/110

45


2.3

I

DENTIFYING CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY THROUGH THE

CCVI

The Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI) is a methodology based on a set of common or coreindicators for measuring, monitoring and evaluating local vulnerability and adaptation being developed basedon the NCCAPs thematic priorities. Its objective is to support the development of a coherent and practicalmetrics or indicators for vulnerability and adaptation assessment that can be consistently applied at thenational and subnational levels.

The CCVI is comprised by three (3) general sub-indices: (1) exposure to climate hazards, (2) sensitivityindicators, and (3) adaptive capacity indicators. The data used for such CCVI was derived from theaforementioned CBMS study wherein only those climate changerelated hazards were extrapolated for thisPlan. However, the data for the CCVI still contains those that are not.

Using the CCVI, the vulnerability of the Municipality by Barangay was identified (Table 17). As shown,Barangay 1 was identified to be the most exposed to various hazards with Barangay Lantic as the least. In

terms of sensitivity, Barangay Milagrosa is the most sensitive and Barangay 3 as the least. Finally, in termsof their capacity to adapt to such hazards, Barangay 6 was determined to have the highest likelihood to adaptto various hazards while Barangay Maduya with lowest. In summary, Barangay 1 has the highest CCVI withBarangay Mabuhay with the lowest. Further explanations on the above CCVI are located in the succeedingsections.

Table 17. Climate change vulnerability index per Barangay in the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite

BARANGAY EXPOSUREINDEX

SENSITIVITYINDEX

ADAPTIVECAPACITYINDEX

BARANGAYCCVI

RANK

Barangay 1 0.4648251217 0.3873501688 0.6416606514 0.5064661085 1

Barangay 7 0.4242197581 0.3106198852 0.6480760628 0.4723178047 2

Lantic 0.3918053621 0.4576598917 0.5450215188 0.4674196136 3

Barangay 2 0.4219382845 0.3418794484 0.6005569851 0.4634632476 4

Barangay 6 0.4263052167 0.2173918581 0.6826458624 0.4579472547 5

Milagrosa 0.4229584441 0.4634848131 0.4700902956 0.4522444143 6

Bancal 0.3924506832 0.3648150228 0.5765181311 0.4515537324 7

Barangay 5 0.4269112732 0.2141118337 0.6407192742 0.4418425011 8

Barangay 3 0.4233745967 0.1639545206 0.6462567701 0.4277642973 9

Barangay 8 0.3994383774 0.2190405911 0.6194383601 0.4262671534 10

Maduya 0.4020603018 0.4439977945 0.4026625349 0.4147484958 11

Barangay 4 0.4226811404 0.1924817945 0.5873701182 0.4144750834 12

Cabilang Baybay 0.3937010991 0.252938883 0.5615256254 0.4132313009 13

Mabuhay 0.4076686756 0.2572839799 0.5320329568 0.4084433949 14


47/110

46


Figure12.CCVImapoftheMunicipalityofCarmona,Cavite


48/110

47


2.3.1 Exposure

Exposure refers to the coverage of a system of interest to stimuli that act on that system. This can be readilyconceptualized as climate variability and/or the various changes in the climate system that are often ofconcern to stakeholders: temperature increases, rainfall variability and change (including extremes), orchanges in the frequency or intensity of tropical cyclones. Two hazards, namely (i) Landslides and (ii) Floodsare identified for this plan. The Exposure Index Map is shown in Figure 14

Increasing rainfall intensities and frequencies, coupled with population growth can drastically increaselandslide-associated casualties, especially in developing countries such as our country, where pressure onland resources often lead to slope cultivation and agriculture. Such as activities are very much prone tolandslide disasters.

Figure 13 shows the landslide intensity map of the Municipality wherein Low Intensity Landslide (LIL) can beexpected at the upper part and the rest of upland Cavite. Four (4) Barangays with 8 puroks are low

susceptible to rain induced landslides. Affected lots are deposition areas in Barangays Lantic, Bancal,Mabuhay and Cabilang Baybay which consist of 172 hectares (Figure 15; Table 18).

Figure 13. Landslide intensity map of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite.


49/110

48


Figure14

.ExposureindexmapoftheMunicipalityofCarmona,Cavite


50/110

49


Figure15.R

ain-inducedlandslidehazardmapoftheMunicipalityofCarmon

a,Cavite


51/110

50


Table18.Characterizationofra

in-induncedlandslideintheMun

icipalityofCarmona,Cavite

SusceptibilityLevels

Tota

l

Popula

tion

Total

HH

AgeGroup

Disabled

TotalLand

Area

High

Moderate

Lo

Date post:	23-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	kami-mendoza-barlam
View:	221 times
Download:	0 times

Carmona Local Climate Change Action Plan 2015-2024

Documents