Carter’s Downfall

• Focus on human rights and diplomacy, not military force

• Gave the Panama Canal back to Panama• Iranian Hostage Crisis 444 days• Soviets invade Afghanistan

• Carter Doctrine• Force to protect Persian Gulf Region• Canceled Grain Deal with Russia

• Cancel SALT II• Cancel Olympics

• Economy was in a downturn

Carter vs. Reagan Carter Reagan

• Cautious• Crisis of Confidence Speech

• Lost ability to face future• Lost can do spirt • Wasteful• Need vibrant approach to energy

crisis• Do More with less

• Fractured Democratic Coalition • Ted Kennedy

• Optimistic • Energetic/Patriotic • Conservatism• States Rights• White Backlash

• Resent advancements made by African Americans ’60s-’70s

• Condemned Welfare Cheats, busing, affirmative action

• Stood for family values• Moral majority

• States Rights• Pro Business

• Anti-union• Free Market

• Increase Military• Anti-Soviet Rhetoric

The Reagan Revolution (Conservative Reaction)• Lower taxes,/smaller government,

strong military, social conservatism• Switched from Keynesian economics to

trickle down• Deregulated industries

• Telephone• S&L (Savings and Loan Industries)• Trucking • Environmental laws

• Breaks apart air traffic controller union• Federal Employees are forbidden to strike• Fired over 11,000

• Cuts social welfare programs• Social Safety net

• Conservative Judges• Sandra Day O’Conner• Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy

Effects

• Increases US debt• Income inequality• Increases homelessness• Economic growth

Effects of the Effects• War on drugs, crime, etc.

• D.A.R.E

• Crime wave of the 70s and 80s

Election of 1984

• Wins historic reelection• ’81 wounded by an assassination

attempt• Second term

• Lower taxes even further• Limit to illegal immigration• De-escalate cold war

• limited by Iran-Contra Scandal & stock Market Crash

Immigration Reform and Control Act 1986

• Amnesty for all illegal immigrants living in US

• Employers would stop hiring illegal immigrants

• 1990s-Resistance to series of anti-immigrant propositions in California

• cutting off state services to those in the country illegally.

• healthcare • public education

Reagan & the end of the End of the Cold War

• Expands US military, funds Strategic Defense Initiative - SDI (Star Wars )-Arms race

• Goal: Bankrupt Soviet Union

• Aids anti-communist forces with CIA (Chili, Nicaragua, Grenada)

Iran Contra Affair

• Nicaraguan Contras• Anti-communist

• Congress Prohibits funding• Cocaine Dealers

• Sold Weapons in secret to Iran in exchange to release hostages

• $ was then funded to the Contras• Reagan denied knowing anything about it

• Took responsibility• Too popular to try to impeach

• Limits success of his administration

Soviets - Gorbachev• Soviet Economy was a disaster• Gorbachev begins reforms

• Glasnost – openness, Soviet citizens could criticize their government and discuss social problems

• Perestroika – restructuring, limit free market reforms to country’s socialist planned economy

• Lead to regional autonomy and nationalism by region

• Begins meeting with ReaganTear Down This Wall

Election of 1988• Domestic Issues• George H.W. Bush –

Republican, Vice President• Tough on crime• Not raise taxes (he did)

The Crumbling of Communism• China = prodemocratic demonstrations

• Tiananmen Square Protesters (’89)

• Unknown amount killed more imprisoned

• Eastern Europe• Warsaw Pact – Soviet Union no longer providing

them assistance• Poland’s Solidarity Movement (’89)

• Berlin Wall Comes down• Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania declare

independence (’90)

• Gorbachev forced from power late ‘91Wall Being Torn Down

End of the Cold War• Christmas Day 1991 USSR dissolves• Boris Yeltson = president of Russia• Joined by 14 former Soviet republics to

create the Commonwealth of Independent States

• Bush and Yeltson begin dismantling nuclear arms stockpiles

• START I Treaty – reduce # of nuclear warheads in both countries

• START II in ‘93 reduce further with added promise of US to aide Russian economy