CAse StudyETHICS-ENVIRONMENT-EQUILIBRIUM-Siddharth Tripathy

8/7/2019 CAse StudyETHICS-ENVIRONMENT-EQUILIBRIUM-Siddharth Tripathy

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EnvironmentethicsequilibriumSiddharth Tripathy1

Before the beginningGosaai Pawar has been dead for more than a decade now. The suicide of this cotton

farmer had hit many a headlines in the media. And one can only wonder the state of

dj-vu his soul must be experiencing witnessing the present plight of cotton farmers

in India.

What is common between Death Trap, Fatal Attraction, Killer Crop, Pollution

Peril, Suicide Hotspots, Tangled Web & Torn Fabric? No, they are not just big

budgeted suspense thrillers from Hollywood, but nom de plume for COTTON in the

last decade or so in India, which ironically has also been widely acknowledged as

White Gold around the world.

Resource poor farmers from semi-arid regions of India (especially Vidarbha,

Telangana & Western Orissa) have been existing in abject socio-economic conditions

facing a barrage of predicaments in form of natural vagaries, high input dependence,

indebtedness, market distortions, corporatization of agriculture and a single window

clearance from all such woes suicide.

1Manager Communications & PR, Hyderabad

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Though grown in grossly 5% -6% (nearly 9.6-10 mHa 2) of total cropped area, cotton

accounts for more than 50% of all toxic chemical pesticides usage in India, making

the pesticide industry in India churn out newer molecules everyday thereby becoming

the largest such sector in Asia & 12th largest in the world. This coupled with mono-

cropping practices has not only caused tremendous stress on natural eco-system, but

also led to pollution of soils & ground water, resulting in depleting soil health, pest

resistance and resurgence (making the American Bollworm a household name in the

farming community), increased costs of cultivation and water use (~1,300-2,000 liters

per plant) and most importantly leading to major health problems and subsequent

fatalities among labor (esp. women & children) & farmers alike through acute &

chronic poisoning.

Despite such apparent difficulties cotton continues to be the most popular cash crop in

these regions and farmers irrespective of their socio-economic status choose to

cultivate it with a deliberate amnesia of past experience and innocent hope for a new

fruitful season.

What is it then that makes cotton a cynosure for agricultural communities across the

country since the past green revolution to the present gene revolution?

Why does it repeatedly hit the headlines in both national & international media

entailing heated debates in Indian parliament and an intermittent uneasiness in Civil

Society Organizations in and across the country?

Or in simpler terms, why do the farmers choose to cultivate cotton in the first place?

The answers to this are not so easy but also not too difficult to comprehend

Elementary reasons for such a behavior can be attributed primarily to the agro-

climatic conditions of these places, which is unsuitable for cultivation of other cash

crops (excepting some cereals, pulses and recently soy) and more significantly due to

the fact that cotton fetches immediate monetary benefits for these cash crunched

farmers. The increase in area under cotton cultivation over the years in India is

testimonial to this very fact.

The beginning

It is under the above mentioned context that Chetna Organic spun off in the year 2004

as an Organic & Fair Trade supply chain initiative in the semi-arid & predominantly2 Million Hectares

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tribal regions of Andhra Pradesh (Telangana), Maharashtra (Vidarbha) and Western

Orissa (Kalahandi & Bolangir) with a vision to improve the livelihood options of

small farm holding households involved in cotton cultivation through making their

farming systems more sustainable and more profitable.

The key factors, all interlinked for such an intervention, can be summed up as under:

Lack of Self-Organization in the farming sector;

Intensive dependence on external factors;

Grave ecological degradation due to conventional methods of cotton farming;

Inadequate resources (institutional, social, economic & technical);

Prevalence of health hazards in conventional cotton farming;

Forced migration of farming communities with farming becoming an unviable

profession;

Given these apparent lacunae in the agrarian scenario, Chetna Organic conceived to

address them by developing Short, Mid & Long term goals and concrete

objectives, which were then implemented by a rich pool of human resources with

expertise ranging from socio-technical extension services, policy & advocacy,

monitoring & evaluation to marketing & international trade.

Purpose of Intervention

As a primary objective of the project it was envisaged that farmers should own the

process; make informed decisions and have stakes in the supply chain. It was in this

spirit that Chetna Organic Farmers Association (COFA) was registered as a

national level farmers organization in Hyderabad under the Societies Act 2001. The

underlying philosophy of COFA was to support farmers in adopting low external

input based sustainable farming and exploring/facilitating ethical market linkages to

their primary produce after value addition. COFAworks directly for the benefit of its

smallholder member farmers, who without a common organized platform would be in

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a precarious position.

With the influx of farmers and volumes of produce growing over years, it was felt that

COFA should necessarily have an arm specifically dedicated to trading and market

linkages. As a result, a national level producers owned company, namely Chetna

Organic Agriculture Producer Company (COAPCL) was promoted in February

2009 under Part IX A of the Companies Act 1956.

COAPCL in principle is a completely farmer owned commodity trading company

working towards providing a fair business alternative through best possible market

prices and transparent business practices to Chetna farmers. Although promoted on a

trade-platform, it complements COFAs work towards improving livelihood of

farmers through encouraging collective marketing of organic produce and moving up

the value chain via collaboration with value chain constituents, who are sensitized

towards forming a fair and sustainable business relationship with farmers.

On a global level COFA & COAPCL work in partnership and hold membership with

international labeling initiatives such as Made-By (www.made-by.nl), Max Havelaar,

Fair Trade Foundation (UK), IFOAM, Organic Exchange

(www.organicexchange.org) and others in building ethical supply chains. At the

domestic level, they actively collaborate with initiatives like Non Pesticide

Management Initiative (NPMI), Shop for Change (SFC) and other like minded

consortiums that work for developing domestic markets.

The transition from a project mode in 2004 with barely 236 farmers to over 9000

farmers under the Chetna flag is self explanatory of its growth-which doesnt only

center on figures but more significantly in the dissemination of its concept. With more

than 35,000 acres of land under organic farming out of which around 17,000 to

20,000 acres is under cotton and with an expected yield of 76,500 to 90,000 quintals

of clean cotton in addition to organically certified non-cotton crops such as Pulses

(Red Gram, Green Gram, Black Gram and Bengal Gram), Soy, Paddy, Vegetable and

Non Timber Forest Produce, it becomes apparent that farmers have internalized the

importance of sustainable farming and ethical trade.

While we talk of acreage and yields, it becomes imperative to mention that Chetna

promotes sustainable farming, which incorporates rotational cropping patterns. Thus

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farmers from Chetna shift their main crop from cotton to any other crop based on the

agro-climatic conditions of the region. This also addresses a major issue of food

security among small and marginal farmers who are prevented from choosing a

cropping pattern out of sheer market-centric demands and dynamics. Thus, arriving

at fixed figures for acreage and thereby production becomes paradoxical to the very

vision of promoting a bio-diverse and sustainable farming model. Having said this, it

remains a fact that acreage and production increase with the number of new farmers

joining the program over a period of time.

The journey: Power of Aggregation

On a May afternoon, Purna Sabar, a marginal tribal farmer braves the mercury, as he

stands at the threshold of his hut with his eyes riveted to the clouds arranging his

destiny in the sky. He awaits the rains, as do his wife & son. A little later the family is

seen at the field, preparing their land for a new farming season.

Fast-forward six months Purna hires a bullock cart to load his cotton produce

under the fastidious and eager scrutiny of his wife. What lies ahead is a daylong

journey to the nearest cotton procurement center through almost non-existent roads.

On the cards is a barrage of predicaments ranging from confrontations with local

trader to a labyrinth of malfunctioning like weighing, grading and an arduously long

wait at the procurement center.

The near past also has not been too pleasant, with his cotton stocked shabbily in his

hut inviting multifaceted contamination, eventually leading to a loss in quality, or

rather loss in money to be precise. If ever Purna wishes to certify his product as

organic he has to part with his annual income as the inspecting fees along with a fact

he may not qualify for certification due to the norms of certifying bodies regarding

landholding size(s).

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Beset with such problems, a cross section of portraits across small and marginal

farmers in India would be identical. These problems in fact raise some nagging

questions like

How does an individual farmer manage the economics & quality of input

requirements?

How does an individual farmer market her/his produce?

How does S/he negotiate with the local trader (middleman) to avoid an

inevitable debt-trap?

How does S/he manage to decipher the complexities of market dynamics?

How does S/he maintain quality of the produce?

How does an individual farmer avail certification given the costs and rigging

norms?

Finally who assures a fair price?

It is here that the power of aggregation and its benefits to the poor gets highlighted.

For a farmer to trade his/her produce without getting exploited, it becomes profoundly

significant that s/he is adequately informed of the business nuances of agri-

commodity trading. But in a country like India, assuming such a possibility is utopian.

An invaluable question that surfaces then is what is a feasible alternative?

It is on this very premise that Chetna recognized the significance of an organized farm

sector right from its inception. This had to be achieved by harmonizing a matrix of

interrelated variables that ranged from understanding and affecting farmers psyche to

acknowledging the presence of other stakeholders in the chain like ginners, spinners,

garment manufacturers and brands. At the outset, it was a major impediment to

convince resource poor farmers in converting to organic. Farmers were highly

skeptic about such interventions by outsiders because of which we decided to work

with local partners says a project staff indicating the decentralized mode of

operations at Chetna.

With active collaboration from local civil society organizations and government

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agencies, the project strategically identified individuals who had been practicing

organic farming to influence the skeptic and indecisive farmers. This approach of peer

group knowledge transfer worked out to be effective, as farmers got attracted to the

low input3 cost of organic cotton cultivation and a reasonable assurance of better

markets.

The pressure from debtors such as fertilizer and pesticide suppliers and dealers

adds uncontrollable tension in our lives and is a very traumatic experience! Organic

farming, in the first instance, reduces this tension significantly. We had heard about

organic farming but were not sure of the process and the results, but when we

realized that at least we would be free from the pressure of debtors who are at our

doorstep almost daily, we thought it is worth a try a cotton farmer from Vidarbha

confessed.

But the road ahead was not all too rosy. In the first year of operations, barely 236

farmers with hardly 588 acres of land under organic cotton cultivation stood under the

Chetna flag. These figures clearly indicate the cautious mindset of small farmers

regarding converting to organic despite the lure of better market and enhanced prices.

But the socio-technical extension given to farmers neither harbored on highlighting

the monetary gains nor was up-scaling of acreage to meet economies of scale an

important motive of the project.

3Low input agriculture meaning lesser borrowings from traders and moneylenders and consequently a

reduced debt burden.

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The project recognized the

importance of stable foundations

for a sustainable structure and

thus focused intensely on

enhancing the capacities of

partner NGO staff and grass root

level organizations. Farmers who

learned the basics of organic

agriculture at the Farmer Field

Schools (FFS) were also exposed

to the benefits of collective

community action. Consequently,

20 25 member farmers from

each

project

village

federated to form village level self-help groups. These groups were in turn federated

to form farmer cooperatives, which at the national level conglomerated to form the

national level farmers association and a producers company. The three-tier democratic

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structure of Chetna with member farmers from different regions on its Board is

intended to promote informed decision making at the farmers level thereby enabling

them to own the process rather than remain mute recipients in the supply chain.

We take pride in establishing COFA with the assistance of our staff and support

agencies. COFA as a platform not only helps us to voice concerns, share space in the

textile supply chain and understand its complexities, but also helps us to have better

negotiation position says Kusum Rao, the President of COFA Board, who himself is

a tribal organic farmer from Choupenguda, AP.

Beyond the initial steps: Mainstreaming the marginal

Advancing on the same lines, Chetna Organic has developed an integrated ethical

supply chain from farm to fabrics with dedicated and committed partners in each

processing stage till the products reach the shops shelf. In what could be deemed as

an innovative model of vertical collaboration, brands linked to Chetna are investing in

social developmental projects for the farming community benefits. A warehouse &

promotion of womens group nursery by Jackpot (Danish Fashion brand) & an Eco

center for optimal use of cow urine & manure for local production of bio-fertilizers &

pesticides supported by Coyuchi (US Brand) & Rajlakshmi Cotton Mills Ltd

(Garmenting Unit partner) are a couple of examples of such initiatives.

With an Organic/Conversion cotton acreage of over 17,000 to 20,000 acres and an

average yield of 4.5 quintals/acre of cotton, Chetna Organic is a unique model of

collective marketing which ensures a fair price for its farmers through value addition

to the primary produce and support in socio-technical extension services from the

sowing stages to post harvest management to comply to third party certification

standards.

Chetna Farmers not only get an added premium over the fair price due to the group

certification availed, they also benefit from better negotiations with the buyer(s) in a

buyer-seller meet facilitated by Chetna, saving on transport costs and warehousing

facilities. Although nascent, the fruits of these perseverant efforts reflect in the

business over the years as shown

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Organic Cotton Turnover till date:

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Turn Over ofCotton Sale (in

INR)

INR 2.0 Crores INR 3.7 Crores INR 4.5 Crores

Chetna has always endeavored to provide better and fair prices to the farmers for their

cotton produce. The following table and graph is a price comparison between the

market and prices as paid by Chetna to its farmers

Price Comparison: Market versus Chetna Price:

2006 2007 2008 2009

Market Price 1950 2058 2857 3071

Chetna Prices 2200 2500 3350 3350

10

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2006 2007 2008 2009

Market Prices Chetna Prices


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Its evident from the figures that Chetnas marketing intervention has helped farmers

in getting a fair return for their produce. To quantify, on an average, the incremental

advantage to farmers in selling cotton has been to the tune of 15-20%. Additionally,

selling cotton through Fair Trade system involves a premium of approximately

INR340 per quintal over the base price of cotton, which the farmer groups receive for

use in community benefit activities. Development of a nursery and a pre-primary

school through realizing such premiums are a couple of apt examples of realizingcommunity benefit through trade.

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Similarly, farmers benefit by sales of non-cotton crops, through inherent premiums

that accrue in form

of savings in

transport to local

markets, labor

charges, losses due

to non-standard

weighing machines

with traders etc

which translates to a

tune of 5-10%.

Marketing @Ethics

To illustrate the monetary benefit to a farmer better in the year 2009-10, Chetna

purchased cotton from its farmers in AP at a base cost of 3350 per quintal. This

purchase was done at the farm gate hence the company incurred an additional cost of

INR 150 per quintal for transport to the nearest Gin. Consequently the effective price

to farmer (at farm gate) was INR 3500 per quintal as against an average of INR

3050 per quintal that the farmer received from the conventional market. This

translates into a direct 14% premium over the conventional market for the Chetna

farmer.

Similarly, farmers from Adilabad (Andhra Pradesh) sold 140 quintals of red gram to

COAPCL at the rate of INR 3500 per quintal at their village point. Additionally the

company has agreed to share a portion of any gross profits made on the sale with the

Adilabad farmers co-operative thus ensuring a premium for them. A similar deal in

the conventional market would have happened at the market yard (and not village

point) an estimated INR 25 to 50 per quintal cost for transportation (depending on

distance) and without a profit sharing agreement.

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Transparency: Innovativeness of Chetna

Transparency across the value chain is a key USP of Chetna Organic and its partner

companies and hence a lot of emphasis is laid on ensuring traceability in movement of

cotton. The following step by step process followed by COAPCL explains how

transparency in movement of cotton is maintained:-

Step 1: Cotton comes from farmers house to village level godown.

Transparency is maintained by ensuring all cotton is transported in cotton bags

(of maximum 50 kgs weight) with a label on each bag mentioning farmer

name, unique farmer code, farmer village and cluster details, seed variety

used, staple length, organic status (IC41, IC2 or A grade) etc. This helps trace

cotton back to the farmer.

Step 2: Cotton when transported to the Gin is heaped in separate lots

differentiated as per organic status, seed variety and location (cluster from

which cotton is procured). This helps maintain separation and non-mixing of

cotton.

Step 3: Different heaps are taken separately for ginning and post ginning

cotton is stored in separate rooms to ensure differentiation. Similarly, such

ginned cotton is separately taken further for pressing and each bale is then

numbered with a unique press running number (PR Number).

In addition to the above, documentation such as (i) gin incoming registers, (ii) process

flow registers, (ii) bale records etc help trace a bale of cotton to the region it has come

from, its seed variety and also the organic status.

Similar transparency in cotton movement is maintained across all levels of Chetna

Supply Chain. In fact, Chetna and its supply chain partners subscribe to Made-Bystrack and trace program where each garment sold by a Made-By brand is traceable

to its source, primarily because of the measures for traceability taken by Chetna and

its supply chain partners.

Chetna maintains quality checks to avoid two types of contamination

(i) Contamination with non-organic produce and

4IC: Cotton under conversion from conventional to organic under certification norms

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(ii) Foreign fibre contamination.

To address the first issue, stringent standards have been maintained right at the farm

level. For instance non-allowance of part and parallel farming with non-organic

practices (since handling typically is done together and hence there is a high chance of

contamination when stored at homes), insistence on maintenance of adequate buffer

levels, planting of border crops, specific care taken during handling of produce, use of

systems to maintain traceability (as explained above) etc are some of the ways in

which we ensure that there is no contamination between organic and other cotton.

To address the issue of foreign fibre contamination, all farmers are trained annually

(before harvest) on clean picking practices, clean storage of seed cotton. Similarly

insistence on transport of cotton in cotton bags, proper heaping and separate ginning

of cotton etc ensure there is no contamination through foreign fibres.

Additionally, uniformity and quality in physical properties of cotton are addressed

through measures such as

i) Assistance in seed selection;

ii) Training on productivity improvement;

iii) Linkages with local government subsidies for bio fertilizers, composts etc;

iv) Conducting exposure visits for farmer education on best practices in cottonfarming to help ensure good quality of cotton that comes from Chetna

farms.

At the same time a dual quality checking process once at the village level by Chetna

staff and second time at the Gin coupled with farmer traceability through bags and

labels helps detect & eliminate low quality cotton and also identification of errant

farmers which accordingly leads to modification of procurement policy.

Developmental Impact: Beyond Trade

Apart from these tangible benefits to poor farming communities, Chetnas body of

work is of key importance in addressing issues of environmental concern, gender

equity, bio-diversity food security and seed sovereignty.

A little retrospection on traditional Indian agriculture would highlight the importance

of women in farming households as being the harbingers of seed conservation. With

the advent of mono-cropping culture however multinational seed companies have

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almost monopolized the seed sector in India, thereby fringing on women from playing

this pivotal role.

Organic system of farming is the backbone of Chetnas activities, borne out of an

inherent respect for environment and a strong realization of the enormous ecological

impact sustainable farming could have on nature. Some of the major benefits of this

model can be illustrated as under -

1. Benefits of Composting and Vermin Composting Practices:

a. Organic manures are the main sources of nutrients for soil microbes

thus keeping the soil alive;

b. Efficient utilization of farm wastes (recycling of nutrients) and natural

resources which otherwise would be just thrown off or burnt thus

destroying the valuable nutrients;

c. Water holding capacity of the soil improves thus enhancing the

drought tolerance efficiency of crops;

d. Fully decomposed organic manures are rich in antifungal and bacterial

antagonists thus helpful in pests and diseases management naturally

reducing the pressure to use any chemical pesticides;

2. Benefits of growing green manure plants such as Glyricidia, Pongamea,

Cassia Siamea etc

a. In addition to the obvious use of these bio-mass as manure for organic

farming, they help improve bio-diversity and plant cover in the region

b. They also harbor birds which while helping reduce pests on one hand

also help reducing need for chemical pesticides, and in improving

environmental balance in the area

c. Some of these plants also serve as source of firewood, thus reducing

dependency of farmers on forests for firewood, in the process aiding

curbing of deforestation.

3. Benefits of adopting practices such as Crop Rotation, Inter-Cropping, border

crops and Trap Crops

a. Improve soil fertility through maintenance of nitrogen balance in the

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soil

b. Aids pest management through harboring of natural enemy of pests -

like birds, spiders etc

In addition to above, Chetna has also been involved in allied programs which

complement the primary objective of improving livelihoods of disadvantaged farming

communities while not compromising on any hazards to natural ecosystems. Indo-

German Watershed Development Program (IGWDP) in collaboration with NABARD

in rain-fed regions of Adilabad (Andhra Pradesh) is one such effort towards better

management of water resources. In semblance to this Chetna is also a member of the

Western Orissa NREGS Consortium, where it provides its support for an optimal

utilization of existing government schemes.

Other significant impacts

Benefits of Institution Building Intervention: The biggest benefit for

farmers, till date, has been the coming together as SHGs and Co-operatives,

which has enabled collective action for Community benefit. So be it managing

the entire logistics of agriculture produce marketing (hitherto the preserve of

middlemen), or building of local level infrastructure for community use andfurtherance of their occupation (such as building sanitation facilities, schools

for their children, storage ware houses, pulses processing units, resource

centers for village women, local bio gas units etc) from the fair trade premium

they get out of cotton sales.

Benefits of Technical Extension: The production risk for farmers is mitigated

to a large extent due to the regular technical support and training provided to

Chetna farmers on a range of issues such as soil fertility management, use of

composts and bio-fertilizers, organic pest management, selection of seed, best

practices to contain damage due to natures vagaries etc. Practices which are

scientific but do not take toll on the environment and the farmers health.

Policy and Advocacy work: Chetna has also been an active campaigner in

policy and advocacy work for the benefit of farming community in general.

So work/participation by Chetna on issues such as seed availability

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(availability of preferred seeds for sowing), commodity marketing policies by

state governments, national level discussion on genetically modified crops,

certification standards and audit procedures for organic have contributed

towards making the farming environment more conducive for farmers.

Sustainability of the model

Although it remains uncontested that since its inception in 2004, Chetna has seen a

growth both in numbers and dissemination of its concept, but more imperatively, it

has been flexible enough to modify its modus operandi with lessons learnt from each

successive farming season. In fact this has been the key to its sustenance. In other

words, it has always had Plan-B to counter any probable failure of its primary Plan-

A. The following table illustrates how Chetna develops a fall-back wall for

mitigating any problems that might prove detrimental to its sustainability

S.no Risk Mitigation strategy

1 Cotton yields

may fall below

expectations

Cotton yields expectations have been kept conservative

with the intention of accounting for a possible yield

shortage due to unfavourable climate.

2 The Cottonpurchased may

not be able to sell

at a FT or higher

price

CHETNA, as a practice, always purchases cotton onlybased on prior written commitments from its buyers.

However, due to fluctuations in global economic

conditions, such a possibility cannot be entirely ruled out.

However, in such case the downside risk for CHETNA is

limited to a 15-20% loss, which is what the likely premium

is over conventional market rates for CHETNA Cotton.

3 Threat from BT

with the

continuousonslaught of BT

cotton, farmers

may transition to

using of BT

which could

jeopardise the

commercial

plans of

COAPCL

CHETNA has been taking measures to preserve farmers,

from migrating to Bt, being done through providing

alternate services such as facilitating of untreated seeds,facilitating yield increases, promoting backyard farming

and NREGA activities etc.

CHETNA also actively engages in Anti-GM campaigns

nationally & globally.

4 Default bybuyers when

Considering the risk potential of such a sale, CHETNAonly sells to trusted buyers or potential buyers it knows

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making

payments for

cotton

well directly or through its networks. Additionally, except

for the regular buyers (who have been associated with

Chetna for the last 5 years) CHETNA sells cotton to new

buyers only against an LC or a 50% advance.

5 CHETNA may

incur a loss in

marketing of

Non-Cotton

crops

Based on COAPCLs study of the pulses market for the

last two years and also participation in a small way, the

company now understands basic dynamics of the market

and hence is less likely to make a loss. However, losses

due to unforeseen circumstances such as government

regulations on grain storage, imports by NAFED etc cannot

be entirely ruled out

6 CHETNA may

face losses from

currency

fluctuations

At the moment, while CHETNA does pitch its marketing

efforts towards an international clientele the delivery of

goods and consequent invoices are raised on Indian supply

chain partners of global brands. As a result, payments are

all made in Indian Rupees, thus minimising risk of foreign

exchange fluctuations

Conclusion

In a nutshell, Purna & many more are not only a part of this aggregated marketing

arrangement, but also owners of a metamorphosis towards a more organized farming

sector, where grassroots farmer institutions have enhanced capacities to take

informed decisions and have a fair say in a value chain of cotton production.

Needless to mention that the journey from its inception till now has not been without

hurdles. While Chetna stumbled at some, it successfully crossed over others with

support from International Not-for-Profit Organizations like Solidaridad & ICCO

(Netherlands), Ford Foundation (India), national NGOs, relevant Government

agencies and all partners in the value chain. Its rather redundant to mention that a

process of social engineering needs time, and Chetna is a journey just begun; having

said that it needs to be added that with a passionate staff, committed partners and new

developmental agencies evincing interest in this process, the future looks promising

despite the inevitability of more hurdles in times to come. Conclusively, by a radical

vision of aggregating smallholder farmers and their produce, Chetna has ensured

that the primary producer decides

WHAT TO SELL?

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WHERE TO SELL?

FOR WHAT PRICE?

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