Cauliflower Physiological

DisordersToT to FFS Staff By Mr. Allah Dad

KhanProvincial

Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL

Symptoms

: Younger leaves show signs of browning at the tips (see photo). In cabbage, the browning can be seen only after the head is cut open.

Leaf tipburn (cauliflower)

Symptoms Boron deficiency in lo bok

Cole crops have a moderate to high boron requirement. Symptoms of boron deficiency vary with crop type. Most boron deficient cole crops develop cracked and corky stems, petioles and midribs. The stems of broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower can be hollow and are sometimes discolored. Cauliflower curds become brown and leaves may roll and curl, while cabbage heads may be small and yellow. Of all the cole crops, cauliflower is the most sensitive to boron deficiencies.

Cauliflower Boron Deficiency

Recommendation for boron Control

It is recommended in broccoli and kale to apply 1.5-3 pounds of boron (B) per acre in mixed fertilizer prior to planting. In Brussels sprouts, cabbage, collards and cauliflower, boron and molybdenum are recommended. Apply 1.5-3 pounds of boron (B) per acre and 0.2 pound molybdenum (Mo) applied as 0.5 pound sodium molybdate per acre with broadcast fertilizer.

Boron may also be applied as a foliar treatment to cole crops if soil applications were not made. The recommended rate is 0.2-0.3 lb/acre of actual boron (1.0 to 1.5 lbs of Solubor 20.5%) in sufficient water (30 or more gallons) for coverage. Apply foliar boron prior to heading of cole crops.

(broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, cole crops, micronutrient deficiency, physiological disorders)

Symptoms

Buttoning is most common when transplants are too old and past the juvenile growth stage when transplanted. Other stress factors such as low fertility, low moisture micronutrient deficiencies or disease and insects can also be causes. Strong healthy plants lacking heads can occur due to periods of extremely warm weather (days over 86F and nights over 77F).

Cauliflower and Broccoli Premature Heading and Lack of Heads

Bracts (leaves) in Cauliflower or Broccoli Heads

High temperatures or low soil moisture can result in the formation of bracts, small leaves, between segments in the heads of cauliflower and broccoli.

Symptoms

NitrogenDeficiency SymptomsPlants have a uniform yellowish color, with leaves closest to the roots the root system very large oldest leaves will show purpling on underside first and margins of leaves tips will then turn purple followed by whole leaf taking on this color growth is retarded and plants have a poor root system.

Correction MeasureFoliar spray of Urea 1% at fortnightly intervals

PhosphorusDeficiency SymptomsPink color pigmentation seen in old leaves; stunted plant growth

Correction MeasureFoliar spray of DAP 2% twice at fortnightly interval

PotassiumDeficiency SymptomsAppears first on oldest cabbage leaves as spots shiny green leaves turn dull green, leaf margins turn a yellowish green followed by withering mature heads are loose and smaller. In K-deficient cauliflower, leaf tips turn brown, leaves turn inward and can have a crinkled surface.

Correction MeasureFoliar spray of K2SO4 1% twice at weekly intervals.

CalciumDeficiency SymptomsSymptoms appear first in youngest plant parts. Tip burn with chlorotic young leaves. Severe cases breakdown of the heart and dieback of rootlets.

Correction MeasureSoil application of Gypsum 50 kg/ha.

MagnesiumDeficiency SymptomsOldest leaves are affected first interveinal chlorosis with green veins leaf margins stay green at first, but ultimately dry up on cauliflower small chlorotic leaflets. Poor rooting Magnesium deficiency should not be confused with virus infection. Virus infection would be spotty in a field.

Correction MeasureFoliar spray of MgSO4 2% twice at fortnightly interval.

SulphurDeficiency SymptomsYoungest leaves turned purplish, cupped upward leaf edges rolled in.

Correction MeasureSoil application of Gypsum 50 kg/ha.

BoronDeficiency SymptomsSymptoms occur first on the youngest parts. Youngest leaves turn chlorotic and their tips turn brown later on. Curd does not develop as a compact unit turns purplish – brown appears as it is wilting and leaves may curl downward. Trunk is hollow and when the top is cut off a brownish-colored cavity is found. In B deficient cabbage, cavity is extended into the head. The youngest leaves are chlorotic, leaf edges are scorched and blades turn downward develop poorly.

Correction MeasureSoil application of borax @ 20 kg/ha or Foliar spray of borax 0.5% twice at fortnightly interval.

CopperDeficiency SymptomsYoungest leaves become chlorotic. Growth is stunted and heads are poorly formed. The plant gives a wilted appearance.

Correction MeasureFoliar spray of CuSO4 0.3% twice at fortnightly interval.

ManganeseDeficiency SymptomsPoor growth interveinal chlorosis with dark green main veins of youngest leaves chlorosis extends into the leaf margins. In severe cases the whole leaf turns yellowish.

Correction MeasureFoliar spray of MnSO4 0.3% twice at fortnightly interval.

MolybdenumDeficiency SymptomsCupping of the leaves and interveinal chlorosis followed by twisting and narrow elongation of leaves. Poor curd development. New leaves become irregular.

Correction MeasureSoil application of 1.0 kg sodium molybdate /ha or Foliar spray of sodium molybdate 0.1% (Soil application of 120kg N, 75 kg P and Mo 1.5kg/ha, 1 kg B/ha)

ZincDeficiency SymptomsYoung leaves become small; curd color will be affected

Correction MeasureFoliar spray of ZnSO4 @0.5%

SymptomsGrowth dwarfed; leaves lustreless dark green, laminae and petioles dull purple tints; older leaves marginal scorch and wither early.

Older leaves are pale bluish green with purple discoloration. Especially the underside of leaves turns red

Phosphorus deficiency

Symptoms

Causes buttoning of premature head formation (also caused by lack of water, poor drainage and cold shock to transplants), pale green leaf color and poor growth.

Nitrogen Deficiency

Symptoms Older leaves deep purple tints changing to red.

Older leaves are pale bluish green with purple discoloration. Especially the underside of leaves turns red.

Phosphorus deficiency

Symptoms Plant has remained stunted; leaves bluish green with dull purple tints

Older leaves are pale bluish green with purple discoloration. Especially the underside of leaves turns red.

Brussels Sprout/cabbage/ Plant Phosphorus deficiency

SymptomsGrowth dwarfed, erect and stem thin; leaves pale green and older leaves bright orange, red and purple tints.

Causes buttoning of premature head formation (also caused by lack of water, poor drainage and cold shock to transplants), pale green leaf color and poor growth.

Cauliflower Plant Nitrogen dificiency

Symptoms Hooking of young leaves and severe collapse of tissues

Necrotic leaf margins and "clawlike" deformations at the youngest leaves. The curd dies off.

Cauliflower Plant Calcium deficiency

Symptoms

Calcium deficiency shows as collapse of mesophyll tissues and manganese toxicity as incurling of leaf margins followed by marginal spotting and scorching.

Cauliflower Plant Calcium deficiency and manganese toxicity (soil scidity complex

Symptoms

Older leaves chlorotic marbling followed by strong orange, red and purple tinting.

Cauliflower Plant Magnesium deficiency

Symptoms

Plants in seed bed. Older leaves strong yellow, red and purple tints as "marbled" pattern

Young Cauliflower Plants Magnesium deficiency

Symptoms

General field view at cutting time. Older leaves strong chlorotic marbling and tinting.

Cauliflower Plants Magnesium deficiency

Symptoms

Magnesium deficiency shows as chlorotic marbling of older leaves and manganese toxicity as incurling and necrosis of margins of younger leaves.

Cauliflower Plant Magnesium deficiency and Manganese toxicity (soil acidity complex

Molybdenum Deficiency

Symptoms

Leaves bluish green and slight intervenal chlorosis near margins; backward curling of laminae, and scorching and forward curling of margins

Cauliflower Plant Potassium deficiency

Symptoms

General field view at cutting time; curling and severe marginal and intervenal scorching of leaves.

Cauliflower Plants Potassium deficiency

Symptoms

Laminae of leaves restricted and may fail to develop, leaving only bare midribs. Growing point dies.

Cauliflower Plant Molybdenum deficiency

Symptoms

Cauliflower Plant Manganese toxicity (soil acidity complex)

Restricted lateral growth of leaf laminae and incurling and brown spotting of margins molybdenum deficiency).

Cauliflower Plant Manganese toxicity (soil acidity complex)

Symptoms

Corky condition of epidermis.

Cauliflower Stem and Petioles Boron Deficiency