Date post: | 17-Feb-2017 |
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SUBMITTED TO :-PROF. SARITA,
M.D.USUBMITTED BY :-GUNJAN VERMA
AN ASSIGNMENT ON CAUSES OF ORTHOPEDIC
IMPAIRMENT .
Introduction:- Physical impairment means certain type of
dysfunction and disturbance in the body resulting into its malfunctioning .
Under federal law an orthopedic impairment means a severe bodily impairment that adversely affects a child’s education & performance . An orthopedic impairment involves the skeletal system , bones , joints and limitation of associated muscles .
Meaning :- Also known as Physical Disability . It is a
significant physical limitation that impairs the ability to move or to complete motor activities .
All orthopedic impairment fall in the definition or category of physical impairment , the reverse is not true .
Orthopedic children suffer from impairments of their muscles , skeletal or nervous system that may interfere with their natural functioning .
Definition:- Tver & Tver(1991), “ An orthopaedic
impairment is an impairment that interfers with the normal functioning of bones , muscles or joints”.
Samuel & Romaine stated- “ The child may be considered handicapped, if his physical condition prevents full participation in childhood activities of a social, recreational , educational and vocational nature”.
Characteristics :-Average or
above average intelligence .
Have shorter attention span .
Dependent on adults .
High anxiety , frustration .
Inaccurate coordination of
limbs .
Deformity .
Paralysis .Jerky movements .
Difficulty in walking , grasping
Causes :-
Hereditary factors .
Congenital factors .
Environmental factors .
Hereditary factors:-
Dislocation of hip . Clubfoot.
Marfan syndrome .
Achondroplasia.
Osteogenesis imperfecta . Spinabifida .
Cleft palate . Cleft lip .
Cerebral palsy.
Development of poor muscle & curvature of spine .
MARFAN SYNDROME :-
A deformed foot which is twisted so that sole can not be placed on ground .
CLUBFOOT :-
Osteogenesis imperfecta:- Children have brittle bone and are prone
to fracture . Also known as ‘ Lobestien Syndrome’.
Spinabifida:-
Also known as ‘ Split Spine’ . It occurs when mother lacks folate or folic acid during pregnancy .
Cerebral palsy :-Cerebral:- the presence of a causative lesion or damage to the brain .Palsy:-consequences of such lesion in terms of loss or impairment in motor functioning .
Causes of lack of amniotic fluid in the womb of the mother , breech presentation (at delivery baby born with its hips) & family history of the condition .
Dislocation of hip :-
Caused by gene mutation .Shown to be associated with advanced paternal age .Gene mutation affect bone formation .
Achondroplasia:
Congenital defects :- This condition occurs at birth or before birth
or develops during 1st month of life , regardless of causation .
A congenital disorder may be the result of genetic abnormalities , the intrauterine environment , errors of morphogenesis , Infection or a chromosomal abnormality .
Congenital defects may cause missing bones , webbed fingers , cleft lips etc .
Infections.Lack of child
immunization .
Various diseases.
Doses of drugs .
Rubella .German measles .
Microcephalia .
Hydrocephalia.
Cataract
Polio :-Also called infantile paralysis , is an acute , infectious disease spread from person to person . Virus enters the central nervous system & cause motor problem .
Environmental factors :-
Are those which affects an individual externally or are not related to genetic
level .
Pre – natal environmental factors
.
Para-natal environmental
factors.Post-natal environmental factors
.
1)Pre-natal environmental factors:- Oxygen deprivation . Rh-incompatibility . Intoxication. Toxemia. Viral infection for the expectant mother . Brain damage , brain fever . Malnourished mother . Drug addiction of mother . exposure to radioactive rays. Smoking & tobacco products .
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome :-FAS or foetal alcohol syndrome is a pattern of physical & mental defects that can form in a Fetus because of high level of consumption of alcohol during pregnancy .
During pregnancy can have serious implications for the child resulting into severe orthopedic impairment .
STD’s & AIDS :-
2) Post –natal environmental factors :- Caesarian cases . Infection with chronic disease . Unhygienic conditions . Oxygen deprivation . Improper use of forceps or Anesthesia . Accidental & incidental factors . TB of joints , Sinus , certain fever after birth
. Prolonged labor .
3) Para – natal environmental factors :- Poverty & socio-economic conditions. Child abuse . Accidental & incidental factors . Lead poisoning . Polio, burns & injuries . Malnutrition . Vein blocking . Spinal injury . Lack of vitamin D or calcium . Intoxication . Inhalation of heavy metals . Hypoxia .
Spinal cord injury occurs when a traumatic event results in damage of spinal cord or severs the nerves that rely signals up & down the spinal cord.
Accidental & incidental factors :-
CHILD ABUSE :- Beaten , burned,
sexually molested ,neglected by parents
These can result in :- Facial disfigurement . Skeletal deformity . Muscular damage. Disabilities . sensory impairment . Neurological damage.
POVERTY & LOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS:-
Child marriage :- child mothers can deliver pre-mature babies .
Illiteracy . Unhealthy living :- are damaging to
the normal growth & development which results in physical deformities .
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS :-MS is a disease in which our immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers the nerves .
Effect of infection & diseases :-
Greek word Arthro- Joints , Inflammation- Arthritides .Is a joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints
ARTHRITIS :-
Conclusion :- Orthopedic impaired children are those
who suffers from defects, deformities & disturbances related to muscles, joints & skeletal system . These impairment can occur because of various causes . But it is possible to treat these impairments but they can’t be cured . Caution is must if we want to avoid these impairments .