Date post: | 25-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | christine-king |
View: | 217 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Causes of World War I
“The war to end all wars”
1
MANIA
• Militarism• Alliances• Nationalism• Imperialism• Anarchy
2
Militarism
• To build up your army and navy and air force
• The aggressive preparation for war (battle plans)
3
Militarism
• European armies double in size - conscription
• The German “Schlieffen Plan” called for war with Russia & France via neutral Belgium
• When Russia mobilized, it moved against Germany and Austria-Hungary
• To build up your army and navy and air force
• The aggressive preparation for war (battle plans)
4
Comparative figures on army increase, 1870-1914:
1870 1914
Russia 700,000 1,300,000
France 380,000 846,000
Germany 403,000 812,000
Austria-Hungary 247,000 424,000
Britain 302,000 381,000
Italy 334,000 305,000
Japan 70,000 250,000
U.S.A. 37,000 98,000
5
Schlieffen Plan
6
MANIA
• Militarism• Alliances• Nationalism• Imperialism• Anarchy
8
Alliances
• Nations sought to protect themselves in time of war by forming defensive agreements
• Most were secretly negotiated
9
Alliances• Nations sought to protect
themselves in time of war by forming defensive agreements
• Most were secretly negotiated
• Triple Alliance (1882) – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy – “Central Powers”
• Triple Entente (1907) – France, Great Britain, Russia – “Allied Powers”
• Germany promises full-support to Austria-Hungary when it issues its ultimatum to Serbia after the archduke’s assassination
10
1879The Dual Alliance
Germany and Austria-
Hungary made an alliance to protect
themselves from Russia
1881Austro-Serbian
Alliance
Austria-Hungary made an alliance with Serbia to
stop Russia gaining control of Serbia
1882The Triple Alliance
Germany and Austria-
Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop
Italy from taking sides with Russia
1914Triple Entente (no separate peace)
Britain, Russia and France agreed not to
sign for peace separately.
1894Franco-Russian
Alliance
Russia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against Germany and Austria-
Hungary
1907Triple Entente
This was made between
Russia, France and Britain to counter the increasing threat from
Germany.
1907Anglo-Russian Entente
This was an agreement
between Britain and Russia
1904Entente Cordiale
This was an agreement, but not a formal alliance,
between France and Britain.
11
Alliance SystemAlliance System
12
AlliesBritain ( and its Empire )
FranceRussia
BelgiumItaly
USA( JOINED IN 1917)Serbia, Portugal
Japanand other minor participants
Central PowersGermany
Austria HungaryOttoman-Turkey
Bulgaria
13
MANIA
• Militarism• Alliances• Nationalism• Imperialism• Anarchy
14
Nationalism
• Pride in your country or group
• The desire to end foreign rule
• Reinforced by ethnocentricism (White Man Burden) and Social Darwinism
15
Nationalism
• Pride in your country or group
• The desire to end foreign rule
• Reinforced by ethnocentricism (White Man Burden) and Social Darwinism
• Serbia sought to create a Slavic state in the Balkans- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - Russia supports Serbia
• Minorities in colonies and empires wanted independence
16
Political Tensions• There is no single explanation for the apparent
willingness of the nations of Europe to go to war in 1914. The political tensions that preceded the war, however is often said to be caused by the following factors;
• Colonial rivalry• Economic rivalry• The arms race• France and Germany hostilities (dates back to 1870
Franco-Prussian war)• European military alliances
17
Archduke Franz Ferdinand's Assassination, 28 June 1914Updated - Sunday, 3 November, 2002The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, on 28 June 1914, set in train a series of diplomatic events that led inexorably to the outbreak of war in Europe at the end of July 1914.Ferdinand - and his wife Sophie - were killed by Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip while on a formal visit to Sarajevo. Princip shot Ferdinand at point blank range while the latter was travelling in his car from a town hall reception, having earlier that day already survived one assassination attempt
Critical Flashpoint
18
MANIA
• Militarism• Alliances• Nationalism• Imperialism• Anarchy
19
Imperialsim
• To take control of other countries politically, economically, and socially
20
Imperialsim• To take control of other
countries politically, economically, and socially
• European Scramble for Africa• Spheres of influence in China• Great Britain in India• Japan in Asia• To be great nations• To maintain the balance
of power in Europe• Raw materials, markets, labor
cash crops• Paternalism• To spread Christianity
21
A Slice of the African Cake
22
23
MANIA
• Militarism• Alliances• Nationalism• Imperialism• Anarchy
24
Anarchy
• The inability to settle disputes
25
Anarchy
• The inability to settle disputes
• Competition for colonies
• Crisis in the Balkans• Socialist dissent
strikes and violence• Austria-Hungary’s
ultimatum to Serbia• Austria-Hungary
declares war on Serbia (7/28/1914)
26
Countdown to World War
• June 1914 Franz Duke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne assassinated
• 28th July Austria Hungary declare war on Serbia. France and Russia back Serbia
• 30th July Britain and Russia mobilize forces• 1st August Germany declares war on Russia• 2nd August Germany invades Belgium, declares
war on France• 4th August Britain declares war on Germany
27
MANIA
• Militarism• Alliances• Nationalism• Imperialism• Anarchy
28