136 The Earth System
Lesson 2
Predict three facts that will be discussed in Lesson 2 after reading the headings. Write your facts in your Science Journal.
The GeosphereC
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ompanies, Inc.
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Order the layers of Earth material.
Surface
Core
Characterize minerals.
Minerals
Describe properties used to identify minerals.
Property Description
Luster
Streak
Cleavage
Fracture
Materials inthe Geosphere
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The Earth System 137
Lesson 2 | The Geosphere (continued)
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ht ©
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/McG
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-Hill
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nies
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.
Explain why calcite is more likely to interact with other minerals than is quartz.
Compare and contrast rocks and minerals.
naturally occurringsolids
BothMineral Rock
Distinguish 3 main types of rocks.
Type Description
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Infer why it is important to protect soil.
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138 The Earth System
Lesson 2 | The Geosphere (continued)
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Glencoe/M
cGraw
-Hill, a division of T
he McG
raw-H
ill Com
panies, Inc.
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Assess how interactions among all Earth systems occur in soil.
Differentiate layers of so il.
A-horizon B-horizon C-horizonD
esc
rip
tio
n
Describe the str ucture of the geosphere below Earth’s crust.
Layer Description Density
Upper mantle
Lower mantle
Outercore
Innercore
Relate the density of material in Earth’s layers to the structure of the geosphere.
pulled
through
toward
.
Structure of the Geosphere
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The Earth System 139
Lesson 2 | The Geosphere (continued)
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yrig
ht ©
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ncoe
/McG
raw
-Hill
, a d
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ion
of T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
, Inc
.
Connect It Describe the main difference between the core and the other layers of the geosphere. Then describe a characteristic of soil that distinguishes it from other materials in the geosphere.
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Characterize Earth’s crust.
Definition:
Earth’s
Crust
Most common elements:•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Two types: •
•
Define Earth’s mantle.
Contrast the lithosphere and the asthenosphere.
Lithosphere Asthenosphere
Identify differences in the layers of Earth’s core.
Layer Outer Core Inner Core
State (circle andexplain)
solid or liquidWhy?
solid or liquidWhy?
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140 The Earth System
Review The Earth SystemC
opyright © G
lencoe/McG
raw-H
ill, a division of The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies, Inc.
Chapter Wrap-UpNow that you have read the chapter, think about what you have learned. Complete the final column in the chart on the first page of the chapter.
Use this checklist to help you study.
Complete your Foldables® Chapter Project.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Reread the chapter, and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Understanding Key Concepts at the end of each lesson.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
Summarize It Reread the chapter Big Idea and the lesson Key Concepts. Summarize how Earth’s systems drive changes on and beneath Earth’s surface.
Challenge Make a three-dimensional model cross-section of Earth. Include not only the layers of the geosphere, but also represent the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. Share your model with your class.
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