13
cD n1 r I :
cD
n1
r I:
ç rioirai*7te .iiterface ween Energy, En i-ou-nent and‘etition Rule.; f the Euopa.’i Jiio
!). C’r
Jhe EU Third Energy Package, which included a Directive and a Regulationimitg at completion of the single electricity market, is currently attractingcet deal of attention, not least because of the establishment of ACER, the
first EU energy regulatory agency. For different reasons, the new Renewablenegy Directive, which is largely aimed at promoting the use of one parLular set of sources of electricity (RES-E), is also attracting attention. Boththe LlLernai energy market legislation and the RES-E legislation strive toorbine energy policy aspirations with legally binding obligations upon EU
Member States. Although each of these initiatives was originally conceived:t bin one DG of the European Commission, they have been shaped by dif•trerit people, at different times. Their implementation moves in parallel, yet
with few signs of coordination.In the background, there is a continuing tension between the competi
ion law and sector-specific energy legislation, evident at EU and nationalL,els and in their interaction. There is also a new Energy Chapter in theft ea ty on the Functioning of the EU, which underscores the importance thattergy policy now has in the EU and in its agenda-setting. For the nationaland EtU courts, all of the above will raise new issues in the near future. Thisquestionnaire is designed to permit rapporteurs a broad scope to address thetuove issues, drawing upon their knowledge of national contexts and theirwider effects, and particularly how these tensions are being addressed (to theertent that they are being recognised at all so far).
A. g&ation and Cornpetitfon PoUcy
1. Will the limited powers of ACER and the responsibilities placedupon ENTSO-E and ENTSO-G require greater cooperation between
I gina1 version.
2Q
uestio
nn
areQ
uestio
nn
aire
nationalregulatory
authorities(N
RA
s)inter
seand
with
theE
Uto
openup
theE
uropeanpow
erand
gassectors
togreater
cross-bordercom
petition,atleast
atthe
wholesale
supplylevel?
2.O
rw
illincreased
competition
turn
outto
bem
ainlya
taskfor
thecom
petitionauthorities
toensure
progressin
dismantling
pred
om
inantly
nationalm
arkets,for
example
bystopping
discriminatory
congestionm
anagementpractices
oftransmission
systemoperators,
asin
theSvenska
Kraftndtcase?
3.In
thiscontext,
what
isthe
positionof
yourM
ember
Statew
ith-espect
toenforcem
entof
Com
petitionL
aw(E
Uand
national)in
theenergy
sector,w
hetherby
sector-specificN
RA
s,by
NC
As
ora
combination
ofthetw
o?4.
With
respectto
NR
Aroles,
powers
andduties,
arethere
anypecu
liaritiesor
difficultiesin
theposition
ofyourM
ember
State(for
example,
limiting
orprom
otingcooperation
with
otherM
ember
States’N
RA
sor
with
respectto
theE
UN
etwork
ofC
ompetition
Authorities)?
5.C
onsideringthat
exemptions
fromthe
regulatoryregim
esfor
gasand
electricityare
permitted,
what
safeguardsare
inplace
atthe
Mem
berState
levelfor
protecting‘process’
rightssuch
asthe
rightto
beheard
andaccess
tojustice,
andw
hichnational
bodiesare
responsiblein
ensuringthat
theserights
arerespected?
6.A
rethe
latestproposals
(CO
M(2010)
726)on
market
abusein
theenergy
sectorlikely
topresent
challengesfor
theN
RA
sw
hetherin
theirsole
capacityor
asa
hybridw
ithnational
financialregulatory
bodiesat
Mem
berState
and/orE
Ulevel?
B.
Pre
m’tic
nd
S&
dy
ofRenew
ableE
neigy
7.A
reD
irective2009/28/E
Cand
thepurely
nationalsubsidy
schemes
andnational
RS
consumption
targetsitperpetuates
fullycom
patiblew
ithprinciples
nd
rightsestablished
inthe
Treaty,
asinterpreted
bythe
Court?
Porexam
ple,does
thepreclusion
oftheexchange
ofinstrum
entsevidencing
renewable
power
outputbetw
eensuppliers
andgenerators
indifferent
Mem
berStates,
asa
means
ofproving
coru!)Liauce
with
mirin
um
renewable
electricityconsum
ptionouetns
orea
in1!gfeed-in
tariffs,interfere
with
internaltrade
anddistort
campetition
inthe
electricitym
arket?
8.M
orespecifically, w
ouldthe
Court’s
decisionin
thecase
ofPreussen
elektrastillbe
validin
2012, givenboth
thesubstantial expansion
ofw
indand
solarpow
ergeneration
output,and
them
aturingof
theE
Uliberalised
markets
inpow
erand
gas,in
them
eantime?
9.A
rethere
notablefeatures
ofyourM
ember
State’sim
plementation
ofthe
RE
S2009
Directive
thatpresent
challengesand
difficultiesw
ithrespect
tocross-border
cooperation,if they
areprovided
forat
all(joint
projects,for
example,
whether
between
governments
andtheir
authoritiesor
between
privateparties,
andstatistical
transfersunder
theD
irective)?
C.
Clim
ateC
hange
10.To
what
extenthas
thechoice
ofthe
emissions
tradingschem
e(the
EU
ET
S)to
deliverclim
atechange
targetshad
thefinal
word
vis-à
visalternative
methods
suchas
carbonand
energytaxation?
11.H
avedifferences
inview
pointson
theabove
beenreflected
inlegal
measures
inyour
Mem
berState
andhow
havethey
beenresolved?
D.
Security
12.T
ow
hatextent
hasyour
Mem
berState
implem
entedE
Ulegislative
measures
onenergy
securityin
ways
thatseek
toensure
thefu
nc
tioningofthe
internalm
arketbut
which
alsoprom
otem
easuresof
solidarityw
ithother
Mem
berStates?
13.H
asthis
hadany
significantim
pactupon
thedistribution
ofdom
estic
institutionalresponsibilities
forsuch
matters
(bothw
ithinthe
government and
publicsector
andas
between
publicand
private)?
E.
The
Treaty
14.H
owis
yourM
ember
Stateactually
orlikely
tobe
affectedby
Articie
194of
theT
reatyon
theF
unctioningof
theE
uropeanU
nion(the
Energy
Chapter)
which
offersopportunities
butalso
imposes
con
straintsw
ithrespect
tothe
choiceof
energysources
andnatu
ralresources, and
energyand
environmental legal
bases?
E:ugariar’d A gel c-a/
A. e:nI aacy
Quosdons 1 and 2
We would ike to address question I a:d 2 together for consistency Dur-‘ses,
ecrridtyIn ne with Directive 2003154/EC and under the Bulgarian Energy Act, the‘ecricity market in the Bulgaria has been fully liberalized since L07.2007.
The share of opening of the electricity market for 2010 is 27.1% (35% for)C9) with sales on the free market to the amount of 11.28 TWh — in thetionat market and in the region.’ The electricity market in Bulgaria is
:haracterized as national and at the same time, relatively well-integratedwrih the neighbouring countries. According to the NRA2, the transmisson network of the country has no problems related to congestions in theeetricity system. However, certain short periods of congestion occur onthe interconnections with certain neighbouring countries of the Republic ofBlgara, mainly during peak loads in the winter period.
The NRA has been fairly active in order to achieve progress in abidingby the Third Package by means of cooperation with NRAs from neighbouring countries. Although the new Energy Act which intends to fullyiniplement the Third Package is still in not adopted by the Parliament, theNRA has accomplished some results with regards to cross border issueswhich are described below.
ihe activities and organization of the market in the country and withthe iigbbouring countries are regulated by the “Electricity Trading Rules”
‘isto Kirilov, LL.M. (Madrid and Paris).Acgel Pachev, Legal Assistant at the Court of Iustice of the European Union.
bue to the personal preferences of the authors, some answers will appear inng1ish while others in French. The replies were drafted as follows — Hristo Kirilov:cuestioris 1, 2 3,4, 5,6, 12, 13, 14; Angel Pachev: questions 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12.201 1 National Report - State Energy and Water Regulatory Commission, Bulgaria.the NRA is the State Energy and Water Pegulatory Commission (SEW1.C).
Bulgaria
71and
“Auction
Rules
forthe
Allocation
ofCapacities
onthe
Interconnectionsbetw
eenthe
ConfrolA
reaofE
lectricitySystem
Operator
BA
D—
“ESO”
BA
D(T
SQ
)3,
andits
Neighbouring
Control
Areas”.
These
Rules
areapprover
bythe
NR
A.
iP2010
Bulgarian
systemoperator
—E
SOand
theR
ornaniansystem
oiwrator
-C
NT
RA
NSE
LE
CT
RIC
ASA
developedand
adoptednew
“Auc
tionrules
forthe
Allocation
ofCapacities
onthe
Interconnectionsbetw
eenth
’C
ontrolA
reaof
hlcciricityS
ystem
”4.
These
complem
entthe
agreedC
omm
onR
ulesw
itha
procedurefor
theallocation
ofintraday
transrn
ission
capacitiesusing
anA
uctionO
ffice.In
2010S
EW
RC
5likew
iseagreed
“Com
mon
Auction
Rules
forA
llocationofT
ransmission
Capacities
onthe
Interconnectionsbetw
eenthe
Control
Areas
ofE
lectricitySystem
Opera
br
BA
Dand
J-ITS
O6
for2011
forthe
interconnectionbetw
eenB
ulgariaand
Greece.
Sim
ilarR
ulesare
inprocess
ofconciliation
with
theR
euh
licof
Macedonia.
The
proceduresin
thenew
agreedC
omm
onA
uctionR
nis
batweer’
theB
ulgarianand
Rom
aniansystem
operators,respectivelt’
Foiku’ing
isa
shortdescription
ofthe
structu
rethe
groupof
companies
tow
hichE
SO
beloiws.
The
E’ilga
clanE
nergyH
olding(B
EH
EA
D)
isa
100%state
owned
company
founc!edin
Septem
ber2008.
The
ow
nersh
iprig
hts
areexercised
by1’e
Mi&
sta
rof
corio
my,
linergyant
Tourism
.B
EH
EA
Dincludes
largeenergy
companies
suchas
National
Electric
Com
panyE
AD
(NE
K)
operatingas
publicprovider
ofe1ectricty
power,
Bulgartransgaz
EA
D(functioning
asa
combined
oaeratcrin
acrivitic
suchas
storage,transfer,
andtransm
issionof
naturalgas
aac1
3ulg
rgaz
7itD
,cperating
aspublic
providerof
natu
ralgas.
The
functionsof
!eeiec-icity
svstenloperator,
balan
cing
mark
etad
min
istrator,
andoperation
andm
ain
tenarc
ofhe
gridare
performed
byE
SOE
AD
(“ESO
”)w
hichis
100%ov’ned
byN
K.
Itis
envisagedthat
ESO
istransferred
toB
EH
inother
tocom
pletetbc
estructu
riug
undertakenby
thegovernm
ent.T
hedistribution,
operationof
edinuibution
netw
ok
andpublic
supplyis
carriedoutby
companies,
controlledrestc-tively
b1rE
VN
,C
EZ
aridE
.ON
.In
com
pian
cew
iththe
Law
theexisting
dist—’b’n:on
companies
havebeen
restructured,so
theactivi:y
ofpublic
supplyiç
1h
:enaratcdinto
newentities,controlled
bythe
same
companies.
icA
urtio
rules
havebeen
agreedw
iththe
State
Energy
andW
ate
ran
dR
cgiknnrvC
o’—”nission
(SE
WR
C)
ofthe
Republic
ofB
algariaw
ithD
ecisionof
Protocol1 i
f2395
20’0.lien
:,
asan
integ
ralpart
of theprotocol
agreedw
ithD
ecisionM
°‘21/0122.2009
ofthe
reg’iiaor,2.1
“ucta
on
Rules
forallocation
oftransininion
ai,c
ies
o,i
inerconnectionin
theco
ntro
lareas
“ESO”
LAD
andCN
TR
Ab.S
E1,’”2
j\
SA(“E
AN
0EL
EC
TP
JCA
2010“(G
eneralAuction
Rules).
l)ecisurnotProtocolT
o10
ol‘9
Nov
2010,item9, SE
WR
C.
“HelIn
icT,
ifl’fliS5l,O
Sy:eemO
perator”SA
.
“wen
heB
ulgarianand
Greek
systemoperators
comply
with
therequire-
41m
eritsof llegulation
(BC
)N
o714/2009.
Or
18S
entember
2010the
Ttrk
ishuow
ersste
mw
ass’n
chro
niz
ed
with
the
uterconnectedpow
ersystem
sof
Contin’rntal
Europe,
marking
thestart
ofthe
paralleltrial
interconnectionas
agreedbcw
eenthe
Turk
ishsyateu
operatorand
BN
TS
O-E
TSO
sH
TS
OE
SO-E
AD
,A
mw
ienand
r’bH(fotm
erT
ranspc4’er).7
This
trialparallel
operatio
npeio
dis
u’n
:zed
‘athree
phascs,the
firsttw
oof
which
havebeen
successfullyacF’e’w
d.Cm
3M
ay2011,
EN
TSO
-Bapprored
snovingto
tkcthird
phaseof
thetria1
synchronousoperatio’l
ofthe
Turkish
poe”eriysten’
with
Conti
nentalEurope,
startingon
1J.m
e.During
thefinal
phaseof the
trial,hm
itedc
nuntercialelectricity
exchangesate
foreseen.8
The
proceduresrhouh3
bem
utuallyagreed
bet’eeu
Fu1gnria,G
reeceand
Turkey. and
uline
with
EU
rulesarid
EN
T3O
-Epro
cedures
Thecross-border
transfercapacity
onthe
mentioned
interconnectionsis
allocatedby
theA
uctionO
peratorin
thefs—
mof ceturnercin!
transferrights.
TheA
ictionO
peratorcalculates
andallocates
thetransfe”
capacitiesaccord
jog0
thenorm
sand
rulesof E
NT
SO-E
.For
theallocation
of thecapacities
onthe
Bnlarian
interconnectionsfor
theregion
ofS
outhE
astE
urope,a
montuly
a1ocatsonm
odel isprepared.
Every
month, the
nettransfer
capacis
(NT
C’
arecalculated,
includingfor
certainperiods
within
tkC
month
Ihesecapacitres
areharm
onzed
b!!aterallyw
iththe
neig
hbourin
gsystem
op’rrtO
”Son
thebasis
of bilateral contrectr.For
theharm
onizedN
TC
, pub
licauctID
r,are
announcedfo
transfercapacities.
Itisobligation
ofBOO
toprep
are,keep
andpublish
enits
webste
generaland
suecializedin
form
ation
raits
activitiescii
thebalancing
energym
arket andon
thetransactions
ctfreely
negotiatedprices.
According
toN
Rat
thisstage
thisensures
sufliccntiransparency
andnon-discrim
inationof
allparticipants
inthe
macu
or
transfer
capacities.A
trr:rer’t,
thereis
rioelectricity
exchangeorga;iized
Inthe
country
.9
Thetrade
exchanges-including
atday-ahead
oiTe”s,are
carriedout
under
The’aralel aneratior.is
whiu’edby
t’-’n400kV
linesto
theE
uigarirnsys’ex
andby
ot’e420kV
‘ireto
theG
reeksystem
.htttas:
/i rw
w.entsoe.au/tnedia/fleS
/fleWS
SiflO
le”’7Ticlejtric!_oarall&
-operatioll
Aschedule
isprepared
forthe
implem
entationof
iheeav
han
e.N
EK
,T
OO
andthe
distr$citocsare
inp”oces5
ofinstalling
ofan
in/brinationtachnologics
systemfor
‘ni-.c’uly
basisexchange.
The
‘dirin
ist’etion
ofthe
excna’:gew
illbe“‘Phi:: the
-.-snsib
ilitiesof
ESOw
how
illbe
granteda
speciallicense
forthe
purposes.It
is
72B
uig
aa
Bulg
aria
theabove
mentioned
Com
mon
Auction
Rules
between
thesystem
operators
of Bulgaria
andR
omania
andG
reece,and
underthe
newE
lectricityT
rade
Rules.
The
openelectricity
market
in2010
includesthe
biggerpart
ofthe
bsisnessconsunaers.
cor”ectedto
highvoltage
network
(HV
)and
apart
of
thesnidclle
vo
ltgc
(MT
)consum
ers.W
indingup,
cooperationbetw
eenN
RA
sis
afundam
entalinstrum
ent
toarhievo
thegoals
ofthe
Third
Energy
Package.O
nthe
basisofthe
early
stageof
implem
entationof
thcapplicable
rules(for
example
thecodes
pro
ducedin
cooperationw
ithinE
NT
SO
-E)
itis
possibleto
foreseethat
the
initialresp
orsib
ihty
fordism
antlingnational
markets
would
beplaced
onthe
TR
J,rather
thanon
competition
authorities.W
hilethis
processis
no
finishedit
world
becom
plicatedto
effectuatecontrol
bycom
petition
authorities(as
xo@
stcontrol).
Itthis
senseit
isim
portantthat
realrules
andpossibilities
forcross
bordercom
petitionare
putin
place. Com
petition
auh
ori
iesneed
tohave
aclear
pictureofthe
sectorfram
ework
inorder
to
dcid
oto
rhohscn’iicn
ofthe
actorsand
theirbeha”iour
within
thissec
mr
Ofecurse,
if peesentadw
itha
casew
hichis
likelyto
distortcom
petition
affecttrade
between
mem
berstates
competition
authorities(N
CA
and
FTJC
o-’n
iscion)
sho&d
takeaction.
Therefore
itseem
sthat
thedism
aa
thn
of nationalm
arketsw
ouldbe
at theoutset a
jointtask
—predom
inantly
forthe
NR
Abut
alsofor
theE
UC
omm
issionand
perhapsN
CA
.In
other
words,
rltLau
gthe
hurclcnfor
theoreparalion
andcoordination
ofthe
rulesis
placedon
theSystem
Operators
andE
NT
SO
-E,
thecooperation
betsveenthe
UP
A’shtc
seand
AC
ER
isof utm
ostim
portancefor
atim
ef”
a-do’v
vate
setiog
oftheriles
envisagedby
theT
hrrdPackage.
Om
ission
inthis
oocecr
isbkely
to‘rat
considerobloproblem
sfor
furtherco
mpeti
tionlaw
rmurol
1wthe
comuetition
authorities.
Nu
rr’gas
p.hlis.prolriscn
isperform
edby
Bulgargea
EA
D15,
which
has
licis
dby
forthis
activity.B
ulgargasE
AD
isthe
solepub
he
wovide’
uhotrader
atorices,
regulatedby
SEW
RC
,w
ithm
arketshare
d7
‘U/re
thototal
consumpticn
for2010.
Bulgartransgaz
BA
Dhas
been
iceruadfor
transmission,
transittransfer,
andstorage
ofnatural
gas.The
naturalar
theentry
ofthe
gastransm
issionsystem
isprm
’idedby
three
envisagedh
‘V
”tte
secondshare
torm
’necthe
3uigaxinand
Rom
ananm
arkets
Thefm
Lt;oairn
ale;in
gc
wtllvrobabh
start ina
mest regime
during2012.
Seeboon
asntirb
cr
externalproviders
(Overgaz
Inc.,W
intershall,and
Gazexport)
andone
domestic
provider(P
etrekoSA
RL
).T
hegas
transmission
sys*emis
owned
byB
ulgartransgazE
AD
,w
hosenetw
orkconnects
gasdistribution
com
paniesand
about386
directlyconnected
consumers.
Gas
supplyin
the
territoryofB
ulgariais
carriedout
throughthe
gastransm
issionnetw
orkof
Bulgartransgaz
BA
Dand
throughgas
distributionnetw
orksow
nedby
therespective
gasdistribution
companies.
On
thcterritory
ofthecountry
thereis
atransit
pipelineow
nedby
Buigartransgaz
BA
D,w
hichtransfers
naturalgas
toth
eterrito
riesof
Greece,
FY
RO
Man
dT
urkeyat
certainpoints.
Local
naturalgas
extractionis
min
imal
with
am
arketshare
of2.1%for
2010.W
holesaletrade
innatural
gasis
carriedout
bya
regulatedaccess
ofthird
parties—
producers.N
aturalgas
import
ison
thebasis
oflong-term
contractsw
ithG
azprornfor
domestic
consumption
andtransfer
throughtransit
pipelines.P
rovisionof
natu
ralgas
fo’consum
ersin
South
Western
Sulgariathrough
thetransit
pipelinefor
Greece
andF
YR
OM
isbased
ona
contractwith
Gazexport.B
ulgartransgzB
AD
owns
andm
anagestran
smis
sionand
transitpipelines
—high
pressure,and
theunderground
gasstorage
Thiren.
At
thisstage
ofm
arketdevelopm
ent,there
isno
systemcongestion,
‘ieitheron
national,nor
oncross-border
level,since
thetransm
issionsy
stem
pre
cte
dcapacity
is8
billionm
3.T
heactual
annualconsum
ptiondoes
notexceed
50%of
them
aximum
projectedconsum
ption.T
heallocation
ofii’aiiabie
capacitiesis
onthe
“firstcom
efirst
served”principle.
Transit
traiisrntssionis
carriedout
bythe
SystemO
peratoron
thebasis
oflong-
termcontracts.
There
areold
contractsw
ithpriority
accessto
cross-borderca”acities.
The
ratioofcapacity
neededto
serveold
contractsto
totalcross-
bordercapacity
is100%
.
The
ronciusionw
ouldbe
that,although
transparencyhave
beenslightly
imprnred,balancing
rulesand
imbalance
chargesare
beingchanged
inco
nform
itvw
iththe
applicableE
Urules,the
infrastructureand
theearly
stagesof alternative
suppliessources
projectsdo
notpermit
developingthe
market
at theJpstrearn
level.Probably,
atleastinthe
SouthE
asternPusope,
theE
UC
omm
issionis
bestplaced
(includingtrough
AC
ER
powers
and/orits
anti
trusthand)
toencourage
byreal
means
thediversification
ofsupplies.T
hisat
will
berelated
tothe
development
of Nabicco
project,projectsfor
con
nect
ingtire
Caspian
regionand
theM
iddleE
astw
ithC
entralandW
estEurope,
theideas
aboutconstruction
ofinterconnectionsw
ithR
onoaniaand
Greece
r
BuIg
araR
i!garia
aL
NG
terminal
itA
egeanSea.
Ajoint
European
policytow
ardsdiv
er
si5cato
ncr
contributeto
sttengthen!ngthe
indh’idualM
ember
States’org
positiousin
theirnegotiations
with
externalgassellers
—beyond
wat
theseM
ember
Statescould
achievein
theabsence
ofcoordination.
Questb
n3
3uigarianenergy
sectoris
potan
exceptionfrom
theone
inother
Mem
ber
Stote
when
speakingabout
competition
issues.T
heinfrastructure
required
fortue
transmission
of electricityand
gasis
tothe
datea
naturalm
onopoly
andthe
needfor
securityof
supplytended
toreinforce
thejustification
forgovrn
Inen
tregulation
andthe
grantof
exciusiverights.
The
en
fo
rcem
en
t
Com
petitionL
awin
theenergy
sectoris
anobligation
ofboth
auth
ori
tIcS.
According
toA
rt.23
parra.1,
point1
ofthe
Energy
Act,
theN
RA
asa
principlem
ustobserve
thatcom
petitionon
theenergy
market
isnot
jestrictedor
distorted.A
ccordingto
thesecond
parra.ofA
rt.23
theN
RA
,
thepetio
rnan
ceof its
duties, may
requestthat
theN
CA
iritiatepro
ceed
begsunder
Bulgarian
Law
onP
rotectionof C
ompetition.
Inthis
relation,theenforcem
entof
Com
petitionL
awcould
beconsidered
asa
combination
ofthe
competencies
ofbothN
RA
andN
CA
asall
companies
inthe
market
are
obligedto
abideby
thecom
petitionrules
asset
inthe
Law
onP
rotectionof
Com
peittion.W
econsider
thatB
ulgarianN
PA
andN
CA
havem
anagedto
tracea
baiar±cebetw
eentheir
competencies
inthe
creationand
protectionofthe
ener3ym
arket.T
heC
omm
issionfor
Protection
ofC
ompetition
(CPC
)has
tctilcwe1
toepath
ofeconomics-based
approachtow
ardsexcessive
orunfair
,rices.w
bch
preservescom
petitionlaw
’sfocus
oncom
petitiveprocess
and
unditionsrather
thanon
priceregulation.
CPC
hasacted
oncases
of abuse
ofdon’ ma
utpoation
with
regardsof the
ownership
ofthetransm
issionnet
n:k
onboh
electricityand
gasm
arket.”O
therrange
of casesdealed
bythe
T)c
relatedto
intro
docto
naft,busive
contractualterm
s’2,
denialto
supply,
.r’’ato
uaythe
pricesfor
uc
oftr
nsm
issio
nnetw
ork
.H
abitually,C
PC
L’edsicnof
theW
t7/03,D5.2A
!0.Y
anaA
Dv.
FV
N.
Deson
of
the
C°C
Nc.
1142/1
6.1
2.2
008,
CE
Z—
Price
forthe
restorationof
sucpendcdscrvices, D
eciionC
PC
N307/31.03.2009,
EV
N—
controlm
echanismfor
electricityst’
ryto
a.
on
i•7
1—J2.2D
i,O
FT
andE
nergySupply
vs.IE
K. The
applicantscornplant
:hntT
Tr
-“-t,
c’-4
-on
etie
w’h
thcirchare
of energyfor
exportto
Turkey.
CPC
eit!’ere
15110qic1iIon,
would
requireand
relyon
theinform
ationprovided
bythe
NR
Aand
would
actbytaking
intoconsideration
them
arg
inof appreciation
of thecom
panies
wtthin
theregulated
sector,N
CA
isalso
competent
toclear
concentrations
ofcompanies
which
inthe
processofstructural
transformation
of them
ar
ketisalso
asan
important
instrument.
NR
Aw
illendeavour
toabide
byits
obligationsto
conlrolcom
petition
processas
anex-ante
regulator.P
erforming
itsduties
NR
Am
ayask
for
theopinion
ofthe
NC
Abefore
issuingits
actas
faras
itconcern
general
administrative)
acts.A
dditonaily,under
theE
nergyA
ctthe
NR
Ahas
also
powers
tocontrol
issuesrelating
topossible
denialof
accessto
networks
hvtht-
electricitysystem
operatoror
thedistributico
systemoperator.
The
controlnevertheless
isoriented
towards
thefunctioning
ofthe
electricity
systemrather
thanto
preservingcom
petitionor
avoidingabuses
ofd
om
i
nantposition.
Furtherm
ore,all
disputesrelating
tothe
implem
entationof
he
provisionsof
Electricity
Trade
Rules
arereferred
tothe
regulatorfor
resolutionunder
theprocedure
of theP
cergyA
ct.
Questio
n4
No
peculiaritiesor
difficultiescould
berecognized.
Questio
n5
The
actsof
theN
RA
(licensing,registration,
rules,decisions)
andN
CA
decisions,clearances)
aresubject
tojudicial control
asadm
inistrativeacts.
Thejudicial
reviewprocedure
isgoverned
bythe
Code
ofA
dministrative
Procedure.
The
flrstJudicial
instanceis
theT
hreeC
hamber
of theSuprem
e
Adm
inistrativeC
ourt;the
second(cassation
instance)is
tileF
ive
Cham
ber
ofSupreme
Adm
inistrativeC
ourt.
Questio
n6
There
isno
publicdiscussion
upto
them
tent
ofthe
proposalto
our
koowledge.
Forthe
purposescf
thisdiscussion
however,
inreiaticr
toF
ul
gariancontext, w
ew
ouldlike
toshare
ouropinion
thatthe
development
of
shem
arketinB
ulgariaw
illcertainly
requirethe
introductionof such
acon
trolm
echanism.
There
isa
necessityto
improve
transparencyand
explicitly
prohibitinsider
tradng
andm
arketm
anioulationon
thew
holesaleenergy
markets.M
onitoringof trade
onm
arketsand
thepow
ersofA
CE
Rto
require
nember
statesto
sta
rt investigations
intopossible
market
abusesw
ill require
Bulgaria
Bu
gar
a
closecooperation
between
theSE
WR
Cand
Bulgarian
Financial
Supervision
Com
mission
atnational
level.T
hecreation
ofm
echanismof
exchangeof
information
between
bothauthorities
will be
of utmost
importance
but the
concreteform
isstill to
bedesigned.
.P
rom
rtion
etsubventionen
favour
desenergies
renor,i’e!ables
Questio
ns
nurn.7
et8
Ii noussem
bleopportun
d’adresserces
deuxquestions
ensemble.
La
directive2009/28/C
E’
4m
etl’accent
surdeux
moyens
principaux
auxfins
deIa
réalisationdes
objectifscontraignants
nationauxconcernant
l’utilisationde
t’énergieproduite
apartir
desources
renouvelables(energie
SRi,
asavoir
losregim
esd’aides
etIa
cooperationentre
Etats
mem
breset
avecpays
tiers(article
3, paragraphe3).C
ettecooperation
comprend
egale
ment Ia
possibilitédo
transfertsstatistiques
entreE
tatsm
embres, prévue
a
i’article6
decette
directive.Ii
convientde
inentionner,en
premier
lieu,que
laproposition
dela
Com
mission
européennede
directiverelative
ala
promotion
del’utilisation
doi’énergie
produitea
partirde
sourcesrenouvelables’5,
présentéeen
Jan
vier2008,
prév
oyait
notam
men
tIa
possibilitépour
lesE
tatsm
embres
deprévoir
unsystèm
edo
transferts,entre
despersonnes
établiesdans
desE
tatsm
embres
différents,de
garantiesd’origine
avecincidence
surle
reepect desexigences
relativesobjectifs
nationaux. Au
coursdo
laprocedure
d’adoptionde
Ia2009/28/C
E,
lelegislateur
européena
toutefoisrenoncé
a
cetteidée.
Dans
saversion
finale,cette
directiveprecise
quelos
garanties
d’or!gineno
serventqu’à
prouverau
clientfinal
qu’unepart
ouune
quan
titédéterm
inCe
d’Cnorgie
aété
produitea
partir
deSR
[articles2,
second
aipéa,
point j),et
15,paragraphe
2, dernieralinéa]
etétablit le
système
de
transfertsstatistiques
entreE
tatsm
embres
(article6)
comm
einstrum
entde
coupiesseen
Ce
quiconcerne
lerespect
desobjectifs
contraignantsnatio
Parconsequent, tin
transfert dogaranties
d’originereste
possiblem
ais
seulIc
transfertctatisti9ue
permet
aun
tat
mem
bred’inclure
unequantite
Directive
2039/28/CE
dii Parlement européen
etduC
onseildu23
avril 2009relative
airvrom
otionde
l’utilisationde
l’énergieproduite
apartir
desources
renouvelables
et rnodtlact iuisabrogeantles directives
2001/77/CE
et2003/30/CE,JO
UE
L140,p. 16.
Pro
iojt,,
Jdirectw
eau
Parlement européen
etclu
Conseil relative
alaprom
otion
d: l’utiiisatio:de
l’ére:gieprodtiite
apartir
desources
rertouvelables, CO
M/2008/19
d‘énergie
SRproduite
dansun
autreta
tm
embre
auxfins
durespect
deson
objectifcontraignane.S
ansqu’il
yaft
lieude
rentrer
dan
slos
consid
erations
dulég
islateur
europCen
derrierecette
decisionII
convientde
sedem
andersi
l’absenced’incidence
dutransfert
degaranties
d’originesur
lerespect
desobjcctifs
contraig
nan
tsnatio
nau
xconstitue
tineentrave
aum
archéintérieur
eta
laconcurrence.
Acet
egard,il
convientde
soulignerque
i’existencedu
système
degar
antied’origine
tienta
lanature
spécifiquedo
lam
archandisequ’estl’énerg!o
qul,si
l’onprenait
l’exemple
del’énergie
électrique,se
caractérisepar
iefaiL
que,tine
foisproduite,
iiest
souventdifficile,
voireim
possible,d’identifier
queUe
partie
aété
produite
apartir
doSR
Ctqueue
apartir
desources
con
ven
tionnelles.
La
Cour
doju
sticea
prété
attentio
na
cettecirco
nstan
cedans
sonarrét
du13
mars
2001,dan
sl’affaire
C-379/98,
Preu
ssenE
lek
tra’
6,lorsqu’elle
aapprécié
Iacom
patibilitéd’une
régiementation
nationaleim
posan
tune
obligationaux
entrep
risesd’ap
pro
visio
nnem
ent
d’acheterl’C
lectricitéproduite
apartir
deSR
dansleur
zoned’approvisionnernent
avecles
dispositionsdu
droitde
l’Union
relativesa
Ialibre
circulationdes
march
andises.A
vantde
conciureque,
enl’état
dol’C
poquedu
dro
itde
I’Union
relatifan
marché
del’électricité,
unetelle
réglementation
n’étaitpas
inco
mpatible
avecIa
libertéfondam
entaleprédftée,Ia
Cour
s’estréféréea
Ianature
pécifiquede
l’électricftéet
aubesoin
d’unsystèm
ede
certificatsd’origine
econriusm
utuellerpent.D
ns
lem
éme
soucido
faciliterleséchanges
transfrontaliersd’énorgie
SRm
aisaussi
pour
perrn
ettreune
info
rmatio
net
sensibilisationdu
con
sotnmatcur
finalan
sujetdo
lapart
dansla
productionqu’occupent
lesSR
,Ia
directive2009/28/C
Ea
mis
onplace
un
système
degaranties
d’origineassorti
d’uneobligation
doreconnaissance
mutuelle
(article15,paragraphe
9).C
ependant,ce
niécanisme
est-ilsuffisant,
dansle
contextede
cottedirec
tive,pour
enleverles
obstaclesaux
échangestransfrontalier
dei’ènergie
SR?
11convient
derelever
que,aux
termes
dol’article
3,arag
rapho
1,losobjec
ifsnationaux
contraignantssont
exprimés
enterm
esdo
quantitéd’energie
SRdans
Iaconsom
mation
rat’onaleO
rles
fourn,sseLrc
denergie
sero,t
dissuadescle
s’approvisionneren
énergied’origine
SRauprès
d’unpro
ducteurdans
tinautrc
Etat
mem
bre,étant
donnéque
cetteénergie
n’apas
din
cicence
surle
calculde
leurco
ntrib
utio
na
laréalisation
del’objectif
linei.
OTC
E13
roars2001.P
reussenEiektra.
C-379/93,Rec.
1-2099.
3ugaria
Bulga
rIa
nationalco
ntrig
nan
t.D
ansces
circonstances,ii
semblerait
queIa
direc
ti”e2009/23/C
Epourrait,
eneffet,
aboutir acertaines
restrictionsaux
flbertésfondam
entaies.T
outefos,une
mise
enbalance
deces
impératifs
avec
i’objectif deprctection
del’environnem
entcom
me
celleeffectuée
dans
!‘arrê: Pre
ussenE
1eltra,
précité,s’irnpose.
IIim
portede
releverque,
ainsique
certainsauteurs
l’estimen
t’7,
con
féreraux
gara1tiesd’origine
uneim
portanceaux
finsde
lacontribution
a1a
raisa
tien
desobjectifs
nationauxcontraignants
etde
l’accès ades
sché
sunsd’aide
etpem
etre
Ictran
sfertde
cesgaranties
indépendamm
ent
dei’én
erge
pro
duie
reviendraitacréer
unenouvelle
march
andise
—
Iagarau
ied’origine,
etpartan
tun
nouveaum
archéeuropéen.
En
effet,
lesproducteurs
d’énergieSR
pourraient,par
l’intermédiaire
detransferts
deg
aratiesd’origine,
opterpour
leschem
ade
subventionnational
leplus
avarstageux,cc
quirnettrait
enconcurrence
lesschém
asde
subventiondes
différentsia
tsm
embres.
Or,
iiest
douteu
xu
’un
eteile
concurrencesoit
bénéfiquepour
lesditsschém
aset
pourla
réalisationde
l’objectifde
pro
tectioncie
l’environnement,
notamm
ent,en
termes
decontrôle
desE
tats
rnrm
bre
de1a
réalisationde
leursebjectifs
contraignants.II
estutile, a
retégard,
dem
entionnerqu’un
nombre
d’Etats
nem
bres
appliquentdes
rnécanismes
natiertauxde
certficatsverts
auxfins
deIa
subventiondes
od:ctio
nn
d’Cr:ergies
SR,
certificatsdciii
l’achatest
impose
enquantités
définiesann
fournisseursd’électricité,
cequi
assureun
suiviplus
aiséde
l’evo
lutjo
ri deIa
partd’énergies
SRdans
Iaconsom
mation
nationale.
En
ieuxiém
eucu,
11convient
desouligner
queIa
directive2009/28/C
E
reprevoit
pasdo
listeexhaustive
desm
oyensem
ployerpour
atteindre
ohjectifsco
ntraig
nan
tsnatio
nau
xat
n’opèrepas
uneharm
onisationco
rn
pCte
des:C
gin’’sd’ades.
Les
tats
mem
bresrestent
donclibres
dansleurs
rhoi::dc
schéinasda
cubventioaainsi
u’ersce
quiconcerne
leurorg
anisa
tion,Jour
pouvoirétant
néanmoins
encadrépar
l’imperatif
derespecter
e
citdo
I’Union.
Lacerupatibilitf.
decschém
asnatiooaux
desubventions
avecle
droit
doi’L
Tnon
fat1o
plussouvent
l’objet decoutroverses
sousl’angle
desregles
reti’e
sIa
cccrurrence
et cellosrelatives
auxlibertés
docirculation.
Ainsi,
‘:c
ls3, paragajA
i’3, d
erner
alinéa,de
ladirective
2009/23/CE
precise
qurdecision
deste
tssuem
bressur
lepoint
dosavoir
dansqueue
mesure
uo
n,.
iTei.hoff,P
.Fouquet,
M.
Ragw
itzetG
.R
esch, TheProposed
New
UR
cne’ablesl)rective:
Interpretation,Problem
sand
Prospecis,E
uropean
F.:or-gynd
Erw
ironm
entalLaw
Rcview
, Vol.
17,June2008
n°3,p
.126.
ussoutiennent
l’utilisationde
l’énergieSR
estsans
prejudicedes
articles107
et108
TFU
E.
LaC
omm
issionadresse
cettequestion
notaniment
dans
ssiignes
directricesde
2008concernant
lesaides
d’etataIa
pro
tectio
ndo
l’enviro
nnem
ent’
8,qui
sefoadent
surJe
principeque
leseffets
positifsde
l’adedoivent
compenses
seseffets
negatifsen
tertnede
distorsionde
Taco
ncurrence.
LaB
ulgariea
transposela
directive2009/28/C
Epar
Iaioi
relativea
lonergiede
sourcesrenouvelables
(ZE
VI)
dii3
rrai201.i!9.
Losm
esuresm
citatsues
alaproduction
d’énergieSR
prévuespar
Icdroit
bulgaresoot
listCcs
nunarticles
17et
ISde
cetteIoi,
Ces
mesures
consistent,principalernent,
enl’accCs
garantiaux
réseauxde
transpertetdistribution
deC
nergieSR
(cequi
constitue.par
ailleurs,une
obligationdécoulant
directement
deI’articie
16de
Iadirective
2009/28/CE
)avec
transport,distribution
etco
nstru
ction
de
‘infrastructurenC
cessairegarantis,l’obligatioo
d’achatdo
énergieSR
.Iafly
atjo’ne
farifcp’-eferentiels
nou
1 ac’iad
energieelectrique
SRaexc
1us’o—
decelie
produitedans
descentrales
hydroélectriqueaver
unepuissance
supériourea10
MW
,ainsi
qu’enla
subventiondirecte
decertains
projetsde
oroductiond’C
nergiede
chauffageou
dorefroidissen.enta
partirdo
SR.I!
convientdem
entionner,aupassage,que
cesm
esuressem
blentsouffrir
decersaines
imperfections.
En
effet, IaZ
EV
IC
tablitun
système
deprevision
anouelledes
productionsélectriques
doSR
quipeuvent
êtreraccordC
csau
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spo
rt(article
22de
IaZ
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I).A
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prevision
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23de
laZ
EV
I),E
noutre,
I’articie
29do
IaZ
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Iprévoit
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avanceen
casde
conclusiond’une
promessc
decontrat
deraccordem
entqui
semble
co
ncern
er
un
iq
uem
ent
les
producteursd’énergie
SR.
Los
mesures
décritesaux
articles17
otiS
dol.a
ZE
VI
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ncti
fleespar
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Com
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autitre
dol’articIe
108,
paragranhe3,
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UE
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posedonc
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oir
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mesures
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sensde
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tent
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anureconstitue
uneaide
d’Etat,
ausons
del’article
107, parag
raphe
T.igres
dimectrices
concornantlos
aidesd’E
tatla
pro
tectio
nde
i’environnem
ent,TO
UE
C82,
p.1.
ecotrwep035,
du
93/05/2011.
Bugara
Bu1gara
LT
FUE
,m
aisbénéficie
dela
derogationprévuea
l’article107, paragraphe
3. sourc,
TFU
E, au
titrede
l’objectif deprotection
del’environnem
ent.2°
S’agissantde
mesures
tellesque
l’ebligationd’achat a
untarif
deter
iiné
d’én
ergi
SRet
i’accésau
réscaugaranti
quecet
achatim
plique,de
nou-:eaul’arrèt
PreussenE
lektra,précité,
fournitdes
enseignements.
Par
et
arrét, IaC
Dur
de5ustice,a
fait dei’exigence
d’engagement
directet in
di
rectde
resso’zrcesde
l’tat
unedes
conditionsindispensables
auxfins
dela
alificationd’une
nationalem
esured’aide
d’Etat. C
ettejurisprudence
aété
coairmée
parIa
suitepar
IaC
our,entre
autres,dans
unarrêt
du17
juillet
2005,dans
i’affrreC
-206106,E
ssentN
etwerk
Noord
2t.
LaC
oura
con
si
déré, ensubstance,
queIa
réglernentationnationale
imposant
uneobligation
auxles
entreprisesd’approvisionnem
entd’acheter, a
desprix
minim
aux,
del’éiectricité
produite apartir
deSR
dansleur
zoned’approvisionnem
ent
échappait ala
ua1
ification
d’aided’E
tatpar
ccqu’elle
n’engageaitpas
directement
ouindirectem
entde
ressourcesde
I’Etat,
lesentreprises
d’approvisionnement ta
nt
principalement des
entreprisesprivées.
Cette
jurisprudencefournit
uneligne
dedem
arcationtrès
netteet
en
mêm
etem
pscritiquable
carcue
faitde
laseule
participationprivée
ou
oubliquele
critèrede
determination
del’existence
ounon
d’engagement
deressources
del’E
tat.Le
casbulgare
ence
quiconcerne,
parexem
ple,
I’énergieelectrique
senibleassez
clair,è
cetegard,
l’unedes
grandesen
tre
prisesde
distributionétant détenuea
33pourcent par
I’Etat bulgare, et pour
Icreste
parl’E
tatchC
que. Pourles
deuxautres
entreprisesde
distribution, la
participationde
l’Etat bulgare
s’élèveegalem
ent a33
pourcent.
Su
ivan
t Iajurisprudence
PreussenElektra,
l’obligationd’achat d’énergie
électriquea
un
tarifpreférentiel
devraitêtre
considéréenorm
alement
cor’me
neconstituatit
pasune
aided’E
tatet
partantcom
patibleavec
Ic
droitde
i’Union.
Ti esttoutefois
peucontestable
quecc
régime,
comm
e
toutrégim
esim
ilaired’un
autreE
tatm
embre,
estsusceptible
deprocurer
nfl
‘vantageconcurrentiel
auxproducteurs
d’énergieSR
.A
insi,Ia
Cour
elie-mém
el’a
relevéau
point54
deI’arrêt
PreussenE
lektra,precite,
qu’une
telleobligation
apporteu
navantage
économique
certainaux
producteurs
concernés,en
cequ’&
Iegarantit
sansrisque
desgains
supérieurs acc
qu’ils
réaiiseraientenson
absence. Ii semble, par
aileurs, généralement adm
isque
laprom
otionci
l’Ciergie
SRim
pl iqueune
distorsionde
laconcurrence
sur
lsm
arches
existants,une
distorsionqui
estnécessaire
pourperm
ettreaux
20JO
UE
2010C
125, p.1.2T
CJC117 ui11et
2008, Essent Netw
erk?‘Ioord
.a.,C
-206/06, Rec. 1-5497.
I:
producteursde
cetteC
nergiede
surmonter
lesobstacles
auxentrés
auxm
ar
chéesqui
résultent descoats
deproduction
et coatsinitiaux
élevésassociés
aI’énergie
SR, face a
I’absencede
suffisanterépercussicn
dei’inpact
env
i
ronnernental deIa
productiond’energie a
partirde
sourcesconventionnelles
surIc
prixde
cetteén
ergie.
22
Toutefois,
si I’objectifàlong
terme
devaitC
tre
celulde
rétablirla
concurrencesur
lesm
archéeen
cause.une
foislas
éner
giesSR
s’yétant
affirmées
etpouvant
effectivement
faireconcurrence
aux
sourcesconventionnelle,
iisem
blelogique,
d’unepart,
queIa
distorsionde
concurrencesusm
entionnéesoit de
naturetem
poraireet,
d’autrepart,
que
lessubventions
enfareur
desenergies
SRsoienta
unniveau
quiperm
ette
umquem
entde
compenser
Icdesavantage
concurrentieldont
cesenergies
sonI
frappées.Le
critèredégagé
dansl’arrêt
PreussenE
iektra,précité,
aeu
unim
pact
curle
dro
tde
I’Union
enIa
matière,
quidépasse
Icsecteur
del’energie.
Toutefois,
cetarrét
semble
n’étreer
vigueur,en
ccqui
concernele
domaine
Cnergétique,
qu’aussilongtem
psque
lesenergies
SRn’ont
pasattein
tIa
capacitéde
faireconcurrence
effectiveaux
energiesproduitesa
partir
de
scurces
conventionnelles.E
neffet,
lecritére
dégagédans
leditarrét
netient
pascorrpte
dubesoin
d’unedistorsion
temperaire
etproportionnée
deIa
car1currenceni
del’évolution
desm
archéesénergétiques
suitealeur
lihé
ralcation
oudes
repercussionsde
l’impact
environnemental
surles
prixdes
ncrgiespoiluantes.
Acet
Cgard,
ii convientde
releverque
laZ
EV
I(article
32)im
poseque
Ic
tarifpréférentiel pourI’achat
deI’électricité
SRsoit
actualiséannueliem
ent
etqu’il
soitétabli
enfonction
decertaines
valeursvariables,
tellesque
les
cots
d’investissements, Ic
retourde
l’investissement et
lescoats
environne
me!taux.
Un
telniécanicisme
semble,
pardefinition,
êtredavantage
aptea‘‘nscnte
dan
slalogique
d’unedistorsion
tesnporaireet proportienné
deIa
concurrencesur
Icm
archéde1’électricité.
Question
num.
9
apossibilité
detransferts
statistiqucset
deIa
misc
enplace
deschém
as
decooperation
avecd’autres
Etats
mem
bresou
avecdes
paystiers
estbel
etbicu
orévuepar
Iareglernentation
bulgare(articles
14 a16
dela
ZE
VI).
-V
olI
Krzerninska,
Are
Support
Schem
esfor
Renew
ableE
nergiesC
ompatible
with
(ornpetItienO
bjectives?A
nA
ssessment
ofN
ational
andC
om
mun
ityR
ules,The
yearbookof E
uropeanenvironm
entallaw
, vol.7
(2007),p.125.
Jgaia
Bu’garia
Pa
illeirs,
‘article17
decette
loicite
expressm
ent
cesschém
asen
guisem
esure
incitatiresaproduction
d’energieSR
.C
ependant,ce
cadrerê1em
eiItaiiere
bornereprendre
lesélém
entsprincipaux
deIa
direc
the
2009,’2S/CE
,acet
gard
.L
aZ
EV
Icharge,
enoutre,
leM
inistrede
i’•on
om
ie,de
‘ériergieet
dutourism
ed’un
certainnom
brede
fonctions,en
1?m
tière,7rir1cipIem
entcelles
denotification
IaC
omm
issiondes
pro
etsdc
schémas
comm
onsde
subventionet de
Iapresentation
desdem
andes:&
atives aIa
priseen
crmpte,
auxfins
dorespect
del’objectif national
con
traignant, de
l’énergieSR
pro
dute
est:onsom
rnéedans
onpays
tiers.Le
pl.n
d’actionde
laB
olgarie,an
sensde
l’article4,paragraphe
1de
ladirective
209I2
8!C
E23,
citecom
me
instrument
principalla
cooperationavec
despays
deIa
regionetd’autres
Etats
mem
bres.C
eplan
prévoitcom
me
moyen
deren
forcercette
cooperationla
traductiondu
cadreréglem
entairebulgare
enplusieurs
languesefficielles
del’U
nioneuropéenne.
En
outre,la
Snigarie
exprirneon
snuhaitd’ouvrir
undialogue
avecdes
tats
mem
brescui
seraicnt inLressC
sd’sso
rerune
quantitCadditionnel!e
!‘énergieSR
auxflns
dorespect
ieleors
sbjectifscontraignants.
Leplan
d’actioncite,a
cetitre,
I’Italiele
Dncm
ark,
IaB
elgicueet
leL
uxembourg.
Dans
lecadre
dodocum
entprévisionnel,
prodoitpar
laB
ulgarieconform
ément a
l’article4,
psag
raphe
3, dela
dtectiv
e2
00
9/2
8/C
E2
4,
l’accenta
étém
issur
Iaco
opéra
tjOO
ente
laB
ogarieet
isR
oumanie
ence
quiconcerne
ledC
veloppement
dopotentiel
hydro-électriquedu
fleuveD
anubeet
Iaconstriction
dedeux
centralesavec
onecapacité
comm
unede
800M
W.
Leplan
d’actionne
con
tirntpas
d’informations
plusconcretes
etunprD
grèssur
Ceprojetn’a
pasété
décelé.L
editplan
d’actionspécifie
quela
l3uigariedispose
d’unecapacitC
rCdoite
deoarti;ip
erdans
desprojets
comm
onsdans
d’autresE
tatsm
embes,
enraiso
nde
Iscom
plexitédu
procésde
coord
inatio
n,
Iiresso
rt4aIem
entde
cedocum
entque
iaconnaissance
deIa
partdes
autoritesbul
garesclu
potentielde
projetscom
mons
dansd’autres
tats
mem
bresest assez
du
iteégalem
ent.
C.C
!!rge1
nen
tc1i
iqiie
Q’estio
nnum
.10
et11
IInous
apparait opportund’adresser
lesdeux
questionsensem
bie.La
directive20C
3!37/CE
établissantun
système
d’échangede
quotasd’em
issionde
gaza
effete
serredarts
laI’U
nio
n2
5fo
um
itdes
ind
ication
uantai’articulation
entrele
système
dCchange
dequotas
pourles
Cm
ission:
degsaa
effetde
serreetdes
mesures
airernativesvisant
aréduire
cesdm
issions.E
neffet,
sonconsidérant
23m
enten
exergueIa
nécessitéd’un
ensemble
globaletcoherent
depolitiones
etm
esuresm
iscen
uvre
auclan
natc
a’etde
celudel
Lnio
r,dans
‘equellem
arcede
qu
ca
sinegre
Iressort
desconsidérants
24et
25de
cettedirective
quedes
mesures
natic—rides
fiscalesvisant a
limiter
lesditesem
issionssont,
enprincipe
admises, et
cued
teller:nesures
doiventconcerner
tourles
secteursde
l’économie,
Trie
attcnticnparticuiiC
reest prétéea
Iacom
patibilitéde
tellerm
esuresavec
lesdi:asit:en
sdo
droitde1’U
ro’
relativesaux
aidesd’trt
(ccnsidCrant
23).TIpout
enêtre
dCduit
ue
desm
esureste1le
squ’une
taxationdes
emissions
degaz
efetdo
serrep!.ésenent
uncaractère
compiém
ertairepar
rapoortau
vstèm
ed’echange
depuotas
pourccs
Cm
issions,II
convientde
men
ticrm
er,en
cutre,i’existcnce
d’initiativesau
niveaude
l’LT
nionrelativesa
l’incorporaticnd’un
éiézrenteivrironneinentaldana
Iataxatica
desproduits
Cnergot!qoes,la
dernièreC
tantproposée
parIe
comm
issaireA
lgirdasem
etam
ais7ant
pasrecu
onesuite.
Lad
rPce
2003,87/CE
‘ite
trnsp
osee
dons1o-the
jurid
iqe
ni_
gare,-atam
mer:t, par
lalot
relativeaIs
protectionde
I’environnemert,
telleque
rno
difiée
2°.
Cette
iOne
prévoitpar
desm
esuresftscales
com
me
celles
dCcrites
ci-dessus.IIn’existe
parnon
plusdans
d’aotresrC
glementations
bul
garesdes
dispositionfiscales
frappantspécifiquexnenticr
emissions
degaz
aeifi
deserre.
Des
differencesde
poinssic
vuessos
[‘articulationentre
lesy
nc
d’Cchange
do400tas
pcurles
emissions
de7
55
éeict
serreet
desm
eors
alternativesvisant a
rCduire
sesem
ission:ne
sonpas
aparen
tesdans
iseis1ation
bulrtare.
2ihttp
://ec.euro
pa.en
/energ
y/ren
ewab
ies/lransp
arency
_platfO
rm/d
oc/resu
bm
itted_
nreap)iIg
a’ia_en
.pdf.
ht:p
//eceuv
op
a.cu/en
ergy
/retieab1
es!transp
arency
_p
1atfo
rm!cc/b
uig
aria_forecastcnL
sii.pdL
Dir@
ciive2003/87/C
Edu
Parierneiit
euro
péen
etdu
Conseil
Cu
13octobre
2003étah
s:sut
unsystèm
ed’échange
dequotas
d’émissior’
Cegaza
effetde
serredans
laC
o’:n
pucacé
etm
edifisntIs
directive95/61!C
Ed’s
Coaseil,
TO
LJE
L275,
p.
32.‘‘:2’eu
eeC
rnuu
K,n0
30,du
11/04/2006.
Bu’garia
Bugaria
85
D.
Security
Questio
n12
t’ytradition
thecountry
isa
netexporter
of electricityin
theregion.
In2010
theshar”
of electricitysold
onthe
regionalm
arketam
ountedto
8.44T
Wh,
over1)
%of
totalnet
nationaloutput.
The
forecastfor
futuredevelopm
ent
ofelectricity
capacitiesf&
useson
furth
erguarantee
ofthe
systemsecu
rityand
electricitysupply,
includingregional
aspects,and
isbased
onthe
National
electricitystrategy
oftheR
epublicofB
ulgariauntil
2020adopted
bythe
Parliam
entand
ona
ten-year“Plan
forthe
development
oftra
ns
mission
network
inB
ulgariafor
theperiod
2010-2020”
preparedby
ESO
andN
EYZ
The
strategycontains
aforecast
ofgrossnational
consumption
—
“variantm
aximum
”and
“variantm
inimum
”—
forthe
next10
years.V
ari
antsshow
possibleforecast
reductionof
electricityconsum
ptionintensity
byabout
1.4%
inthe
period2012
—2014, having
inm
indthe
startof em
is
sionstrading
andcertair’
declinein
electricityconsum
ptionafter
2017w
ith
“minim
umscenario”
dueto
theim
plementation
of energyefficiency
meas
ures.N
ewelectricity
capacitiesthat
arecurrently
constructedand
planned
foroperation
inthe
next10
yearsare
mostly
basedon
prim
aryenergy
sources,nuclear
energy,w
indan
dw
aterenergy,
photovoltaicand
partly—
localcoal.
As
aresult
of theincrease
ofthe
PES
electricitycapacities
inthe
coun
try,m
ainlyw
indpow
erin
north
-eastB
ulgaria,som
edifficulties
occur
regardingthe
connectionof new
capacitiesto
thetransm
issionand
distri
bnio
nnetw
orksdue
tolim
itedcapacity.
Inthis
regard,in
theM
inistryof
Econom
yE
nergyand
‘ourismin
cooperationw
ithSE
WR
C,
anE
lectricity
Transn:isrion
Netw
orkev
elopm
ent
PlanofB
ulgariafor
theperiod
2010—
°0
isin
processof
approval.U
nderthe
currentlegislative
framew
ork
SiiV
JtCreview
sand
approvesinvestm
entsand
schedulesfor
thenetw
ork
expansionof eletricity
distributioncom
panies.
Gas
Inrelation
tothe
needof diversification
ofsupplies
thefollow
ingprojects
havebeen
identifieds
priorityin
theE
nergyS
trategyuntil
2020of
Bul
gariaadopted
br’ theP
arliament
—N
abucco,connecting
theC
aspianregion
andhe
East w
ithC
entraland
Western
Europe,
“SouthStream
”and
elsothe
constructionof interconnections
with
thetransm
issionsystem
sof
Rom
aniaand
Greece.T
hereis
alsoclear
understandingthat
itisim
portant
toact
forthe
constructiona
liquefiednatural
gasterm
inalon
theA
egean
Sea.A
san
imm
ediatem
easures,B
ulgartransgasE.A
Dhas
signedag
ree
ments
with
DESFA
—G
reece,and
BO
TA
S—
Turkey
forreverses
Iransm
ission
ofnaturalgas
incase
ofinterruption
ofsupplies
throughU
kraine.F
uture
crvestments
inoutput
capacityand
import
capacityfor
thenext
threeyears
consistinbuilding
aninterconnection
with
thegas
transportationsystem
of
aomania
(with
acapacity
of upto
1.5billion
m3/
peryear)
andG
reecew
ith
acapacity
ofup
to1.0
billionm
3/peryear.)
Inorder
toim
provesecurity
andquality
ofthegas
supplyin
thecountry.
anum
berofinvestm
entsw
ere
made
inthe
gastransm
issionnetw
orkand
facilities.U
ndera
contractfor
a
grantw
ithE
BR
Dhigh
pressuretransm
issionpipelines
arein
aprocess
of
development.
Under
aconsultancy
servicesw
ithE
BR
D,
starteda
process
ofreconstruction
toexpand
thew
orkingvolum
eof
theunderground
gas
storageC
hiren.A
number
ofm
easuresw
eretaken
aiming
toconnect
the
gastransm
issionsystem
sof B
ulgariaw
ithR
omania,
Serbiaand
Greece.
The
gasextraction
siteG
alatais
expectedto
betransform
edinto
thesecond
gas
storagein
thecountry.
As
presentedabove,
untilthe
mom
entactions
undertakenby
Bulg
ar
ianinstitutions
arem
ostlybased
onregulations
andnon
legislativerules
andprogram
s.It
isexpected
thatw
iththe
adoptionof the
newE
nergyA
ct
allthose
initiativew
illfind
theirlegal
groundsin
conformity
with
EU
legal
framew
orkon
energysecuriL
y
Questio
n13
TheE
nergyA
ctprovides
forthe
Minister
of Econom
y,E
nergyand
Tourism
tom
onitorthe
securityof
supply.H
epublishes
futureand
pastm
easures
ancoutcom
esof
monitoring
inan
annualbulletin
onthe
conditionand
development
of
energyon
thew
ebsiteof
theM
inistry.A
ccordingthe
Ajifro
nal
Provisions
oftheE
nergyA
ct,“m
onitoringthe
securityf
sup
ply”is
thebalance
between
supplyand
demand
ofelectricity
andnatural
gason
thenational
market,
thelevel
ofexpected
futureconsum
ption,and
plannedadditional
capacityin
processofplanning
andbuilding,the
quality
andrn
anen
ance
levelsof
networks,
asw
ellas
measure
forcovering
peak
cors-n’iptionand
overcoming
deficitof
oneo
more
providers,suppliers,
ortraders.”
The
Act provides
forthat
centralizedcperational
managem
ent,
coo!dinatumand
controlof
theoperazing
regime
ofthe
gastran
smis
sionsvatem
iscarried
outby
theT
SO,
andthe
operationalm
anagement
of
Fg
ara
Buig
aria
eachdistribution
systemis
carriedout
bythe
distributionsystem
operator.O
rdersofthe
gastransm
issionsystem
operatorare
bindingfor
gasdistri
hutionsystem
operators,consum
ers,extraction
enterprisesand
gasstorage
areao
pera
tors,
connecte
oto
thetransm
issionsystem
,and
forother
compa
5T
1T
r5iT
ty
Ou
estiri
14
On
LO
f.2011the
Bulgarian
Parliam
entadopted
theE
nergyS
trategyuntil
2020of
Bulgaria
(ap
ovedearlier
bythe
Councilof
Ministers).
The
do
cuin
’utste
asnaiio
rai
oJ.e
ctiv
es
a20
%reduction
ofgreenhouseem
issionin
relationto
1990,20%
shareofR
ESen
erg
yin
theentire
energym
ixand
10%
shareof
LIESre
rgy
inthe
transp
ort
sector,im
provement
ofthe
energyeifin
c’b
yzO
%.
Inthis
relationthe
cveprinciple
prioritiesfor
Bulgaria.set in
theStrategy
areasfo’
1ow
s:
-g
ura
nte
eig
thesP
ou
rityof supply
—it
isto
beaccom
plishedby
developing
he
necessaryinfrastructure,
dnrersificationof
supply,creation
andnv.iren
ance
s’coordinatedE
upolitics
andsolidarity
onthe
issue;accornpiishrneit
ofRES
oijectives(the
bso
iute
objectivefor
Bulgaria
is16
%share
of RES
inthe
consumption
of energy);-
Improem
ento
energyefficiency;
--
dev
elo
pm
en
tof a
competitive
market,
includingby
creatingan
electricity
ciergy
exchangein
theco
uni’
bythe
endof 2011
andoptim
izationcfthe
sseo
theinterconnectcrs
with
neighboringcounties;
•pro
cctjo”
of co’snmers’
intorestsT
eS
trategyaffirrr
theF.oropean
oerspectiveof
theB
ulgarianpolitics
ine
erg
v:e
cto
alie
cvrren
tE
uro
pean
energypolicy
legalfram
ework
hasbeen
refle
’teinto
he
Suategy.
vlg
eriaI2legislator
andgovernm
entw
illas
:sraingoal
rr’uitw
theexternal
energydependence
of theEU
.This
Lnot
onhr
akey
iuctrnment
1ofu
rther
negotiationsw
hereB
ulgariaw
illd
’n2
natio
iriad
TU’s
inte
rests
indev
eloin
gthe
internalenergy
market
Onts
alson
!mpo:ta
nt tool
forinterpretaticn
when
applyingerurironm
eniai,
-nei-yan
ir:o
in[1
ition
rulesto
ap
artic
’iiar
situatio
n.
Forin
rance
itisi1rm
a’
ine
Join
nen
tth
at
Igara
niiitercsts
indeveloping
nuclearcnsjo
ctic
nnfN
P2
inE
clenean
’1
prolongationof the
utilizationof
block5
and6
ofNPP
Kozloduy
inB
ulgariaw
illbe
carriedon
inco
ord
ina
tionw
ithE
Uinstitutions. N
oticeably, thedocum
ent isdrafted
inh
elight
ofA
r.194
of theT
FEU
which, even
thoughdoes
notchange
itsalready
bidingnature, is
aclear
confirmation
ofthereal
willof B
ulgariato
followa
consist
cr’tlegislativeand
politicalpath
forthe
accomplish
‘nentof
EU’s
objectivesin
theenergy
sector.
