INDEX

Aabstract classes, 125-134

base class nature of abstract classes, 127-128concrete classes, 127-128implementation of abstract classes, 126-131instantiation of abstract classes, 127-128polymorphism, 131-133

abstract data types, 22, 74, 402-403Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) (See also

graphical user interface (GUI) development),

108, 317-393

AWT component classes, 318-319AWT foundation classes, 318broadcasting of events, 328event handling, GUI, 326-336, 328

four steps to creating a GUI, 319-326GUI creation, 317-393inner classes, 334-335interfaces, 121Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) vs., 318source-event-listener model event handling,

329summary event handling, 336-337Swing vs. AWT, 386-387window-closing events, 333-334

abstraction, 22, 74, 96, 98, 125-134, 402-403access specifiers, 92-94, 93, 100-101, 408

Private access specifier, 85, 88, 92-94, 93,

144, 408

Protected access specifier, 85, 88, 90-91,

92-94, 93, 100-101, 408

Public access specifier, 14, 85, 88, 92-94, 93,

100-101, 408

Accessing the AS/400 System with Java, 357

ADD, 37adding records to databases, 182-184AND operator, 28API for class, DB2/400 encapsulated into Java,

245-247, 248-249applets, 49-55, 50, 56

APPLET class, 50choosing when to use applets, 62-63functions of APPLET class, 51-52initializing an applet, 50-52, 53

invokation of applet by browser, 50-51, 54passing HTML applet files from AS/400, 55playing of applets in browser sandbox, 49-50sandbox of browsers, 49-50serving up applets from AS/400, 54-55storage of applets on AS/400, 54

applications, Java (See also Java Virtual

Machine), 55-58, 58

choosing when to use applications, 62-63executing an application, 56-58Java Virtual Machine (JVM) interpretation &

execution, 56-58arrays, 32-34, 212

compile-time arrays, 33-34creating array for parameter list, 212-217dynamic arrays, 46-48VECTOR, 46-48

413

AS/400 Internet Expert, 401

association of classes, 77-78, 77, 409-410attributes, 35, 69, 82, 241-245, 404, 405

DB2/400 encapsulated into Java, 241-245AWT foundation classes, 318

Bbase classes, 100, 127-128

factoring out code to base classes, 267-268functions in base classes, 176-178

batch processingJava Toolbox for AS/400, enhancing

performance, 164SQL statements, 202-203

behavior of objects, 69, 73, 403, 404big loop, 19BigDecimal, 39-41BigInteger, 37-39bind-by-copy, 133binding, 133-134

bind-by-copy, 133late binding, 143

Boolean values, in loops, 27-28BorderLayout manager, 322-323, 323

BREAK, 28broadcasting of events, AWT, 328BYTE data type, 36

Ccallable statements to access data, 195-196cardinality of classes, 77case statements, 30-31casting references, 119-120, 179

downcasting references, 120upcasting references, 179

CATCH, 148, 152, 154-155CD-ROM disk, loading the software, 395-399CHAR data type, 36CLASS class, 143-144class fields, 251, 273, 404, 405class methods, 403class paths, 17classes, 3-6, 7, 19, 20, 24, 34-36, 70-73, 75-76,

96-98, 97, 402-403

abstract classes, 125-134access specifiers, 93-94, 100-101AS/400 data types/ Java classes, 179, 242association of classes, association of classes,

77-78, 77, 409-410AWT component classes, 318-319AWT foundation classes, 318base class, 100, 127-128cardinality of classes, 77CLASS class, 143-144concrete classes, 127-128construction of classes, 105-107default constructors, 107derived classes, 85, 283-288, 405descendant classes, 97-98enforced function implementation, 288-290explicit class construction, 107extending a class with inheritance, 89-90,

98-101frameworks for Java classes, 269-270helper classes, 342-343implicit class construction, 106-107inner classes, 334-335interfaces vs. classes, 110Java Foundation Classes (JFC), 385-386JavaDoc documentation of class, 254-257,

256, 257

Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC), 318modifying objects and classes through

polymorphism, 139-143parent class, 100, 405protected access specifier, 100-101public access specifier, 100-101singleton classes, 275subclass, 85, 100, 405SUPER keyword, 106-107superclass, 100, 405

command calls, 161comments in code, 258common gateway interface (CGI), 58-59common object request broker architecture

(CORBA), 60-62, 61

compilation, 133-134bind-by-copy, 133binding, 143, 133-134

414

INDEX

compile-time arrays, 33-34Java source files on sample CD-ROM,

397-399late binding, 143RPG programs vs. Java classes, 5

compile-time arrays, 33-34component classes, AWT, 318composition of classes, 410concrete classes, 127-128Connection component, in JDBC, 186, 188constants, 31-32construction of classes, 105-107construction of objects, 74-75, 408-409constructors, 14, 15-16, 20, 70, 105-107containment, containers, 320-322, 410

nesting containers and objects, 325-326CONTINUE, 29conversion classes, data conversion, 161,

215-217creating objects, 79, 408-409curly brace to delimit Java code, 7-8cursor, dynamic cursor, 205-206Customer class sample code, 258-265CustomerDataModel listing, 387-389CustomerSubfile listing, 390-391

Ddata areas vs. STATIC, 35-36data conversion, 161, 215-217data members, 88, 404data queues, 161

integrating Java& AS/400 apps, 227-229data types, 10-11, 36-37

abstract data types, 22, 74, 402-403AS/400 data types/ Java classes, 242BigDecimal, 39-41BigInteger, 37-39BYTE data type, 36CHAR data type, 36converting values to Java data types, 219-220FLOAT, 37-39INTEGER, 37-39numeric data types, 36, 37-39string handling, 14, 41-44

databases (See DB2/400 entries, below)

DB2/400 data access encapsulated into Javaclasses, 239-265, 267-293API for class, 245-247, 248-249AS/400 data types/ Java classes, 179, 242class attributes, 35, 69, 82, 241-245, 404, 405class fields, 251, 273comments in code, 258creating classes, 281Customer class sample code, 258-265Customer class use, 291-292deleting records, 252-253, 281-283derived classes, 283-288designing to an interface, 270-273enforced function implementation, 288-290enhancing the process, 292-293entity encapsulation, 240-241factoring out code to base classes, 267-268frameworks for Java classes, 269-270getter functions, 242-245INIT functions, 251interfaces, additional, 291iterator functions, 279-280JavaDoc documentation of class, 254-257,

256, 257

lazy initialization, 252-253object fields, 273persistence, 273processing sets, 247-249, 277-280RDBObject base class, 268, 270, 271-274retrieving records, 251-252SEARCH, 251, 277-278setter functions, 242-245singleton classes, 275STATIC, 251, 273, 275-277static initializer function, 275-277unit testing, 253-254updating records, 252-253, 281-283WRITE, 282writing to records, 252-253, 281-283

DB2/400 record-level access, 161, 167-184adding records, 182-184base class functions, 176-178casting references, 179classes used for record-level access, 168, 168

connecting to AS/400, 169-170, 169

415

INDEX

DB2/400 record-level access, continueddata types

record-level database access, AS/400 toJava classes, 179

AS/400 to Java classes, 179deleting records, 182-184file location specification, 170-171get and set record format, 171-172GetField function, 178-179Java database connectivity (JDBC), 167keyed access, KeyedFile class, 175opening the file, 172-173reading a record, 173-178retrieving field values, 178-179sample listing, 180-182, 182

sequential access, SequentialFile Class, 174steps to record-level access, 169upcasting references, 179updating records, 182-184

DDMIterator class, 295-314debugging

polymorphism for debugging, 138-139, 142unit testing, 253-254

decrement math operator, 36default constructors, 107default output, 44-46, 45

deleting recordsDB2/400 record-level access, 182-184DB2/400 encapsulated into Java, 252-253,

281-283delimiters, curly braces vs. op codes, 7-8deprecation errors, companion software, 399derivation, 85derived classes, 85, 283-288, 405descendant classes, 97-98designing to an interface, 270-273discovery of objects, 68-70DisplayCustomer application, GUI, 340-342DisplayCustomer listing, GUI, 347-349distributed common object model (DCOM),

60-62, 61

distributed objects, 60-62, 61

Do loop, 24Do Until (DOU) loops, 28Do/while loops, 27-30

Document/View, JTable grids, 359documentation, JavaDoc documentation of

class, 254-257, 256, 257

DOUBLE, 37-39downcasting references, 120DriverManager component, JDBC, 186, 188D-specs, 10-11, 31-32, 33dynamic arrays, 46-48dynamic cursor, 205-206

Eencapsulation, 80, 81-94, 95

access specifiers, 92-94, 93

AS/400 program call encapsulation, 222-224benefits of encapsulation, 82DB2/400 data access encapsulated into Java

classes, 239-265encapsulated business objects to develop

GUI, 339-354entity encapsulation, 240-241friendly functions, 92GET functions, 86information hiding, 86, 89interfaces, 83-85packages, 92plausible deniability, 85-86Private, 85, 88, 92-94, 93

Protected, 85, 88, 90-91, 92-94, 93

Public, 85, 88, 92-94, 93

SET functions, 86-88threads, 89-90, 89UML notation showing encapsulation, 82-83,

82

Enterprise JavaBeans, 60entity encapsulation, DB2/400 encapsulated into

Java, 240-241entry points to program, 13-14Enumeration interface, 296environment variables, 17EQUAL operator, 28error handling, 147-157

CATCH, 148, 152, 154-155categories of errors, 149describing errors, 148-150enforcement of error handling, 153-156

416

INDEX

EXCEPTION objects, 148, 154exceptions are errors, 149, 153GUIs, 344-346, 344invocation stack, 152JTable grids, 364message generation, 151MONMSG vs. CATCH, 148, 152MSGDTA vs. THROW, 151PRINT function to view errors, 156signatures, 154THROW, 151, 156-157try/catch blocks, 152, 156

E-specs, 32event handling, GUI, 326-336, 328, 342-346

event-driven programming, 19-20EXCEPTION objects (See also error handling),

148, 154

exceptions are errors, 149, 153expanding subfiles, 381-385, 382, 391-393explicit class construction, 107extending a class with inheritance, 89-90,

98-101extensible markup language (EXL), 229

Ffactoring out code to base classes, 267-268FINAL/FINALIZE, 32, 114, 144, 305fixed decimal arithmetic, 39-41FLOAT, 37-39FlowLayout manager, 323-324, 324

For loops, 27-30, 311-312foundation classes, 318, 385-386frameworks for Java classes, 269-270friendly functions, 92, 298F-specs, 12, 142function members, 403function prototypes, 11functions, 8-11, 76, 402, 403

enforced function implementation, 288-290friendly functions, 92, 298getter functions, 86, 242-245overloading functions, 104-105, 304-305members, function members, 403prototypes, function prototypes, 11setter functions, 17, 86-88, 242-245

signatures, 104, 154, 405-407

GetField function, record-level database access,178-179

getter functions, 86, 242-245global variables, 12-13, 73glossary of Java terms, 401-410graphical user interface (GUI) development (See

also JTable grids), 62-63, 108, 317-393

Application Foundation Classes (AFC), 358AWT component classes, 318-319AWT foundation classes, 318BorderLayout manager, 322-323, 323

broadcasting of events, AWT, 328buttons, 319CardLayout manager, 325components in AWT, 319containers for components, 320-321CustomerDataModel listing, 387-389CustomerSubfile listing, 390-391DisplayCustomer application, 340-342DisplayCustomer listing, 347-349encapsulated business objects to develop

GUI, 339-354error handling, 344-346event handling, 326-336, 328, 342-346

expanding subfiles, 381-385, 382, 391-393

extending classes to create GUI, 339-340FlowLayout manager, 323-324, 324

four steps to creating a GUI, 319-326grid choices (See also JTable grid), 357

GridBagLayout manager, 325GridLayout manager, 324, 324, 325

helper classes, 342-343inner classes, 334-335Java Foundation Classes (JFC), 358, 385-386Java Native Interface (JNI), grid support, 358jt400 tables, 375-376JTabbedPane, 376-378, 377

JTable grid, 358-370JTree, 378-381, 378

Label component, 346, 346

layout managers, 322-325layout or arrangement of components in

containers, 321-322ListCustomer application, 349-354, 352

417

INDEX

graphical user interface development, continued

listener interfaces, 329-333load-all subfiles, 381nesting containers with components in them,

325-326page-at-a-time subfiles, 381persistence, ISPersistent function, 344remote method invocation (RMI), grid

support, 358scroll bars, 372source-event-listener model, AWT, 329subfiles vs. grids, 355-357, 356

summary event handling, 336-337Swing vs. AWT, 386-387tabbed dialogs, 325, 376-378tool tips associated with panels, 373-374tree hierarchies, 378-381, 378

window-closing events, 333-334, 342GridLayout manager, 324, 324, 325

grids, subfiles vs. grids (See also JTable grids),

355-357, 356

HHasNext, 300, 304helper classes, 342-343

Iimplementation of a function, 407implementation of abstract classes, 126-131implementation of interface, 111-114, 113

implicit class construction, 106-107Import statements, 6-7increment math operator, 36information hiding, in encapsulation, 86, 89inheritance, 80, 85, 95-108, 405

abstraction, 22, 74, 96, 98, 125-134, 402-403access specifiers, 92-94, 93, 100-101, 408

base class, 100, 127-128classes, 96-98, 97

constructors, 14, 15-16, 20, 70, 105-107default constructors, 107descendant classes, 97-98explicit class construction, 107extending a class with inheritance, 98-101implicit class construction, 106-107

interfaces vs. inheritance, 115, 121-123IS A KIND OF, 102overloading functions, 104-105, 304-305overriding, 101-104, 105parent class, 100, 405Protected, 100-101Public, 100-101subclass, 85, 100, 405SUPER keyword, 106-107superclass, 100, 405

initializationinitialization subroutine (INZSR), 15-16, 20,

22lazy initialization, 252-253static initializer function, 275-277

inner classes, 334-335Inprise, 318, 395instantiation, 33, 127-128, 408-409INTEGER, 37-39Integrated File System (IFS), 161

applet storage, 54Java package storage, 5-6

integrating Java and AS/400 applications,211-236array creation for parameter list, 211,

212-217call object creation, 212, 217converting values to Java data types, 219-220data conversion classes, 215-217data queues, 227-229, 227encapsulating AS/400 program calls, 222-224error handling, 212, 218-219establishing AS/400 connection, 211, 212executing the program, 212, 218input parameters list, 214-217Java Native Interface (JNI), 225-227OS/400 command invocation, 224-225output parameters list, 213-214path creation to program, 211, 217PLIST, 212-217program call markup language (PCML)

program calls, 229-235program parameters list, 212-213remote program calls, 211-222sample listing, 220-222

418

INDEX

interfaces, 83-85, 109-123, 405-407abstract classes, 125-134Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) interfaces,

121benefits of interfaces, 115-120casting references, 119-120classes vs. interfaces, 110designing to an interface, 270-273downcasting references, 120extensibility of interface, 115, 116FINAL, 114implementation of interface, 111-114, 113

inheritance vs. interfaces, 115, 121-123Java Native Interface (JNI), 225-227listener interfaces, GUI, 329-333pluggability of interfaces, 116-117polymorphism and interfaces, 117, 118remote method invocation (RMI), 121STATIC, 114

Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP), 62invocation stack, 152IS A KIND OF inheritance, 102I-specs, 9, 142iterator functions, 29, 279-280, 295-314

DDMIterator class, 295-314FINALIZE, 305HASNEXT, 300, 304logical file support, 302-308looping, 311-312NEXT, 299-301, 302, 304, 312overloaded functions, 104-105, 304-305PREVIOUS, 304processing set of entities with DDMIterator,

308-313processing subset of entities with

DDMIterator, 308-313REMOVE, 300SQLIterator class, 295-314THIS keyword, 304

JJava database connectivity (JDBC) (See also

DB2/400 entries), 161, 167, 185-209, 339,

395-396

accessing data with SQL, 193-196

batch processing SQL statements, 202-203callable statements to access data, 195-196Connection component, 186, 188DriverManager component, 186, 188dynamic cursor, 205-206JDBC 2.0 enhancements, 196-202metadata, 196Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), 186prepared statements to access data, 193-195reading backward, 203-205ResultSet component, 186, 190-193retrieving values of records, 190-193sample application, 187-193Statement component, 186, 188-190updates, RDB UPDATE vs. SQL statements,

206-208Java Development Kit (JDK), 395-396Java Foundation Classes (JFC), 385-386Java Integrated Development Environment

(IDE), 395Java Native Interface (JNI), integrating Java and

AS/400 applications, 225-227Java Runtime Environment (JRE), 58Java Toolbox for AS/400, 161-165, 395,

396-397batch processing to enhance performance,

164command calls, 161data conversion, 161data queues, 161, 227-229DB2/400 record-level access, 161, 167-184installing the toolbox, 162-163integrated file system (IFS), 161integrating Java and AS/400 applications,

211-236JAR files for toolbox, 162Java database connectivity (JDBC), 161,

185-209Java Native Interface (JNI), 225-227program call markup language (PCML)

program calls, 229-235program calls, 161spool files, 161visual components of toolbox, 162

419

INDEX

Java Virtual Machine (JVM), 16application execution, 56-58platform independence of JVM, 56

JavaBeans, JTable grids, 358-370JavaDoc documentation of class, 254-257, 256,

257

JBuilder, 395job control, 17jt400 tables, 375-376JTabbedPane, 376-378, 377

JTable grids (See also graphical user interface

(GUI) development), 360-393, 356

adding components, 360code implementation, minimum

requirements, 365-366column attributes, 366document in Document/View, 361Document/View, 359error handling, 364expanding subfiles, 381-385, 382, 391-393

headers, 362, 365jt400 tables, 375-376populating the grid, 363-364read-only attribute for columns, 367-370scrolling through the database, 372tabbed dialogs, JTabbedPane, 376-378, 377

title of frames, 360tool tips associated with panels, 373-374tree hierarchies, JTree, 378-381, 378

updating column data, 367-370updating DB2/400 data through grid, 370-372validation of data, 368-370views in Document/View, 361

JTree, 378-381, 378

Kkeyed access, KeyedFile class, record-level

database access, 175

LLabel component, GUI, 346, 346

late binding, 143layout managers, 322-325lazy initialization, 252-253

LEAVE, 28libraries, 3-6ListCustomer application, GUI, 349-354, 352

listener interfaces, GUI, 329-333load-all subfiles, 381local variables, 9logical file support, iterators, 302-308LONG, 37-39looping, 19-20, 24, 27-30, 311-312

MMAIN function, 14

unit testing, 253-254mathematical operators, 36

fixed decimal arithmetic, 39-41messages 403, 404metadata, 196methods, 402Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC), 318modeling of objects, 69-70, 69, 70

modifying objects and classes throughpolymorphism, 139-143

modular vs. object-oriented programming, 8-9MONMSG vs. CATCH, 148, 152MSGDTA vs. THROW, 151

Nnaming conventions, classes vs. RPG programs,

7native, Java Native Interface (JNI), 225-227NEW, 22, 24, 32, 34, 35, 79, 105-107NEXT, 23-24, 299-301, 302, 304, 312numeric data types, 36, 37-39numerical classes, 37-39

Oobject fields, 273Object Windows Library (OWL), 318objects, 402

abstract data types, 22, 74, 402-403attributes, 35, 69, 82, 241-245, 404, 405behavior of objects, 69, 73, 403, 404cardinality of classes, 77

420

INDEX

casting references, 119-120class vs. object, 75-76classes, 70-73construction of objects, 74-75constructors, 14, 15-16, 20, 70, 105-107creating objects, 79, 408-409discovery of objects, 68-70distributed objects, 60-62, 61

downcasting references, 120functions, 76global variables, 12-13, 73instantiation, 33, 127-128, 408-409modeling of objects, 69-70, 69, 70

modifying objects and classes throughpolymorphism, 139-143

references or handles for objects, 136relationships of objects, 73, 77-78, 77

time sequence diagrams, 79, 79

use cases, 67-68variables, 76-77

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), 186opening files, 19, 24-25operations, 403operators, 36OR operator, 28OS/400 command invocation, integrating Java

& AS/400 applications, 224-225O-specs, 142output, default, 44-46, 45

overloading functions, 104-105, 304-305overriding inheritance, 101-104, 105

Ppackages, 3-6, 92, 298page-at-a-time subfiles, 381parent class, 100, 405paths, 17persistence, 247, 273, 410

ISPersistent function, 344plausible deniability, 85-86playing of applets in browser sandbox, 49-50PLIST, 14, 212-217polymorphism, 80, 110, 117, 118, 135-145

abstract classes, 131-133CLASS class, 143-144

debugging with polymorphism, 138-139, 142FINAL, 144late binding, 143modifying objects and classes through

polymorphism, 139-143Private, 144references or handles for objects, 136STATIC, 144stopping polymorphism, 144-145uses of polymorphism, 137-139VIRTUAL keyword, 144

prepared statements to access data, 193-195PREVIOUS, 304primitives, Java, 36, 38-39PRINT function to view errors, 156Private access specifier, 85, 88, 92-94, 93, 144,

408

procedures, 8-9program call markup language (PCML) program

calls, 229-235program calls, 161program entry points, 13-14Protected access specifier, 85, 88, 90-91, 92-94,

93, 100-101, 408

prototypes, function prototypes, 11Public access specifier, 14, 85, 88, 92-94, 93,

100-101, 408

RRDBObject base class, DB2/400 encapsulated

into Java, 268, 270, 271-274reading backward through records, JDBC,

203-205reference list, further reading, 411-412references or handles for objects, 136relational databases, 19relationships of objects, 73, 77-78, 77

remote method invocation (RMI), 60-62, 61,

121

remote program calls, 211-222REMOVE, 300ResultSet component, JDBC, 186, 190-193retrieving records, DB2/400 encapsulated into

Java, 251-252Rogue Wave, 357

421

INDEX

RPG vs. Java programming, 3-18class paths, 17constructors, 14, 15-16, 20, 70, 105-107data types, 10-11delimiters, curly braces vs. op codes, 7-8Denoncourt’s RPG improvements, 9-10D-specs, 10-11environment variables, 17F-specs, 12function prototypes, 11functions, 8-11global variables, 12-13, 73IBM’s RPG, 10-12import statements, 6-7initialization subroutine (INZSR), 15-16I-specs, 9Java Virtual Machine (JVM), 16job control, 17libraries vs. packages, 3-6local variables, 9MAIN function, 14modular vs. object-oriented programming,

8-9naming conventions, classes vs. programs, 7paths, 17PLIST, 14procedures, 8-9program entry points, 13-14programs vs. classes, 3-6Public keyword, 14SET command, 17STATIC keyword, 14string array parameters, 14subroutines, 8-9VOID keyword, 14

RPG++ as prototype to Java programming,20-23

Ssandbox of browsers, 49-50scroll bars, 372SEARCH, 251, 277-278SELECT, 31-32sequential access, SequentialFile Class,

record-level database access, 174

serialization, 142, 410servlets, 58-60, 59, 62-63

setter functions, 17, 86-88, 242-245set processing, DB2/400 encapsulated into Java,

247-249, 277-280signatures, 104, 154, 405-407singleton classes, 275source-event-listener model event handling,

AWT, 329spool files, 161SQL access to DB2/400, 185-209

accessing data with SQL, 193-196batch processing SQL statements, 202-203callable statements to access data, 195-196dynamic cursor, 205-206JDBC 2.0 enhancements, 196-202metadata, 196Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), 186prepared statements to access data, 193-195reading backward, 203-205updates, RDB UPDATE vs. SQL statements,

206-208SQLIterator class, 295-314Statement component, JDBC, 186, 188-190static initializer function, 275-277STATIC keyword, 14, 34-36, 114, 144, 251,

273, 275-277Stingray, 357string array parameters, 14string handling, 14, 41-44SUB, 37subclasses, 85, 100, 405subfiles

expanding subfiles, 381-385, 382, 391-393

grids vs. subfiles, 355-357, 356load-all subfiles, 381page-at-a-time subfiles, 381

subroutines, 8-9, 22summary event handling, GUI, 336-337SunSoft, 357SUPER keyword, 106-107superclass, 100, 405Swing, 386-387, 395, 396SWITCH, 30-31Symantec, 395

422

INDEX

Ttabbed dialogs, GUI development, 325

JTabbedPane, 376-378, 377

tables (See alsoJTable grid)

jt400 tables, 375-376Taligent, 357thin clients, 61THIS keyword, 90, 304threads, 89-90THROW, 151, 156-157time sequence diagrams, 79, 79

tool tips associated with panels, 373-374tree hierarchies, JTree, 378-381, 378

try/catch blocks, 152, 156

Uunified modeling language (UML), 67, 70, 69,

70

cardinality of classes, 77discovery of objects, 68-70modeling of objects, 69-70, 69, 70

record-level database access, 82-83, 82

time sequence diagrams, 79, 79

unit testing, 253-254upcasting references, 179updating records,

DB2/400 encapsulated into Java, 252-253,281-283

record level access, 182-184use cases, 67-68

Vvariables, 22, 76-77

environment variables, 17global variables, 12-13, 73local variables, 9

VECTOR, 46-48VIRTUAL keyword, 144visibility, 408Visual Cafe, 395VisualAge for Java, 395VOID keyword, 14

WWhile loops, 27-30WRITE, 282-283writing to records, DB2/400 encapsulated into

Java, 252-253, 281-283

423

INDEX