Cell DivisionCell DivisionSOL: BIO 6 a-cSOL: BIO 6 a-c

SOL: BIO 6 a-cSOL: BIO 6 a-c The student will investigate The student will investigate

and understand common and understand common mechanisms of inheritance mechanisms of inheritance and protein synthesis. and protein synthesis.

Key concepts include:Key concepts include: a)a) cell growth and division;cell growth and division; b)b) gamete formation; andgamete formation; and c)c) cell specialization.cell specialization.

Cell DivisionCell Division Some cells divide Some cells divide

constantly: cells in the constantly: cells in the embryo, skin cells, gut embryo, skin cells, gut lining cells, etc. lining cells, etc.

Epithelial Cell Intestinal Cell

7 week old embryo

Cell DivisionCell Division Other cells divide rarely or never.Other cells divide rarely or never.

Brain Cell – Nerve cell

Spinal Cord Cell- Nerve cell

Cardiac Cell

(Heart Muscle)

Cell Division Cell Division VocabularyVocabulary

somatic cellsomatic cell – a body cell; a cell – a body cell; a cell whose genes will not be passed whose genes will not be passed on to future generations. on to future generations.

sex or germ cellsex or germ cell - a cell that is - a cell that is destined to become a gamete destined to become a gamete (egg or sperm); a cell whose (egg or sperm); a cell whose genes can be passed on to future genes can be passed on to future generations.generations.

Cell Division Cell Division VocabularyVocabulary

diploid (2N)diploid (2N) – a cell with 2 – a cell with 2 chromosome sets in each of its chromosome sets in each of its cells; all body (somatic) cellscells; all body (somatic) cells

haploid (N)haploid (N) – a cell with 1 – a cell with 1 chromosome set in each of its chromosome set in each of its cells; all gametes (sperm, eggs)cells; all gametes (sperm, eggs)

Cell DivisionCell Division 2 kinds of cell division:2 kinds of cell division:

1. Mitosis: division of somatic cells1. Mitosis: division of somatic cells

2. Meiosis: creation of new sex cells2. Meiosis: creation of new sex cells

Sperm cells Human egg cell

Pancreatic cells

Cell CycleCell Cycle A typical cell goes A typical cell goes

through a process through a process of growth, of growth, development, and development, and reproduction called reproduction called the cell cycle.the cell cycle.

Most of the cycle is Most of the cycle is called interphase.called interphase.

INTERPHASE

Cell CycleCell Cycle The longest The longest

phase in the phase in the cell cycle is cell cycle is interphase.interphase.

The 3 stages The 3 stages of of interphase interphase are called are called GG11, S, and G, S, and G22..

Cell CycleCell Cycle Cells spend most Cells spend most

of their time in Gof their time in G11: : it is the time when it is the time when the cell grows and the cell grows and performs its performs its normal function. normal function.

Control of cell Control of cell division occurs in division occurs in GG11: a cell that isn’t : a cell that isn’t destined to divide destined to divide goes into Ggoes into G00..

Cell CycleCell Cycle

The S The S phase phase (“Synthesi(“Synthesis”) is the s”) is the time when time when the DNA is the DNA is replicated.replicated.

Parent strands

Daughter strands

Cell CycleCell Cycle GG22 is the period is the period

between S and between S and mitosis. mitosis.

DNA DNA replication is replication is checked and checked and the cell is the cell is getting ready getting ready to divide. to divide.

Cell DivisionCell Division All living cells come from other All living cells come from other

living cells. living cells. During mitosis, the nucleus of During mitosis, the nucleus of

the cell divides, forming two the cell divides, forming two nuclei with identical genetic nuclei with identical genetic information.information.

MitosisMitosis Mitosis produces Mitosis produces

two genetically two genetically identical cells.identical cells.

Mitosis is referred Mitosis is referred to in the following to in the following stages: prophase, stages: prophase, metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and anaphase, and telophase.telophase.

ProphaseProphase In prophase, the cell begins the In prophase, the cell begins the

process of division. process of division.

The chromosomes condense.The chromosomes condense.

chromatin

duplicatedchromosome

ProphaseProphase Nuclear envelope disappears.Nuclear envelope disappears.

ProphaseProphase

Centrioles Centrioles migrate to migrate to opposite poles opposite poles of the cell.of the cell.

Asters and Asters and spindle fibers spindle fibers form.form.

Aster and the mitotic apparatus in an animal cell

Draw ProphaseDraw Prophase

ProphaseProphase3

4

5

1

2

ProphaseProphase3

4

5

Centriole

2

ProphaseProphase3

4

5

Centriole

Spindle fibers

ProphaseProphaseAster

4

5

Centriole

Spindle fibers

ProphaseProphaseAster

Sister chromatids

5

Centriole

Spindle fibers

ProphaseProphaseAster

Sister chromatids

Centromere

Centriole

Spindle fibers

MetaphaseMetaphase The The

chromosomes chromosomes line up at the line up at the equator of the equator of the cell (metaphase cell (metaphase plate), with the plate), with the centrioles at centrioles at opposite ends opposite ends and the spindle and the spindle fibers attached fibers attached to the to the centromeres.centromeres.

Centriole

Centriole

Spindle fibers Metaphase

plate

Draw MetaphaseDraw Metaphase

AnaphaseAnaphase In anaphase, the In anaphase, the

centromeres centromeres divide. divide.

At this point, each At this point, each chromosome goes chromosome goes from having 2 from having 2 sister chromatids sister chromatids to being 2 to being 2 separate separate chromosomeschromosomes

AnaphaseAnaphase The spindle The spindle

fibers contract fibers contract and the and the chromosomes chromosomes are pulled to are pulled to opposite poles.opposite poles.

Draw AnaphaseDraw Anaphase

TelophaseTelophase In telophase the In telophase the

nucleus actually nucleus actually divides.divides.

The chromosomes are The chromosomes are at the poles of the cell.at the poles of the cell.

The nuclear envelope The nuclear envelope re-forms around the re-forms around the two sets of two sets of chromosomes.chromosomes.

Draw TelophaseDraw Telophase

CytokinesisCytokinesis The division of The division of

the cytoplasm.the cytoplasm.

In animal cells, In animal cells, a Cleavage a Cleavage Furrow forms Furrow forms and separates and separates Daughter CellsDaughter Cells

Cleavage furrow in a dividing frog cell.

CytokinesisCytokinesis In plant cells, a Cell Plate forms In plant cells, a Cell Plate forms

and separates Daughter Cells.and separates Daughter Cells.

Cell Plate forming

Alien VS. Predator Alien VS. Predator MITOSISMITOSIS

ANIMAL CELLANIMAL CELL Centriole and Centriole and

aster presentaster present Daughter Daughter

cells cells separated by separated by cleavage cleavage furrowfurrow

PLANT CELLPLANT CELL No visible No visible

centriole or centriole or asteraster

Daughter Daughter cells cells separated by separated by cell platecell plate

Mitosis: Can you name the Mitosis: Can you name the stages?stages?

1

2

3

4

5

Mitosis: Can you name the Mitosis: Can you name the stages?stages?

Prophase

2

3

4

5

Mitosis: Can you name the Mitosis: Can you name the stages?stages?

Prophase

Metaphase

3

4

5

Mitosis: Can you name the Mitosis: Can you name the stages?stages?

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

4

5

Mitosis: Can you name the Mitosis: Can you name the stages?stages?

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

5

Mitosis: Can you name the Mitosis: Can you name the stages?stages?

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Cytokinesis

Phases of mitosis - IPMATCPhases of mitosis - IPMATC

Interphase

Cytokinesis

Phases of mitosis - IPMATCPhases of mitosis - IPMATCImportant

People

Must

Analyze

Tasks

Correctly

Impatient

People

May

Attack

Teachers

Constantly