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Cell Function
Chapter 5
Transport in Cells
Section 1
ConcentrationAmount of particles/material in a
certain area
DiffusionMovement of particles from an area
of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
MembranesPermeable membrane: membrane
that lets molecules pass through it
Cell membranes are selectively permeable because only certain molecules can pass through
DiffusionCells need materials from their
environment, such as food, water, minerals.
They also need to get rid of waste molecules and move materials to other parts of organism
Cells don’t need to use energy for particles to diffuse
Diffusing WaterOsmosis: diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable membrane (cell membrane)
My Plant is Dying!How can osmosis prevent a plant
from wilting?
Moving Small Particles2 types of transport
1.Passive transport: particles are moved from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration without the cell having to use any energy to do it
Moving Small ParticlesWater and Oxygen can diffuse right
through the cell membrane because of their small size
Sugar and amino acids aren’t small enough so they have to go through protein “doorways” in the cell membrane
Moving Small Particles2. Active Transport: movement of
particles from areas of low concentration to an area of high concentration
Cells must use energy (ATP) to do this type of transport
Math and More Gases diffuse approximately 10,000 times
faster in air than in water. If a gas diffuses to fill a room completely in 6 minutes..
How long would it take the gas to fill a similar volume of still water?
How many hours would that be?
How many days?
Moving LARGE ParticlesEndocytosis: cell membrane
surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle
This is how large particles, even other cells, can be brought into a cell
Moving LARGE ParticlesExocytosis: vesicles are formed at
the ER or Golgi and carry particles to the cell membrane
This allows large particles to be removed from the cell
Cell Energy
Section 2
From Sun to CellNearly all of the energy that fuels life
comes from the Sun
PhotosynthesisProcess by which plants are able to
capture light energy from the sun and change it into food
Chlorophyll captures the energy and the plant cell uses it to change CO2 and H20 into food, the simple sugar Glucose (C6H12O6)
Photosynthesis Glucose is a carbohydrate
When plants make glucose, they’re converting the sun’s energy into energy that can be stored
6CO2 +6 H2O + Light energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Getting Energy from FoodFood has to be broken down so that the
energy it contains can be converted into a form your cells can use
Cellular Respiration Glucose is broken down into CO2 and H2O and
energy is released
A lot of the energy is stored in the form of ATP but most of the energy is released in the form of heat.
This helps to maintain the body’s temperature
Cellular RespirationTakes place in mitochondria
Uses oxygen to break down the food
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H20 + energy (ATP)
FermentationOccurs when your muscle cells don’t get
enough oxygen to produce ATP through cellular respiration
Fermentation releases energy from sugar molecules without using oxygen
FermentationProduces 18x less ATP than cell respiration
Also produces Lactic Acid instead of CO2 and H20
Lactic acid is what causes the burning sensation and fatigue in your muscles
Fantasy IslandYou have been given the assignment of
restoring life to a barren island.
What types of organisms would you put on the island?
If you want to have animals on the island, what other organisms must be on the island as well? Explain your answer.
Review Questions 1. Why are producers important to the survival of all
other organisms?
2. How do the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration relate to each other?
3. What does breathing have to do with cellular respiration?
4. How are respiration and fermentation similar? How are they different?