Cell Notes

ProkaryoteLike a car without any cool features

It does just the basics

EukaryoteLike a high end car

with many features

Cell TypesProkaryote• Simple• Very Few Parts• Bacteria are Prokaryotic

Eukaryote• Very Complex• Many parts• All other living things are Eukaryotic

ProkaryotesHave:• DNA (but NO nucleus)Remember PRO means NO NUCLEUS• Ribosomes• Cytoplasm• Cell Membrane• Cell Wall

Eukaryotes• YOU are a Eukaryote• Plants and Animals• Have many parts in addition to those

found in prokaryotes• 10 times bigger than prokaryotic

cells

OrganelleSmall bodies inside a cell that perform

specialized functions or jobs.

Organelles found in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Organelle

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

Cell Membrane

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

Cell Wall

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

Cytoplasm

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

Ribosomes

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

DNA

Description & Picture

Curling ladder

Analogy in a schoolCobb Student Handbook

FunctionInstructions to guide the cell

Type of cells where it’s foundALL CELLS

Organelles found ONLY in EUKARYOTES

Plant and Animal Cells

Nucleus

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

Golgi Complex

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

Do YOU know REG?Proteins:Ribosomes make ‘em.

ER sorts ‘em.

Golgi delivers ‘em

Vacuole

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

Lysosome

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

Mitochondria

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

ONLY in PLANTS

Chloroplast

Description and Picture

Analogy in a school

Function

Type of cells where it’s found

NucleusFunction:• Directs all cell activities• Control center • Brain• Holds the DNA

NucleusStructure:• Large• Oval

Nucleus

NucleusFound in:Plant cellsAnimal cells=EUKARYOTES

NucleusAnalogy in a school:The principal

RibosomesFunction:• Build proteins• Factory

RibosomesAnalogy in a school:

Teachers build lessons

RibosomesStructure:• Tiny• May be floating• Cells have many ribosomes

Ribosomes

RibosomesFound in:ALL CELLS- PROKARYOTES AND

EUKARYOTES

Endoplasmic ReticulumStructure:Passageways around

the nucleus• 2 kinds: Rough

(with ribosomes) and Smooth

Endoplasmic ReticulumFunction: Sorts proteins made by the

ribosomes

Endoplasmic ReticulumFound in Animal and Plant Cells

ONLY IN EUKARYOTES

Endoplasmic ReticulumAnalogy in a school:

Hallways sort students

Golgi ComplexFunction:Packages and

delivers proteins around the cell or out of the cell.

Golgi ComplexStructure:Stacks of bags

Vesicle

Golgi ComplexAnalogy in a school:

Bookbags

Buses

Golgi ComplexFound in Plant and

Animal Cells

Cell MembraneStructure:Boundary between

inside the cell and the environment

Made of lipids.

Cell Membrane

Cell MembraneFound in ALL CELLSPROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC

Cell MembraneAnalogy in a school:School Security Officer

Cell MembraneFunction:Controls what enters and leaves a cell.

Cell WallFound in PLANT CELLSAnd PROKARYOTES

Cell WallStructure:• Rigid, unbending• Plant cell wall

made of cellulose (think celery)

Outside cell membrane

Cell WallFunction:• Gives cells their shape:

Plants are boxy, prokaryotes are spiral, circular or rod shaped

• Supports• Protects

Cell WallAnalogy in a school:Brick walls

CytoplasmFunction:Transportation system- Organelles float

in itAlways flowing like an ocean

CytoplasmStructure: • Fills the cell• Organelles float in

it• Jelly-like

CytoplasmAnalogy in a school:Cytoplasm is like the air that fills the

school.

CytoplasmALL CELLS have cytoplasmPROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC

VacuoleAnalogy in a school:Your locker!

VacuoleFound in:Large vacuole in plant cells for water.

Animal cells have fewer, smaller vacuoles

VacuoleFunction: storage of materials for later

use

VacuoleStructure:Storage containers in

the cell.Plants have a large

water vacuole

LysosomeFound mainly in ANIMAL cells

LysosomeAnalogy in a school:

Custodian

LysosomeFunction:Breaks down wastesRecycles worn out

cell parts

LysosomeStructure: small storage container with

chemicals for recycling

MitochondriaStructure:Bean-like shape with

a maze-like membrane inside

MitochondriaFunction:Power plant for the

cell.

Turns sugars into ATP

MitochondriaPlant and Animal Cells have

mitochondria

MitochondriaAnalogy in a school:

The fuse box supplies the school with power

ChloroplastAnalogy in a school: Lunchroom makes

food for the students

ChloroplastFound in PLANT CELLS NOT animal

cells

AUTOTROPHS have chloroplasts

ChloroplastFunction: Makes sugars from CO2,

water and sunlight

ChloroplastStructure: Oval organelleContains chlorophyll which makes it

green