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Two Major Types of Cells
• Prokaryote- organisms that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (bacteria)
• Eukaryote- organisms with a nuclei (plants and animals) and membrane bound organelles as well as other cell structures
Cellular Organization
• Cells are diverse in their size and shape and type
• All cells are made up of some basic parts– A boundary– An interior substance– A control center
Cell Membrane
• Also called Plasma Membrane• Location: Outside perimeter• Prokaryotes, Plants, & Animals• Function: controls what enter and
leaves the cell
Structure of Cell Membrane
• Selectively Permeable: –picks and chooses what is allowed to
enter/exit
Cytoplasm
• Location: Jelly-like substance in between cell membrane and nucleus• Plants and Animals &
Prokaryotes• Function: metabolism
Nuclear Envelope:
• Surrounds the nucleus• Plants and Animals• Allows things to enter and exit
nucleus
Cell Wall
• Location: outside perimeter• Found in prokaryotes and plants• Function: gives cells its shape and
protection
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Plants and Animals• Function: highway of cell;
moves material from one end to the next
Goligi Bodies or Complex
• Plants and Animals• Looks like a flattened
stack of pancakes• Membrane bound
sacs that modify and transport proteins to parts of the cell
Cilia and Flagella
• Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (plants and animals)• Function: Hair-like structures
for movement
Vacuoles
• Plants: one large one• Animals: several small ones• Function: isolating threats,
containing wastes, materials like ions, water(similar to sponge)
Plastids
• Plants only
• Two types:1. Leucoplasts: starch storage2. Chromoplasts: pigments for color
Chloroplast
• Type of chromoplast• Contains chlorophyll; site for
photosynthesis• Grana and stoma are part of
chloroplast
Unicellular Organisms
• Example: bacteria, fungi, algae• Able to carry on all life
processes• Usually colonial organisms
Tissue
• Group of cells that are similar and perform same function• Types: epithelial (skin),
connective (bone), and muscle to name a few