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Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and...

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Cell Structure and Function
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Page 1: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Cell Structure and Function

Page 2: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

The “Discovery” of the Cell

• Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.”

7-1

Page 3: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

The Cell Theory

Cell Theory:• All living things are

composed of cells.• Cells are the basic units of

structure and function in living things.

• New cells are produced from existing cells.

Schleiden

Schwann

Virchow

7-1

Page 4: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• Nucleus – a membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic information, “control center”

• Prokaryotes – cells that do not contain nuclei. (Bacteria)

• Eukaryotes – cells that contain nuclei. (All other organisms)

7-1www.nerdscience.com

Page 5: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

“Command Center” Organelles

• Nuclear membrane – surrounds and protects the nucleus

• Chromosomes – condensed string-like structure that forms from DNA , contains cell information

• Nucleolus – structure within the nucleus that makes ribosomes.

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 6: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Inside the Nucleus

Nuclear membrane

ChromosomesNucleolus

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 7: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

The Nucleus

Page 8: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Protection & Support Organelles

• Organelles – structures in a cell that act like “little organs.”

• Cytoplasm – the gel-like fluid where the organelles “float.”

7-2

Page 9: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Protection & Support Organelles

• Cytoskeleton – helps cell to maintain shape, move, and move organelles.

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 10: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

The Cytoplasm

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 11: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Cell Boundaries

• Cell membrane – thin, flexible membrane that surrounds the cell. Controls what enters/leaves cell, provides support/protection.

• Cell walls – rigid layer around the membrane found only in bacteria, fungi and plants.

7-3www.nerdscience.com

Page 12: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Cell Membrane

7-3

Page 13: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Energy Processing Organelles

• Chloroplasts – organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy

Photosynthesis– Found only in

plants.

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 14: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Chloroplasts

Chloroplast

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 15: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Energy Processing Organelles

• Mitochondria – organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.– “Powerhouse of the Cell!”

7-2

Page 16: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 17: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

The Mitochondria

Page 18: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Manufacturing Organelles

• Ribosomes – made of RNA and protein. Make Proteins!

7-2

Page 19: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Ribosomes

Ribosome

7-2

Page 20: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Transport Organelles

• Endoplasmic reticulum – internal membrane system of the cell.

– Lipids, proteins, and other products are made here.

– Rough ER – has ribosomes– Smooth ER – no ribosomes

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 21: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Rough ER with ribosomes

Smooth ERno ribosomes

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 22: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Page 23: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Processing Organelles

• Golgi Body – modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 24: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Golgi Body

Golgi Body

7-2

Page 25: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

The Golgi Body

Page 26: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Storage Organelles

• Vacuoles – store materials.

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 27: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Vacuoles

Vacuoles

7-2www.nerdscience.com

Page 28: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Specialized Plant Organelles

Page 29: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Recycling Organelles

• Lysosomes – small organelles filled with enzymes.– Digest molecules to be used by

the cell.

7-2

Page 30: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Lysosomes

Page 31: Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

Organization in Multicellular Organisms

Tissues

Organs

Organ System

Organism

Cells

7-4www.nerdscience.com


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