Basic unit for living beings

Bounded by a plasma membrane. Also presents cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells one or two nucleous can be found

In most of the plants, mushrooms and bacteria there is a cell wall outside of the plasma membrane

Cell

Cell Theory states the cell as the basic structural and fuctional unit of all living organisms, and also for origin

Cell

Structure and function

Author: M. en C. Gerardo GarcíaBased on Curtis y Barnes. (1997). Biología. Interamericana, Alexander. (1992). Biología. Prentice-Hall and Biology (2009) Glencoe

Cell

So many shapes and sizes

• Average Cell: between 5 to 50 micrometers

• Smallest bacterias are about 0.2 micrometers

• The giant Amoeba Chaos chaos: up to 1000 micrometers. (it looks like a tiny drop)

in eukaryotes the cell structure comprises various organelles

ClassificationsDidactics NaturalPlant cell

Animalcell

Autotroph

Heterotroph

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

gr. autos, by itself + gr. trophos, food related

gr. heteros, another, different+ gr. trophos, food related

gr. eu, true+ gr. karyon, core, nucleus

lat. pro, before+ gr. karyon, core, nucleus

gr. organon, structure, tool+ gr. ella, small

Different cellexamples

Red Blood Cells

Protozoos

Protozoos

BACTERIASRod-shaped, round, & spiral

Cells that lead liquid in plants

cyanobacteria

cyanobacteria

Paramecium& Didinium(protozoos)

Autotrophic protozoo(it has chloroplasts)

ProkaryoticBacteria

Embyo Development

Fungus cells

Immune System Cells

Immune System Cells

Nervous System Cells

Colonies. Associated cells, but still not consider a tissue

Bone cells

Ribosomes

Cromatin

MitochondrionRough EndoplasmicReticulum

Golgi apparatus

LysosomesCytoplasm

Smooth EndoplasmicReticulum

Nucleolus

Nuclear envelope

Plasma Membrane

Centriole

Animal Cell (heterotroph)

Cytoskeleton

Cilia and Flagelum

Ribosomes

Cromatin

Golgi apparatus

NucleolusNuclear envelope

Plasma Membrane

Centriole

(heterotroph)

Cytoskeleton

Cilia and Flagelum

Mitochondrion

Rough Endoplasmic

Reticulum

Lysosomes

Cytoplasm

Smooth EndoplasmicReticulum

(Microtubule)

Vacuole

Vesicle

Cell Wall

Plasma Membrane

Plant Cell(autotroph)

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Mitochondrion

Starch grainChloroplast

Vacuole

Mitochondrion

Mitochondrion ridges

Outer Membrane

InnerMembrane

Made of two membrane the inner is highly folded (folds and ridges)

Back

Performs the cellular respiration (Extract energy

from the Food)

membranous organelles

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Group of membranes forming channels and ducts

Protein synthesis (in the ribosomes) connects the cell for inner transport of materials Back

membranous organelles

Nucleic Acids in the nucleus can be in two conditions

Chromatin Chromosome

Non-Membranous Organelles

Chormosome Structure

DNA

Non- membranous organelles

Chromosome 12

Heterochromosomes X y Y

Non-Membranous Organelles

“Super-Rolled” or “super-condensed” condition of DNA occurs during cell division or cell reproduction

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Non-membrabous Organelles

Flattened stack bags of membrane Forming vesicles and cisterns

Membranous Organelles

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Modifies proteins and package them for distribution outside the cell.Also mantains and restores the plasma membrane

Membranous Organelles

Lysosomes

Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes for the breakdown of excess or worn-out cellular substances

Digest and decompose any macromolecule

Back

Membranous Organelles

Grains made of protein fibers and cromatin

Site of ribosome production

Nucleolus

Back

Non-Membranous Organelles

Membrane with pores, called nuclear envelope, contains chromatin (DNA free chains) and the Nucleolus

Control center for the Cell. Contains coded directions for protein synthesis and cell division

Nucleus

Nuclear pores

Back

Membranous Organelles

Plasma Membrane

Phospholipid bilayer, that has protein and carbohydrate embedded in a fluid mosaic

Membranous Organelles

Bounds the cell, and regulates the exchange of materials between the inside and the outside

Membranous Organelles

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Centrioles

Small cylinders, set in 9 groups of 3 (triplets), made of protein microtubules

Non-Membranous Organelles

Non-Membranous Organelles

Centrioles are the anchor site for mitotic spindle

Only found in animal cells and a some protist cells (heterotrophs)

Back

Non-Membranous Organelles

Non- Membranous Organelles

Subunitp

Subunits

Small bodies made of protein and RNAr, arranged in two subunits

In the ribosomes takes place the synthesis or construction of proteins

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Thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that sorrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, protectinc the cell and givin it support.

Back

Non-Membranous Organelles

Cell wall is made of a carbohydrate polymer called cellulose.

Chloroplasts

A double-membrane organelle. The inner membrane forms many small disk-shaped compartments called thylakoids, containig chlorophyll

Membranous Organelles

Captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy (carbohydrats) through a process called photosynthesis

Back

Membranous Organelles

A membrane-bound vesicle regular to big size

For the temporary storage of materials

Membranous Organelles

Vacuole

Back

CytoskeletonNon-Membranous Organelles

Non-Membranous Organelles

Long hollow microtubes of protein and protein strands

They operate as "Rails" in the transport vesicles

gives a definite but elastic form the cell

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A framework fir the cell within the cytoplasmCytoskeleton

Non-Membranous Organelles

Cilia & Flagella

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