Date post: | 04-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | basil-horton |
View: | 216 times |
Download: | 0 times |
CELLULAR FUNCTIONS
SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY
MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS:1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION2. DIGESTION3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Transfer of chemical energy (glucose) into ATP ATP is a high energy molecule that gives us
usable energy Two types:
aerobic (with oxygen) anaerobic (without oxygen)
Equation for Aerobic Respiration: SUGAR + OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: LOCATION The mitochondria is the site of aerobic
respiration Most ATP is made here which is why it is
called the powerhouse of the cell Reactions which make ATP occur in the matrix
and cristae on the mitochondria
MITOCHONDRIA STRUCTURE Outer membrane:
Protects the mitochondria Lets small molecules in and
out Inner membrane:
Contains proteins that function to make ATP
Cristae: Infolded parts of inner
membrane Increase the area available to
have reactions which make ATP
Matrix: Contains proteins and
mitochondrial DNA Helps with making ATP
DIGESTION Digestion takes place in the lysosomes Inside a lysosome is very acidic which helps it
break down: Cellular waste products Broken cell organelles Bacteria
Lysosomes are very numerous in leukocytes (white blood cells) which fight off diseases and viruses
DIGESTION OF FOOD Lysosomes also break down fats,
carbohydrates and proteins into simple compounds
These compounds are then returned to the cytoplasm to be used by the cell
Lysosomes use enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum which are modified in the Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes bud off of the Golgi apparatus
DIGESTION IN THE LYSOSOME
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein is made up of a chain of amino acids
which are small molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and several other atoms
Examples of proteins are hormones, enzymes (used for digestion) and structural proteins
Numerous organelles are involved in the synthesis of protein
PROTEIN SYNTHESISCELL PART ROLE IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
CELL MEMBRANE
Releases the protein from the cell
NUCLEUS •DNA has instructions for making the protein•RNA copies DNA•RNA takes these instructions out of the nucleus and to the ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
RIBOSOMES Reads the code from the RNA The code specifies a specific chain of amino acids
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
RER contains the ribosomes that make the proteinSER is where fats and carbohydrates are added to the protein
GOLGI APPARATUS
Fats and proteins are packaged here ready to be released outside the cell
MITOCHONDRIA Produces energy for the cell so it can make protein
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS