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CELLULAR RESPIRATIONChemical Pathways
Chapter 9-1
http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg
___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food
AUTOTROPHShttp://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif
In the last chapter green plants used ________________ totrap energy from __________ and make ______________
sunlightfood (glucose)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif
In this chapter, we will learn how this glucose is ____________ by organisms and the _______ is stored as _______ in a process called___________________
What kind of organisms do this?
energybroken down
ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
________(Including _______)
ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY!
What kind of organisms do this?
plants fungi bacteria__________________ animalshumans
We get the energy the plants stored as glucose by _____________ directly or eating the _________ that ate the plants.
How do we get the sugar from the plants?
Image from: http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif http://www.cibike.org/Eating.htm
REMEMBER!
_______________ get their energy by eating other organisms.
HETEROTROPHS
eating plantsanimals
REMEMBER CELL BIO
Area with gel-like material
inside cell membrane
surrounding mitochondria
= ______________________
Power plant of cell
that burns glucose
and stores the energy
as ATP
= _______________mitochondria
CYTOPLASM
Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html
http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg
MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plantSurrounded by ___________ membrane
Outer membrane & Inner membrane (called
_______________ )
Space between inner membrane & outer membrane
= ____________________
Space inside cristae folds
= _________________
CYTOPLASM surrounds mitochondria
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
DOUBLE
MATRIX
CRISTAE
All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs)use the _____________ tocharge up their _______
Image from: http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html
energy in foodATP
This process of releasing the energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________
Image by Riedell Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe
ATPCELLULAR RESPIRATION
CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens __________ in ________________.
If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________!
http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif
slowly many steps
light and heat
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
___________ + _________ + ___________ →_______________ + __________6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6O2
_____________ + _________ →________ + __________ + __________
______________________________________________________________
CELLULAR RESPIRATIONC6H12O6 6O2
6 CO2 6 H2O
The two equations are exact opposites!
UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY
Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water 1◦ Celsius = _______________
Unit for measuring energy in food
= _______________
1 Calorie = _________ calories
Calorie
calorie
1000
http://www.raytechcatalog.com/images/products/mainstay_food_3600_nutrition.gif
http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/sftheory/images/boilingif
________ + _________ → ____________
Remember from Photosynthesis?
High energy electron carrier = ___________
Cellular respiration uses some different carriers to transport high energy electrons.
_______ & ________NAD+ FAD
NAD+________ + _________ → ____________2 e- + H+
FAD
NADP+
2 e- + 2H+
See glycolysis movie
The first step in cellular respiration = __________________
Glycolysis happens inthe ________________outside the mitochondria
GLYCOLYSIS
CYTOPLASM
Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ LYSIS= ___________ )
Glycolysis ____________________________BUT it needs some ____________to get it started.
What molecule do you think is going tosupply the energy do this?
split apart
DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN
ATP
sweet
ENERGY
________
↓___________ → → _____________
↓
____________________ + _______________
GLUCOSE
2 PYRUVIC ACID
PUT IN ________ and GET BACK __________ Net gain of ________ and __________
2 ATP’s 4 ATP’s
GLYCOLYSIS
2 ATP’s 2 NADH
ATP ATP ATP ATP NADH NADH
PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP
IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________)
IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________)
= ANAEROBIC
= AEROBIC
PYRUVIC ACID ___________ OXYGEN
2 kinds of fermentation
___________________ & _____________________
ANAEROBIC
Alcoholic Lactic acid
WITHOUT
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
PYRUVIC ACID
ALCOHOL
Happens when yeast makes bread dough riseCO2 bubbles make _____________ in bread
Alcohol _______________ during cooking
CO2 NAD+
http://www.deliciousdelicious.com/archives/herb%20bread%201.jpg
air spaces
evaporates
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
PYRUVIC ACID
ALCOHOL
Happens when___________ make _______
or
____________ make ______
CO2 NAD+
http://www.firstpath.com/images/alcohol.jpg
yeast beer
bacteria wine
_______ +_____ →______________ + ________
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
PYRUVIC ACID
LACTIC ACID
Happens in _____________ during ____________when body can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough.
Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness
NAD+
http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg
exercise
muscles
_______ +_____ →______________ + ________
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
PYRUVIC ACID
LACTIC ACID
Happens when bacteria are used to make __________and ____________ like: Yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut, pickles, cheesesour cream, & kimchi
NAD+
http://chronicle.augusta.com/images/headlines/032200/DANNON_YOGURT.jpghttp://www.reillydairy.com/natural_cheese.html
foodbeverages
WITHOUT OXYGEN, PYRUVIC ACID ___________ and all the _______ carriers get full.
Eventually glycolysis will
WHY DO FERMENTATION?WHY NOT JUST KEEP MAKING ATP USING GLYCOLYSIS?
builds up
NAD+
NAD+
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____
FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________ needed to keep glycolysis going
PYRUVIC ACID
ALCOHOL
→
CO2 NAD+
REGENERATE the NAD+
LACTIC ACID NAD+
→
You get the NAD+ carriers back
______
Flooded Corn Field
plants need ______________________ too. If plants seeds are under water 3 days or more, the seeds will die. If a plants roots are under water for 3 days or more, the plants will die.
By:http://skyways.lib.ks.us/towns/ElkCity/2007flood.html
Plants do
____________
but
photosynthesis
oxygen for cellular respiration