CEMENT STABILIZATION SAND

Cement stabilization sand

Project steps

1. Study of natural sand

2. Study of mix design sand + cement

3. Study of mix design sand + cement + fiber

Cement stabilization sand

Study of natural sandParticle sizeParticle size

90

100

90

100 C F C M F C M F C M F M GRAVEL SAND SILT CLAY

40

50

60

70

80

(%)

40

50

60

70

80WithheldPassing

0

10

20

30

40

0

10

20

30

40

0,00010,0010,010,1110100Particle size (mm)

Cumulative Histogram

70 0

Frequency

0 0

60 0

80,0

100,0

120,0

%

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

%

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

%0 0

20,0

40,0

60,0%

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

%

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

%0,0

-5,0 -4,0 -3,0 -2,0 -1,0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0φ

0,0-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

φ

,-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

φ

Cement stabilization sand

Study of natural sand

6060DEFORMATION50 00

DEFORMATION50 00

SHEAR STRENGHTSHEAR STRENGHT

40

50

60

/m2 )

40

50

60

/m2 )

-50,00

-40,00

-30,00

100)

-50,00

-40,00

-30,00

100) 40,00

50,00

60,00

2 )

40,00

50,00

60,00

2 )

10

20

30

τ (k

N/

10

20

30

τ (k

N/

-20,00

-10,00

0,00

Δy

(mm

/ 1

-20,00

-10,00

0,00

Δy

(mm

/ 1

10,00

20,00

30,00

τ (k

N/m

10,00

20,00

30,00

τ (k

N/m

00,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00

σ (kN/m 2)

00,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00

σ (kN/m 2)

10,00

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00

Δx (mm)

10,00

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00

Δx (mm)

0,00

,

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00

Δx (mm)

0,00

,

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00

Δx (mm)

C (kN/m2): 5.63

Φ (°) : 31.62

Cement stabilization sand

Study of mixture sand + 3-6% cement

C ti f i tCompaction of mixtureStudy of mixture sand + 6% cement

14,5014,50

14,10

14,20

14,30

14,40

(kN

/m3 )

14,10

14,20

14,30

14,40

(kN

/m3 )

Study of mixture sand + 3% cement 13,70

13,80

13,90

14,00

Dry

den

sity

13,70

13,80

13,90

14,00

Dry

den

sity

Study of mixture sand + 3% cement

14 60

14,80

15,00

14 60

14,80

15,0013,50

13,60

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00 14,00

Water (%)

13,50

13,60

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00 14,00

Water (%)

13 80

14,00

14,20

14,40

14,60

ensi

ty (k

N/m

3 )

13 80

14,00

14,20

14,40

14,60

ensi

ty (k

N/m

3 )

Th i l i b

13 00

13,20

13,40

13,60

13,80

Dry

de

13 00

13,20

13,40

13,60

13,80

Dry

de There is no correlation between water

content and degree of densification

13,000,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00

Water (%)

13,000,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00

Water (%)

Cement stabilization sand

Study of mixture sand + 3% cementCompressive strenght

Compressive strenght/ Dry density

0,25

Compressive strenght

0,15

0,20

tren

ght (

Mpa

)

0,05

0,10

Com

pres

sive

s

0,0013,65 13,7 13,75 13,8 13,85

Dry density (kN/m3)

Compressive strenght/water

0,14

0,16

0,18

0,20

(Mpa

)

0 04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12

Com

pres

sive

str

engh

t (

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00

Water (%)

Cement stabilization sand

Study of mixture sand + 3% cementCompressive strenght

Compressive strenght/ Dry density

0,70

Compressive strenght

0,40

0,50

0,60

str

engh

t (M

pa)

0 00

0,10

0,20

0,30

Com

pres

sive

0,0013,6 13,65 13,7 13,75 13,8 13,85 13,9 13,95 14

Dry density (kN/m3)

Compressive strenght/Water

0 40

0,50

0,60

0,70

ght (

Mpa

)

0,10

0,20

0,30

0,40

Com

pres

sive

str

eng

0,00

,

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00 14,00

Water (%)

Cement stabilization sand

Study of mixture sand - cement

C lid t d D i d t i i l i t tConsolidated Drained triaxial compression test

This test is performed Standard sampleThis test is performedon mixtures of sand +cement and sand +

fib Th

Standard sampleLarge diameter Sample7.6

cement + fiber. The testwas conducted usingsamples of large

10.00 cm

2 cmsamples of largediameter (10 cmdiameter, height 20 cm) 203.81 cm 0.00 cmm

Cement stabilization sand

Study of mixture sand + 3% cementConsolidated Drained triaxial compression testConsolidated Drained triaxial compression test

C (kN/m2): 32.00

φ (°): 33.42

Cement stabilization sand

Study of mixture sand + 3% cement+ fiberConsolidated Drained triaxial compression testConsolidated Drained triaxial compression test

C (kN/m2): 37.00

φ (°): 34.10

Cement stabilization sand

Study of mixture sand + 6% cementConsolidated Drained triaxial compression testConsolidated Drained triaxial compression test

C (kN/m2): 62.00

φ (°): 35.80

Cement stabilization sand

Study of mixture sand + 6% cement+ fiberConsolidated Drained triaxial compression testConsolidated Drained triaxial compression test

C (kN/m2): 72.00

φ (°): 36.60

Cement stabilization sand

Comparison of resultsCompressive strenghtCompressive strenght

% Compressive

0 ,7 70 ,7 7

% Cement

pstrenght (kN/m2)

% Water

3 0 18 3 6 0 ,5

0 ,6

5

6

0 ,5

0 ,6

5

6

3 0.18 3.6

6 0.6 6.50 ,4

nght

(kN

/m2)

4

%)

0 ,4

nght

(kN

/m2)

4

%)

0 ,3

Com

pres

sive

str

e3

Wat

er (%

0 ,3

Com

pres

sive

str

e3

Wat

er (%

0 ,2

C

2

C o m p r e s s iv e s t r e n g h t

W a te r

0 ,2

C

2

C o m p r e s s iv e s t r e n g h t

W a te r

0

0 ,1

0

1

0

0 ,1

0

1

00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

C e m e n t (% )

000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

C e m e n t (% )

0

Cement stabilization sand

Comparison of resultsDirect Shear test

80

Direct Shear test

60

70

30

40

50

C (k

N/m

2 )

36

37

10

20

30

Sand + cementSand + cement + fiber

350

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Cement (%)

Mixture Φ (°) C’ (kN/m2)33

34φ (°

)

Natural sand 31.62 5.63

Sand + 3% cement 33.42 32.00

Sand + 3% cement + fiber 34.1 37.00

32 Sand + cementSand + cement + fiber

Sand + 6% cement 35.8 62.00

Sand + 6% cement + fiber 36.60 72.00

310 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Cement (%)

Cement stabilization sand

Conclusions

•For monogranular sands there is not correlation between degree of densificationand water contentIl

•The value of φ was not significantly influenced both by the addition of onlycement and the addition of cement plus fiber

•The value of cohesion has increased considerably with the addition of cement,has also seen a further increase with the addition of fiber