1 ONS CENSUS 2011 MIDDLESBROUGH THEMATIC REPORTS PROGRAMME EMPLOYMENT IN MIDDLESBROUGH CONTENTS PAGE Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 2 2. Background 3 3. Methodology 3 4. Main findings 4 5. Key results (Employment) 5 5.1. Middlesbrough findings overall and national benchmarking 5 5.2. Longitudinal analysis – changes since 2001 7 5.3. Middlesbrough wards 8 5.4. Detailed characteristics analysis 9 6. Conclusions, implications and future policy challenges 10 Appendix 1. Tabulations and key facts (at a glance) 11 Appendix 2. Census Atlas 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Based on a range of indicators for measuring economic activity, Middlesbrough performs significantly below the national average. • The overall employment rate in Middlesbrough in 2011 was 51.2%, compared with 61.9% nationally, whilst the proportion of those who were unemployed in Middlesbrough in 2011 (7.6%) was significantly higher than the national rate (4.4%). • The highest rate of employees from Middlesbrough (14.8%) where appointed to elementary occupations in 2011, compared with 11.1% nationally. • The largest industry of employment in Middlesbrough in 2011 was attributed to public sector services where those retained in health and social work, education, and general public administration was 32.4%, compared with 28.4% nationally. • The proportion of lone parents in part time work increased significantly during the past ten years, from 25.5% in 2001, up by 7.6%, to 33.1% in 2011. • Whilst manufacturing shrank significantly between 2001 and 2011 in Middlesbrough, most public sector industries expanded during this period or remained relatively stable and in line with previous census results. • At ward level, there are significant variations or inequalities in the levels of economic activity and inactivity between wards in Middlesbrough.
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ONS CENSUS 2011
MIDDLESBROUGH THEMATIC REPORTS PROGRAMME
EMPLOYMENT IN MIDDLESBROUGH CONTENTS PAGE Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 2 2. Background 3 3. Methodology 3 4. Main findings 4 5. Key results (Employment) 5 5.1. Middlesbrough findings overall and national benchmarking 5 5.2. Longitudinal analysis – changes since 2001 7 5.3. Middlesbrough wards 8 5.4. Detailed characteristics analysis 9 6. Conclusions, implications and future policy challenges 10 Appendix 1. Tabulations and key facts (at a glance) 11 Appendix 2. Census Atlas 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• Based on a range of indicators for measuring economic activity, Middlesbrough
performs significantly below the national average. • The overall employment rate in Middlesbrough in 2011 was 51.2%, compared
with 61.9% nationally, whilst the proportion of those who were unemployed in Middlesbrough in 2011 (7.6%) was significantly higher than the national rate (4.4%).
• The highest rate of employees from Middlesbrough (14.8%) where appointed to elementary occupations in 2011, compared with 11.1% nationally.
• The largest industry of employment in Middlesbrough in 2011 was attributed to public sector services where those retained in health and social work, education, and general public administration was 32.4%, compared with 28.4% nationally.
• The proportion of lone parents in part time work increased significantly during the past ten years, from 25.5% in 2001, up by 7.6%, to 33.1% in 2011.
• Whilst manufacturing shrank significantly between 2001 and 2011 in Middlesbrough, most public sector industries expanded during this period or remained relatively stable and in line with previous census results.
• At ward level, there are significant variations or inequalities in the levels of economic activity and inactivity between wards in Middlesbrough.
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1. INTRODUCTION
1. The main purpose of the report is to provide council colleagues with a detailed analysis of key census statistics for Middlesbrough (employment), as part of a wider programme of internal census reporting for the council. The council’s Corporate Management Team (CMT) is keen to express the importance of maximising the uses of census data for service planning and development activities in such a difficult climate for public services.
2. Initial dissemination of top‐level census data (employment) and other key statistics by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and Tees Valley Unlimited (TVU) highlighted the need to undertake additional detailed analysis of the census data that was exclusive to Middlesbrough Council.
3. Following the first release of key census data in 2012 by ONS and the related release of overarching findings for the Tees Valley by TVU, the council produced its own internal summaries of top‐level census statistics for Middlesbrough that were circulated during 2012 and early 2013. These reports were presented initially to the council’s Corporate Management Team (CMT) and other management team and political group meetings (DMT, Members and Executive). Discussions with managers and other members of staff prioritised further analysis and reporting of key census outputs for Middlesbrough, running parallel to the TVU work programme (and tied in with the national publication of census data), that were subsequently approved by the Corporate Management Team. The programme of agreed internal thematic reports and main topics of analysis is set out as follows:
ONS Census 2011: Agreed Thematic Reports
Structure and Titles
Main Topics
1. Population and Identity 2. Health and Care 3. Education and Qualifications 4. Housing Status and Household Structures 5. Poverty and deprivation 6. Employment, industry and economy
Total population, Age, gender, ethnicity, religion, national identity, language Long term illness, general health, unpaid care Qualification status, no qualifications Housing type, tenure, central heating, over crowding, household composition / family types Census deprivation index, workless households, other official proxy indicators Economic activity, occupation, industry of employment
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2. BACKGROUND
4. The national census was undertaken by ONS on 27th March 2011. The census provides complete coverage of the whole population and is used for a variety of reasons, including the planning of public services, both at national and local level, and in the calculation of local authority funding settlements.
5. Maximising response rates from the census is very important to ensure an accurate count of the entire population, which is linked to the process for calculating the council’s Revenue Support Grant (RSG). In 2011, the response rate for Middlesbrough was 93% (the same as in 2001) and the national response rate was 94%.
6. Multiple challenges from local authorities nationally to the population estimates derived from the previous census generated additional revenue for the council but also led to the development of improved methodologies and procedures in relation to quality assurance, that have significantly increased the validity of the latest census results and presented the local authority with limited opportunities to challenge the reliability of the recent census return. 3. METHODOLOGY
7. Due to the depth and breadth of the census results, the Office for National Statistics takes a phased approach regarding the release of the many data outputs that are generated from the national census. For the 2011 census it was decided that statistics would be released in four key stages during 2012 and 2013, with each stage comprised of several separate releases of statistics at various levels of geography.
8. The report presented here for employment forms part of a series of six internal reports that will cover the main themes and topics contained in the census datasets. This programme of thematic reports has been informed by, and is in line with, the rolling programme of detailed census reports that are produced by Tees Valley Unlimited (Economic Strategy and Intelligence Service) as part of their own reporting process of key census outputs. Of course, the content and timescales for the analysis and reporting of the census datasets by the council and TVU is dependent on the national schedule for the release of census statistics.1 1 Further information and results are available from ONS, who disseminate a wide range of publications and data‐sets derived from the census, including a release calendar, on their website at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide‐method/census/2011/index.html. Tees Valley Unlimited (TVU) also provide regular updates on progress with the 2011 census, including local reports and related documents, and timelines for national release of publications by the ONS, from their website at: https://www.teesvalleyunlimited.gov.uk/tees‐valley‐unlimited/information‐hub/economic‐intelligence.aspx
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4. MAIN FINDINGS
9. The main findings that are presented below provide a detailed picture of population and identity census statistics for Middlesbrough that are structured as follows:
Middlesbrough overall and selected benchmarking (Middlesbrough Council, Tees Valley, Regional, National, Statistical Neighbour)
Middlesbrough wards (Geographical variations and inequalities – wards with highest and lowest rates)
Longitudinal analysis (Changes between 2001 and 2011 – local authority and ward changes over time)
Detailed characteristics analysis (Cross‐tabulations of two or more topics to show interplay between questions)
Evidence of impact (Interventions identified and evidence of impact)
Conclusions (Emerging issues, implications and future policy challenges)
10. In addition to the information that is presented here there are a wide range of
census resources and analysis tools available, which include, but are not exclusive to:
Area profiles and other outputs from the Council’s Intranet census pages2 (View or download Middlesbrough profile, ward profiles, locality / hub profiles – currently under development)
Census Interactive from ONS3 (Create interactive maps and charts easily and quickly to uncover local census picture)
NOMIS Table Finder and the Detailed Characteristics series4 (View or download data for selected tables/cross‐tabulations, from a list of hundreds)
TVU Interactive Area Profiles5 (Produce area profiles for Tees Valley councils including maps, data tables and charts)
11. Further selected tables and cross‐tabulations from key census questions and topics
related to this theme can be found at Appendix 1. Selected, key maps for this theme can be found at Appendix 2.
2 Visit the Council’s Intranet Census pages at: http://it‐intranet/index.aspx?articleid=313 3 Visit ONS Census Interactive at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide‐method/census/2011/index.html 4 Visit NOMIS Table Finder and Detailed Characteristics series at: http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011 5 Visit TVU Interactive Area Profile site at: https://www.teesvalleyunlimited.gov.uk/InstantAtlas/Census/atlas.html
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5. KEY RESULTS: EMPLOYMENT
Employment
Topic
Indicator / question (response category)
Economic activity Occupation of employment Industry of employment
Full time / part time working, self‐employed, unemployed, employment rate, lone parent employment All categories (9) ranging from managers and professionals through to elementary occupations All categories (11) covering all major sectors and industries of employment
5.1. Middlesbrough overall and national benchmarking
Economic activity Middlesbrough2011 (%)
England2011 (%)
DifferenceLocal‐national (%)
In part time work In full time work Self employed Unemployed Employment rate Lone parents in full time work Lone parents in part time work
15.0 31.1 5.1 7.6 51.2 17.3 33.1
13.738.5 9.7 4.4 61.9 26.0 33.4
+1.3‐7.4 ‐4.6 +3.2 ‐10.8 ‐8.7 ‐0.3
12. Based on a range of indicators for measuring economic activity, Middlesbrough
performs significantly below the national average. The overall employment rate in Middlesbrough in 2011 was 51.2%, compared with 61.9% nationally. Almost one third of the town’s total population (31.1%) were engaged in full time work, compared with 38.5% nationally, whilst the rate of those who were engaged in part time employment in 2011 was slightly higher in Middlesbrough (15%) than in the country as a whole (13.7%).
13. As expected, the proportion of those who were unemployed in Middlesbrough in 2011 (7.6%) was significantly higher than the national rate (4.4%). Added to this, the proportion of lone parents from the town who were in full time employment was less than one in five (17.3%) compared to the national figure which was equivalent to more than one in four (26%). The rate of lone parents from Middlesbrough who were in part time employment was equivalent to one in three (33.1%), which was also in line with the national rate (33.4%).
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Occupation of employment Middlesbrough
2011 (%) England2011 (%)
Difference Local‐national (%)
Managers Professionals Assistant professional and technical Administrative and secretarial Skilled trades Personal services Sales and customer services Process plant operators Elementary occupations
7.113.3 9.5 10.2 11.8 12.2 11.1 10.1 14.8
10.817.4 12.7 11.4 11.5 9.4 8.4 7.2 11.1
‐3.7 ‐4.1 ‐3.2 ‐1.2 +0.3 +2.8 +2.7 +2.9 +3.7
14. In terms of occupation of employment, the largest proportion of employees from
Middlesbrough (14.8%) were appointed to elementary occupations in 2011 (categorised as unskilled workers under the previous occupation classification scheme), compared with 11.1% nationally. Professional workers made up the second largest category of occupation in Middlesbrough in 2011 (13.3%), compared with the England average of 17.4%, whilst the aggregated rate of white collar occupations overall (including managers, professional, assistant professional and technical, and administrative and secretarial) was equivalent to 40.1% (or four in ten) in Middlesbrough in 2011, compared with the national rate of 52.3% (or more than five in ten).
Industry of employment Middlesbrough2011 (%)
England2011 (%)
Difference Local‐national (%)
Agriculture, fishing, mining, utilitiesManufacturing Construction Retail and wholesale Hotels and catering Transport and communication Financial, real‐estate, business services Public administration Education Health and social work Other
15. Perhaps as expected, the largest industry of employment in Middlesbrough in 2011
was attributed to public sector services, where the combined rate of employment for those retained in health and social work, education, and general public administration industries was 32.4% (equivalent to approximately one in three of the local workforce), compared with 28.4% nationally. Other large industries of employment locally included retail and wholesale (16.7%), which was broadly in line with the national figure (15.9%), and financial, real estate and other business services (12.7%), although this figure was quite well below the national rate of 17.2%.
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5.2. Longitudinal analysis – changes since 2001
Economic activity Middlesbrough2001 (%)
Middlesbrough 2011 (%)
Difference 2001‐2011 (%)
In part time work In full time work Self employed Unemployed Employment rate Lone parents in full time work Lone parents in part time work
13.2 31.8 3.9 6.2 48.9 13.0 25.5
15.031.1 5.1 7.6 51.2 17.3 33.1
+1.8‐0.7 +1.2 +1.4 +2.3 +4.3 +7.6
16. When ONS Census data is studied to show the key changes that take place over time
there are a number of interesting trends which emerge from the data regarding economic activity. Reassuringly, the overall employment rate in Middlesbrough increased over the previous ten years, from 48.9% in 2001, up to 51.2% in 2011. This increase in the overall employment rate for the town was largely attributable to increases in the self‐employed working population and those engaged in part time working. Perhaps most notably in terms of the changes in economic activity since 2001, the proportion of lone parents in part time work increased significantly during the past ten years, from 25.5% in 2001, up by 7.6%, to 33.1% in 2011. However, it is worth noting that the proportion of unemployed residents also increased during the same period in Middlesbrough, from 6.2% in 2001 up to 7.6% in 2011, which is partially explained by the larger numbers of people who were actively seeking entry into the labour market during this period.
Occupation of employment Middlesbrough2001 (%)
Middlesbrough 2011 (%)
Difference 2001‐2011
(%) Managers Professionals Assistant professional and technical Administrative and secretarial Skilled trades Personal services Sales and customer services Process plant operators Elementary occupations
10.08.7 12.2 11.9 12.1 8.9 10.1 10.2 15.9
7.113.3 9.5 10.2 11.8 12.2 11.1 10.1 14.8
‐2.9 +4.6 ‐2.7 ‐1.7 ‐0.3 +3.3 +1.0 ‐0.1 ‐1.1
17. In relation to occupation of employment and changes in trends over time, perhaps
the most notable observation relates to the significant increase in the rate of professional occupations during the past ten years, which shows an expansion of 4.6% in this occupation of employment, from 8.7% in 2001, up to 13.3% in 2011. This significant increase in professional occupations was offset by some notable decreases from within the white collar occupations overall, including managers (‐2.9%), assistant professional and technical (‐2.7%), and administrative and secretarial (‐1.7%). Added to this, the largest occupation classification in Middlesbrough, which relates to elementary occupations, also showed a decrease during the previous ten years, down from 15.9% in 2001 to 14.8% in 2011.
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industry of employment Middlesbrough2001 (%)
Middlesbrough 2011 (%)
Difference 2001‐2011
(%) Agriculture, fishing, mining, utilitiesManufacturing Construction Retail and wholesale Hotels and catering Transport and communication Financial, real‐estate, business services Public administration Education Health and social work Other
18. In terms of industry of employment in Middlesbrough, the most significant change
that took place over the previous ten year period relates to the manufacturing industry, which decreased significantly by 4.7% during this period, down from 14.4% in 2001 to 9.7% in 2011. The most notable increase in relation to industry of employment relates to health and social work which expanded by 2.5% since the previous census, up from 14.2% in 2001 to 16.7% in 2011. Other public sector industries also increased during this period, including education (+1.1%), or they remained relatively stable and in line with previous census results. 5.3. Middlesbrough wards
Economic activity in Middlesbrough wards in 2011
Ward
Economically active (numbers) Economically inactive (numbers) Full time
employment Part time
employment Unemployed Retired Students Looking after
19. At ward level, there are significant variations or inequalities in the levels of economic
activity and inactivity between wards in Middlesbrough. In terms of the economically active population who live in the town, the number of residents who were occupied in full time employment ranged from 2,749 in Coulby Newham to just 529 in Middlehaven, whilst the highest numbers of the population who were appointed in part time employment were situated in the Linthorpe ward (1,018) and the lowest numbers were again situated in the Middlehaven ward (296). The proportion of unemployed residents living in Middlesbrough wards ranged significantly from just 97 in Marton West to 742 in Gresham.
20. In terms of the economically inactive population, the highest numbers of retired residents were situated in the Brookfield ward (1,025) and the lowest numbers were from within the University ward (244). Intuitively, Middlesbrough’s University ward also contained the largest number of students in the town (1,239), along with Gresham (1,046), whilst the highest number of residents who were economically inactive and looking after the family home, or caring for someone in the home, were also situated in Gresham (456). 5.4. Detailed characteristics analysis
21. The analysis that is presented here is based on the ONS Detailed Characteristics Series, which shows the cross‐tabulations of two or more topics to highlight the interplay between different questions contained in the Census datasets. This section shows a breakdown of the main indicator questions that make up this report, which have been cross‐tabulated (and then presented graphically) by various demographic measures. Appendix 1 provides additional tables showing the interplay of these measures by other variables. See above for details concerning the Detailed Characteristics Series, including guidance on viewing or downloading data for selected tables and cross‐tabulations. Economic activity and gender in Middlesbrough
22. Changes in economic activity in Middlesbrough vary considerably by gender. In
terms of full time employment, males accounted for significantly more occupation in
Changes in economic activity and gender over time in Middlesbrough (%)
43.5
6.2 8.9
53.8
21.7 20.9
1.9 3.6
44.4
7
39.1
7.9 9.8
54
22.8 23.3
2.5 5.4
48.6
4.1
Part time Full time Self employed Unemployed Employment rate
Male 2001 Female 2001 Male 2011 Female 2011
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this category in 2011 (39.1%) than females (23.3%), although the rate of females who were engaged in full time employment was higher in 2011 than in 2001, whilst for men the rate had fallen. In relation to part time employment, women accounted for the largest proportion of the workforce who were occupied in this type of work (22.8%) compared to men (7%), although there was an increase in the rate of men who were now working in part time employment in 2011 compared with ten years ago, whilst the rate for women was still broadly in line with the previous census. Males also accounted for the highest proportion of the self‐employed population in 2011 (7.9%) compared to females (2.5%), with both men and women showing slight increases in this type of employment since the previous census. Perhaps as expected, males also accounted for the largest rate of the economically active population who were currently registered as unemployed in 2011 (9.8%) compared to 5.4% for females, whilst both men and women also showed an increase in unemployment over the past ten years. 6. CONCLUSIONS
23. Based on a range of indicators for measuring economic activity, this report shows that Middlesbrough persistently performs significantly below the national average on most variables and that the local rates for unemployment (including the long term unemployed and those who have never worked) have all increased over the previous ten years and are all well above the England average. On a more positive note there are now more people from Middlesbrough who are occupied in part time employment than ten years ago and there are many more lone parents in particular who are now engaged in some form of work than at the previous census.
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Appendix 1. Tables: Employment in Middlesbrough 1.1 Economic activity and age in Middlesbrough
At a glance: economic activity and age in Middlesbrough
• Perhaps as expected, there is a strong linear correlation between the nature of economic activity and inactivity in Middlesbrough with age, where the largest proportion of the economically active population is comprised of younger residents who are under fifty years old, whilst the highest rate of inactivity is for older residents, most of which will be retired.
At a glance: economic activity and ethnicity in Middlesbrough
• The picture of economic activity and ethnicity in Middlesbrough shows disproportionately higher numbers of residents who are from within the minority ethnic groupings and who are economically active than the total white population within the town.
Economic Activity All categories: Age 16 and
over
Age 16 to 49
Age 50 and over
All categories: Economic activity 110,409 65,021 45,388 Economically active: Total 63,752 47,441 16,311 Economically active: In employment: Total 54,709 39,686 15,023 Economically active: In employment: Employee: Total 46,494 33,313 13,181 Economically active: In employment: Employee: Part-time 15,130 10,472 4,658 Economically active: In employment: Employee: Full-time 31,364 22,841 8,523 Economically active: In employment: Self-employed: Total 5,201 3,413 1,788 Economically active: In employment: Self-employed: Part-time
1,648 1,058 590
Economically active: In employment: Self-employed: Full-time
3,553 2,355 1,198
Economically active: In employment: Full-time students 3,014 2,960 54 Economically active: Unemployed: Total 9,043 7,755 1,288 Economically active: Unemployed: Unemployed (excluding full-time students)
Economically inactive: Looking after home or family 5,587 4,441 1,146 Economically inactive: Long-term sick or disabled 7,036 3,383 3,653 Economically inactive: Other 3,442 2,294 1,148
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1.2 Economic activity and ethnicity in Middlesbrough
Economic Activity All categories:
Ethnic group
White: Total
Mixed/multiple ethnic group
Asian/Asian British
Black/African/Caribbean/Black British
Other ethnic group
All categories: Economic activity 110,409 99,351 1,253 7,585 1,150 1,070
Economically active: Total 63,752 57,747 746 4,116 677 466 Economically active: In employment: Total 54,709 49,917 556 3,426 471 339 Economically active: In employment: Employee: Total 46,494 43,257 442 2,206 352 237 Economically active: In employment: Employee: Part-time 15,130 13,931 150 858 86 105 Economically active: In employment: Employee: Full-time 31,364 29,326 292 1,348 266 132 Economically active: In employment: Self-employed: Total 5,201 4,063 53 986 28 71 Economically active: In employment: Self-employed: Part-time
1,648 1,196 13 399 10 30
Economically active: In employment: Self-employed: Full-time
3,553 2,867 40 587 18 41
Economically active: In employment: Full-time students 3,014 2,597 61 234 91 31 Economically active: Unemployed: Total 9,043 7,830 190 690 206 127 Economically active: Unemployed: Unemployed (excluding full-time students)
Economically inactive: Total 46,657 41,604 507 3,469 473 604 Economically inactive: Retired 23,117 22,478 59 519 28 33 Economically inactive: Student (including full-time students) 7,475 5,530 209 1,202 241 293 Economically inactive: Looking after home or family 5,587 4,365 76 939 79 128 Economically inactive: Long-term sick or disabled 7,036 6,579 99 296 25 37 Economically inactive: Other 3,442 2,652 64 513 100 113
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Appendix 2. Census Atlas: Employment in Middlesbrough 2.1. Total economic activity by ward and LSOA in Middlesbrough (includes FT and PT working, self‐employed, unemployed but actively seeking employment, and full time students)
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2.2. Total economic inactivity by ward and LSOA in Middlesbrough (includes retired, student, looking after home or family, long‐term sick or disabled)
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2.3. Total unemployed by ward and LSOA in Middlesbrough
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2.4. Total student population by ward and LSOA in Middlesbrough
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Contact information: Author: Anthony Ruddy (728096) Assistant Chief Executive’s Department Email: [email protected]
