Central Statistical Office (CSO)Zambia

By Cecilia M. Munjita

UN Workshop on Integrating Gender into Statistics 4-7 December 2012, Kampala, Uganda

Outline IntroductionMethodology/ChallengesGender based violence in Zambia by Type of

Violence Physical Sexual Emotional

Help seeking behaviourProperty grabbing

Introduction• CSO collects GBV statistics mainly though

Zambia Demographic and Health Surveys -(ZDHS)

Zambia Sexual Behaviour Survey 2006 Gender Based Violence Survey

• The presentation includes statistics mainly from the ZDHS and a portion from the 2006 GBV report

GDV data collection The ZDHS included a special module

designed to obtain information on the extent to which women in Zambia experience domestic violence

The module focused on the extent of marital violence for females aged 15-45

Methodology• The domestic violence module was administered to

one eligible woman randomly selected in each household with the use of the Kish grid technique (Kish, 1965).

• The module focused on the extent of marital violence, but also obtained information on any physical violence involving perpetrators other than the woman’s current husband (or the last husband for separated or divorced women) that a woman may have experienced since her fifteenth birthday.

• Women who reported recent marital violence were asked whether they had ever told anyone about the violence, and whether they ever sought help.

 

challengeWomen not disclosing issues on domestic

violence. - Thus field staff received special training on

gender based violence; and -Interviews were to be conducted were there

was maximum privacy otherwise, the questions in the domestic violence module were not to be asked.

What Statistics Say!

Physical Violence by Age Group

Age Percent Number

15-19 33.3 1085 

20-24 46.3 1053

25-29 53.7 1024

30-39 52.2 1303

40-49 48.6 770

Physical Violence by Residence

Residence Percent Number

Urban 50.2 2,205

Rural 44.4 3,031

Physical Violence by EducationEducation Percent Number

No education 39.8 543

Primary 49.4 2,850

Secondary 45.8 1,575

More than secondary 39.9 267

Perpetrators of Physical ViolencePerson committing Physical Violence

Marital Status

Ever Married Never Married TotalCurrent Husband/partner 70.3 na 59.6Former Husband/partner 20.2 na 17.1Current Boyfriend 0.1 5.1 0.8Former Boyfriend 2.4 5.7 2.9Father/Step Father 3.7 17.4 5.8Sister/Brother 5 19.2 7.2Daughter/son 0 0.3 0Other Relative 3.7 15.1 5.4Mother in Law 0.3 na 0.2Father in Law 0.0 na 0.0Other in Law 0.4 na 0.6Teacher 2.6 15.2 4.5Employer/someone at work 0.0 0.3 0.1

Police/Soldier 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other 6.3 21.6 8.6

Number of women 2,081 372 2,453

Sexual Violence by Age Group

Current age Percent Number

15-19 15.5 1,085

20-24 20.9 1,053

25-29 22.1 1,024

30-39 22.2 1,303

40-49 20 770

Sexual Violence by ResidenceResidence Percent Number

Urban 23.2 2,205

Rural 18 3,031

Sexual Violence by Level of Education

Education Percent Number

No education 13.6 543

Primary 21.5 2,850

Secondary 19.9 1,575

More than secondary 21.2 267

% Who Reported Specific Persons Who Committed the Violence, by Marital Status

Person committing Sexual Violence

Marital Status

Ever Married Never MarriedCurrent Husband/partner 52.1 NaFormer Husband/partner 18.8 NaCurrent/Former Boyfriend 4.7 17Father 0.2 0.1Step Father 0.1 0Other Relative 4.1 9.8In-law 0.1 2.8Own Friend/Acquaintance 2.7 7.3Family Friend 1.4 5.6Teacher 0.6 1.8Employer/someone at work 0 1.1Police/Soldier 0.2 0Priest/Religious Leader 0 1.1Stranger 8.4 23Other 3.3 7.7Not asked 3.5 22.7Total 850 207

Experience of Physical Violence During Pregnancy

Current age PercentNumber who have ever been pregnant

15-19 9.5 312

20-24 8.7 858

25-29 10.9 958

30-39 11.1 1,262

40-49 6.4 750

Violence During Pregnancy by Residence

Residence Percent Number

Urban 11.3 1,564

Rural 8.6 2,576

Forms of Spousal violence

Percentage of ever married women age 15-49 who have ever

experienced violence by their husband/partner by form of

violence

Forms of Spousal Violence (%)

Forms of Spousal Violence by Residence (%)

Emotional violence

Physical

violence

Sexual violence Number

Residence    Urban   32 52.3 21.1 1,449Rural  21.9 43.7 14.5 2, 461

Help Seeking Behavour of Women Who Ever Experienced Violence by whether they told anyone about the violence or sought help from any source

Help Seeking Behaviour by Residence (%)

Residence

Never told anyone Told someone

Have sought help from any

source

Urban 40 7.3 47.4

Rural 41.6 4.8 45.4

Help Seeking Behaviour by Education (%)

Education Never told

anyoneTold

someone

Have sought help from any

sourceNo education 42.6 4.9 45

Primary 42.4 5.1 44.4

Secondary 36.2 7.2 52.2More than secondary 49.6 10.5 34.7

% Women Who Experienced Violence and Sought Help, by Source of Help

 SourceAny form of Violence

Own Family 69.8

In-laws 38.7

Husband/partner/boyfriend 1

Friend/neighbour 13.9

Religious leader 5

Doctor/medical personnel 0.8

Police 7.2

Social Service 1.1

Other 5.9

Property Grabbing (GBV Survey 2006)

% Distribution of Receipt of Spouse’s Asset/Valuables by Sex and Residence

Receipt of

Spouse’s Assets

All Zambia Rural Urban

Total MaleFemal

eTotal Male

Female

Total MaleFemal

e

Received 58 48 61 51 39 54 73 65 75

Not Received

42 52 39 49 61 46 27 35 25

Population

437,093

95,693

341,400

281,191

62,419

218,772

155,902

33,274

122,628

Reasons for not Receiving any Assets by Sex and Residence (%)

Reasons

All Zambia Rural Urban

Both MaleFemal

eBoth Male Female Both Male Female

Spouse’s family took everything

33 30 35 43 29 49 12 21 10

Threats from spouse’s family

21 6 26 11 10 12 42 - 52

Did not want

17 44 8 13 32 6 24 79 11

Other 29 20 31 32 30 33 21 - 26

Population

231,268

57,818173,45

0155,6

9143,313

112,378

75,577 14,505 61,072

End of Presentation

Thank You!