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8/2/2019 CGE 654 week 1
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Wellbore Completion Conceptsand Designs
Faculty of Chemical Engineering
CGE 654Well
Completion
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Faculty of Chemical Engineering
E-Books
1. Petroleum Engineering Handbook - Howard B. Bradley2. Petroleum Production Systems – Prentice Hall3. Production Operations – Volume 1 & 2 (Well Completion,
Workover & Stimulation)
8/2/2019 CGE 654 week 1
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Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Course Learning Outcomes :
• Define well completion
• Define the objectives of well completions
• Describe the factors affecting well completions
• Recognize many types of well completions
• To identify and describe functions of well completion componentsand equipment
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Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Well Completion:
Definition:
Thedesign
,selection
andinstallation
of tubulars
,tools
andequipment located in the wellbore for the purpose of conveying , pumping or controlling production or injection
fluid
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Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Well Completion:Design and completion objectives(production and injection wells)
1. Provide communication between the reservoir & thewell
2. Provide optimum production/injection performance3. Ensure safety – safe for production oil e.g. to control
sand production. Unconsolidated?consolidated?4. Maximise the integrity and reliability of the completion
over the completed well life5. Minimise the total costs per unit volume of fluid
produces or injected
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Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Well Completion : Design Criteria & ProcessThe well is
drilled TOP toBOTTOM
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The well isdrilled TOP to
BOTTOM
Well Completion : Design Criteria & Process
8/2/2019 CGE 654 week 1
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The well isdrilled TOP to
BOTTOM
Well Completion : Design Criteria & Process
8/2/2019 CGE 654 week 1
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The well isdrilled TOP to
BOTTOM
IDProd Casing
IDTubing
But, isdesigned
BOTTOM toTOP
Production packer
Well Completion : Design Criteria & Process
8/2/2019 CGE 654 week 1
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Factor affecting well completion design
Ideal completion design – the lowest cost completion (consideringinitial and operating costs) that meets (nearly meets) the demandsplaced upon it for most of its life.
Estimate the producing characteristics during the life of the wellmust be made.
Both reservoir and mechanical considerations must be evaluated
8/2/2019 CGE 654 week 1
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Elements of Well Completion Design
Elements
MechanicalConsideration
ReservoirConsideration
Method of Well
Completion
Type of WellCompletion
SpecialStudies
Requirement
Design DataRequirement
DesignProcess
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Factor affecting well completion design
1. Reservoir considerationsinvolve the location of various fluids in the formations penetrated by thewellbore, the flow of these fluids through the reservoir rock, and thecharacteristics of the rock itself • Producing rate
- Provide maximum economic recovery- Starting point for well completion design- Determine the size of production conduit
• Multiple reservoir
- Multiple completions in one drilled hole- Possible problemsMultiple completions inside casing separated by packersCommingling of hydrocarbons from separate reservoirsdownholeDrilling several boreholes from one surface location
8/2/2019 CGE 654 week 1
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Factor affecting well completion design
1. Reservoir considerations (cont.)• Reservoir drive mechanism
determine whether completion interval will have to be adjusted as gas-oilor water-oil contacts move
- Water drive - indicate water production problems- Dissolved gas drive – indicate artificial lift- Dissolved gas and gas drive – declining productivity index and
increasing gas-oil ratio• Secondary recovery
Require a completion method conducive to selective injection orproduction- Water flooding – increase volumes of fluid to be handled- High temperature recovery process – require special casing and
casing cementing materials
8/2/2019 CGE 654 week 1
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Factor affecting well completion design
1. Reservoir considerations (cont.)• Stimulation
- Require special perforating patterns to permit zone isolation- Able to adapt with high injection rate
- High temperature stimulation require special cementing procedures,casing and casing landing practices
• Sand control- Dictate type of completion method and maximum production rates- Reservoir fluid control problems dictate that a less than desirable
type of sand control be used- Sand problem zones always dictate a payoff from careful wellcompletion practices
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Factor affecting well completion design
1. Reservoir considerations (cont.)• Workover frequency
- Probably high due to several reservoirs must be drained through onewellbore
- Dictate a completion conducive to wireline or through-tubing typerecompletion systems
• Artificial lift- Single completions even where multiple zones exist (larger than
normal tubular)
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Factor affecting well completion design
2. Mechanical Considerationsknown as “well hook -up”; key to being able to deplete the reservoireffectively, monitor downhole performance, and modify the well situationwhen necessary
Well completion design (mechanically) – complex engineering problemBasic philosophy – to design to specific well conditions, field conditions andarea condition
• Maximize profit
- Provide maximum economic recovery• Keep the installation simple- Multiple completions in one drilled hole
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Factor affecting well completion design
2. Mechanical Considerations (cont.)• Overall reliability
- Provide maximum economic recovery• Anticipate all operating conditions
- Multiple completions in one drilled hole- Possible problems
• safety
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Completion Techniques
1. Open hole completionSimplest & cheapest completion (noequipment requires to be installed)Not recommended for production orinjection wellIf water/gas breakthrough or migrationinto the wellbore occurs it is difficult toisolate unless the entry (at the baseisolated with cement plug)
Drawback – all zones open to flow, nocontrol
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Completion Techniques
1. Open hole completion (cont.)Borehole may become unstable – collapseor formation @ production of sand mayoccurOpen hole only applied in consolidatedformation in a range of environment;a. Low cost / multi well developmentsb. Deep wells, consolidated with
depletion drive
c. Naturally fractured reservoird. Some horizontal and multi lateral
wells
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Completion Techniques
2. Screen or Pre-slotted Liner CompletionsOnce drilling through is completed – wire-wrapped screen/steel pipe (hasslots)/alternative sand control screenwill be installedPrincipal purpose – to prevent anyproduced sand from migrating withproduced fluids into production flowstring
Success of completion in controllingsand production – depend on screen orslot sizes and the sand particles sizesBut slots may quickly become pluggedand impede flow resulting - loss in
productivity
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Completion Techniques
2. Screen or Pre-slotted Liner Completions(cont.)
Sometimes system used ininclined/high angle to prevent majorborehole collapse or facilitate thepassage of logging toolsLow cost technique (cost of a screen tocover the reservoir interval <cost of acasing string run to surface & cost of
cementing and perforating) Drawback – all zones open to flow, nocontrol
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Completion Techniques
2. Screen or Pre-slotted Liner Completions(cont.)
Application - control production of formation particles from weakerformations:
Reservoir with large &homogeneous sand grainsSome horizontal & multilateralwells
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Completion Techniques
3. Cemented and Perforated Casing/LinerCommon type of completionInstall either a casing string (extend backto surface) @ a liner (extend back intothe shoe of the previous casing string)Cemented in place by the displacementof a cement slurry into annular spacebetween the outside wall of casing andthe borehole wall
Casing and cement sheath will beperforated at selected locations usingexplosive charges contained in aperforating gunProvide flow paths for fluid to enter the
wellbore from formation @ vice versa
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Completion Techniques
3. Cemented and Perforated Casing/Liner(cont.)
Effective completionhydraulic seal being located in thecasing-formation annulus by thecementSuccess primary cement job – provide zonal isolation behind casing
Failure of cement – lead to fluid
migration behind casing to surface intoanother zone
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Completion Techniques
3. Cemented and Perforated Casing/Liner(cont.)
Involves greater costs and timeFull length of casing (from surface tothe base of well)Cost of perforating, cementing andadditional time to complete theboreholeUse of liner – reduce the required
length of tubular & overall cost
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Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Completion Techniques
3. Cemented and Perforated Casing/Liner(cont.)
Ability – Control depletion of individual zonesIsolate the inflow of undesirableproduced fluidsControl the injection of fluids intozones are essential to a largenumber of development
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Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Completion Techniques
Open Hole Gravel PackOpen Hole
PerforatedCasing
PerforatedLiner
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Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Special Study Requirement
• PVT• Core Analysis• Metallurgy• Formation Water/Crude Analysis
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Completion ProcessReservoirReservesPressure
FluidsSaturations
Characteristics
RockZonesProperties
EconomyRevenuesExpenses
FDPNb of WellsArchitectureProd Rates
+Well ConstructionWell TypeMudDrilling particularsCasingsTubing SizeCementing
Well CompletionCompletion FluidPerforationsArtificial LiftCompletionAccessories
Sand ControlStimulation