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L . D . R E Y N O L D S , M . D .

CHAPTER 28:

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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WE WILL DISCUSS

Function Male

Anatomy Physiology

Female Anatomy Physiology

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FUNCTIONS

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FUNCTIONS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM

Produce

Gametes Fertilization

Place of

OrganismDevelopment

Provide

OffspringNourishment

Produce

ReproductiveHormones

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MALE ANATOMY

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES

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ANATOMY OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM

Scrotum Sac that contains the

testes; separated by raphe

Dartos muscle (smoothmuscles that is apart of

superficial fascia)&Cremaster muscle (skeletalmuscle extention of ofabdominal muscles) helpregulate temp.

Perineum

Anterior Border: pubicsymphysis Posterior Border: coccyx Lateral borders: ischial

tuberosities

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TESTES

Small, oval organs that liewithin the scrotum

Both exocrine and endocrine Exocrine: sperm Endocrine: testosterone

Surrounded by tough fibroustunica albuginea Septa divide testes internally into

lobules

Lobules contain seminiferous tubules: make sperm Interstitial (Leydig): secrete

testosterone

Seminiferous tubules tubulirecti rete testis efferentductules

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Seminiferous tubule = 2 cell types

Sustentacular (sertoli) cells: provide nourishment & form Blood Testis BarrierGerm cells: divide to make sperm

Testosterone binds receptors in Sertoli cells

Sertoli cells

Some testosterone dihydrotestosterone & estrogenRelease androgen binding protein into seminiferous tubules

Development of germ cells into sperm

Mitosis spermatogonia / 1 spermatocytesMeiosis I 2 spermatocytesMeiosis II spermatidsSpermiogenesismature sperm (spermatozoan) w/ head (acrosome) &tail

SPERM

ATOGE

NESIS

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SPERMA

TOGEN

ESIS

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DUCTS

Epididymis 3 parts (head, body, tail) that form comma shape on surface of testis Has stereociliated duct (duct of epididymis) that runs within

Between efferent ductules and ductus deferens Site of final sperm maturation

Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens) From tail end of duct of epididymis through inguinal canal to

ejaculatory duct

Apart of spermatic cord Also contains spermatic artery, venous plexus, lymphatics, nerves, coverings

Contains smooth muscle

peristalsis propels sperm

Ejaculatory Duct Ductus deferens + seminal vesicles Enters Urethra

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URETHRA

Passage for urine andsemen

3 parts that run frombladder through penis tooutside Prostatic:

Between bladder &membranous urethra

Receives secretions ofprostate gland andejaculatory ducts

Membranous: Between Prostatic & Spongy

Urethra Through perineum

Spongy: Goes trough penis to outside

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PENIS

Male organ ofcopulation

2 columns of erectiletissue that become

engorged with blood(erection) 2 dorsal columns =

corpus cavernosa 1 ventral column =

corpus spongiosum Contains spongy urethra

Prepuce = foreskincovering

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ACCESSORY GLANDS

Seminal vesicles Empty into ejaculatory duct Produce about 60% of semen Secretion contains fibrinogen High pH

Prostate gland Produces about 30% of semen Thin, milky secretion, high pH Contain clotting factors, and fibrinolysin

Bulbourethral glands Contribute about 5% to semen Releases mucous secretion just before ejaculation Helps neutralize pH of female vagina

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SEMEN

Semen = sperm + accessory gland secretions Urethral mucosa produces mucus Emission: discharge of semen into prostatic urethra Ejaculation: expulsion of semen from urethra

Caused by peristalsis

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MALE PHYSIOLOGY

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FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE

Development of

Male Structures

Development of2 Sex

Characteristics

Maintenance of

Spermatogenesis

Regulation of

GonadotropinSecretion

Behavior

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FEMALE ANATOMY

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MAMMARY GLANDS

Organs of milkproductionlocated in thebreast

Breast suspendedfrom chest wall

via suspensoryligaments

Alveoli lobule lobelactiferous (sinus)duct Myoepithelial

cells: in lactatingwomen; help withmilk ejection