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Energy for lifeECOSYSTEM
Photosynthesisin chloroplasts
Glucose
Cellular respirationin mitochondria
H2O
CO2
O2
(for cellular work)
ATP
Heat energy
Breathing vs Cellular Respiration
• Breathing- gas exchange• Cellular respiration- aerobic harvesting of
energy from food molecules by cells
Cellular Respiration
• Stores energy in ATP
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Glucose Oxygen
6 CO2
Carbondioxide
+ 6 H2O
Water
+ ATPs
Energy
Redox
• Oxidation- loss of e-• Reduction- addition of e-
Loss of hydrogen atoms(oxidation)
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
Gain of hydrogen atoms(reduction)
(ATP)C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Glucose Oxidation
• Dehydrogenase• NAD+
2 H+ + 2 e–
Oxidation
Dehydrogenase
ReductionNAD+ + 2 H NADH + H+
(carries2 electrons)
ETC• Electron Transport Chain
ATPNAD+
NADH
H+
H+2e–
2e–
Electron transport
chain
Controlledrelease ofenergy forsynthesis
of ATP
+
O2
H2O
12
Glycolysis
• Splits sugar• Breaks Glucose into 2
three C sugars• Yields 2 pyruvate
molecules –Net gain of +2 ATP
Glucose
NAD++ 2
2 ADP
NADH2
P2
2
ATP2+
H+
2 Pyruvate
Glycolysis
• Substrate-level phosphorylation– Transfer of P from substrate to ADP
• Energy banked in ATP and NADH
ADP
ATP
Enzyme
Product
Enzyme
P
P
PSubstrate
Stopping the chain
ATP
H+
O2
H2O
12 H+
NAD+NADH
FADH2FAD
PADP +
Chemiosmosis
+ 2
Electron Transport Chain
H+
H+H+
H+
H+H+
ATPsynthase
DNP
H+
H+
H+
Rotenone Cyanide,carbon monoxide
Oligomycin
DNP
ATP yieldCytoplasm
Glucose
FADH2
Mitochondrion
Maximum per glucose:
OXIDATIVEPHOSPHORYLATION(Electron Transportand Chemiosmosis)
CITRIC ACIDCYCLE
Electron shuttleacross membrane
2NADH
2 NADH
2NADH
6 NADH 2
(or 2 FADH2)
2 AcetylCoA
GLYCOLYSIS2
Pyruvate
About38 ATP
about 34 ATP
by substrate-levelphosphorylation
by oxidative phosphorylation
2 ATP
by substrate-levelphosphorylation
2 ATP
FermentationGlucose
NADH
NAD+
2
2 2 ADP
P
ATP2
NADH
2
NAD+
2
2 ADP
P
ATP2
2 Pyruvate
2 Lactate
GL
YC
OL
YS
IS
GL
YC
OL
YS
IS
NADH
NAD+
2
2
NADH2
NAD+2
2 Pyruvate
2 Ethanol
Glucose
CO22
released
2 2