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Principles of Information Systems
Eighth Edition
Chapter 7
The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
2Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others that are still evolving, and still others that will fade away from lack of use– Briefly describe how the Internet works, including
alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers
3Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
• Originally developed as a document-management system, the World Wide Web is a menu-based system that is easy to use for personal and business applications– Describe the World Wide Web and the way it works– Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines,
and other Web tools– Identify and briefly describe the applications
associated with the Internet and the Web
4Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
• Because the Internet and the World Wide Web are becoming more universally used and accepted for business use, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved– Identify who is using the Web to conduct business
and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web shopping
– Outline a process for creating Web content– Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on
the software world
5Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
– Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations are using them
– Identify several issues associated with the use of networks
6Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Why Learn About the Internet?
• Internet is an important part of most people’s lives– Individuals can investigate career opportunities– Businesses sell and advertise online– Employees can communicate with coworkers and
bosses
7Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Use and Functioning of the Internet
• Internet: a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
• ARPANET– Ancestor of the Internet– Project started by the U.S. Department of Defense
(DoD) in 1969
8Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)
• Internet Protocol (IP): communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
• Research to make Internet faster and easier to use– “Digital objects”: allow all types of computer systems
to use and share programs and data– Internet2 (I2), Next Generation Internet (NGI),
Abilene: provide Internet speeds of up to 2 Gbps or more
9Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)
Table 7.1: A Brief History of the Internet
10Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
How the Internet Works
• Internet transmits data from one computer (called a host) to another
• If the receiving computer is on a network to which the first computer is directly connected, it can send the message directly
• If the receiving computer is not on a network to which the sending computer is connected, the sending computer relays the message to another computer that can forward it
11Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
How the Internet Works (continued)
• Data is passed in chunks called packets
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): widely used transport layer protocol that is used in combination with IP by most Internet applications
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL): assigned address on the Internet for each computer
12Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
How the Internet Works (continued)
• Accessing the Internet– Connect via LAN server– Connect via Serial Line Internet Protocol
(SLIP)/Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)– Connect via an online service– Other ways to connect cell phones, PDAs, and home
appliances: e.g., wireless application protocol (WAP) for cell phones
13Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.1: Routing Messages over the Internet
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How the Internet Works (continued)
Table 7.2: U.S. Top-Level Domain Affiliations
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How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.2: Internet Growth: Number of Internet Domain Names
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How the Internet Works (continued)
Figure 7.3: Several Ways to Access the Internet
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Internet Service Providers
• Internet service provider (ISP): any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet
• Most charge a monthly fee
• Many ISPs and online services offer broadband Internet access through digital subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission
18Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Internet Service Providers (continued)
Table 7.3: A Representative List of Internet Service Providers
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Internet Service Providers (continued)
Table 7.4: Approximate Times to Perform Basic Tasks with Various Internet Connections
20Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
The World Wide Web
• Also called the Web, WWW, or W3
• Menu-based system that uses the client/server model
• Organizes Internet resources throughout the world into a series of menu pages, or screens, that appear on your computer
• Hypermedia: tools that connect the data on Web pages, allowing users to access topics in whatever order they wish
21Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
The World Wide Web (continued)
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard page description language for Web pages
• HTML tags: let the browser know how to format text on a Web page and whether images, sound, and other elements should be inserted
• Extensible Markup Language (XML): markup language for Web documents containing structured information, including words, pictures, and other elements
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The World Wide Web (continued)
Figure 7.4: Sample Hypertext Markup Language
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Web Browsers
• Web browser: software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the Web– Menu consists of graphics, titles, and text with
hypertext links– Popular Web browsers: Microsoft Internet Explorer,
Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Computer’s Safari
• Applet: small program embedded in Web pages
• Web browser plug-in: external program that is executed by a Web browser when it is needed
24Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Search Engines and Web Research
• Search engine: Web search tool– Examples: Yahoo.com, Google.com, Bling de
Microsoft
• Most search engines are free
• Searches can use words, such as AND and OR to refine the search
• Meta-search engine: submits keywords to several individual search engines and returns results from all these search engines
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Search Engines and Web Research (continued)
Table 7.6 Popular Search Engines
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Web Programming Languages
• Java– Object-oriented programming language from Sun
Microsystems based on C++– Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded
within an HTML document
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Web Programming Languages (continued)
Figure 7.6: Downloading an Applet from a Web Server
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Web Programming Languages (continued)
• Other programming languages used to develop Web sites– JavaScript– VBScript– ActiveX– Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)
29Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Developing Web Content
• Suggestions for creating a Web page1. Computer must be linked to a Web server
2. Web browser program needed to view the HTML pages you create
3. Options for designing the Web pagea) Write your copy with a word processor, and use an
HTML converter to convert the page into HTML format
b) Use an HTML editor to write text and add HTML tags
c) Edit an existing HTML template to meet your needs
d) Use an ordinary text editor and type the start and end tags for each item
30Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Developing Web Content (continued)
• Suggestions for creating a Web page (continued):1. See HTML page in browser; correct any mistakes
2. Add links to your home page
3. Store pictures as files before adding thema) Draw them using a graphics software package
b) Copy pictures from other Web pages (with permission)
c) Buy a disk of clip art
d) Scan photos
e) Use a digital camera
31Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Developing Web Content (continued)
• Suggestions for creating a Web page (continued):1. Add sound by using a microphone connected to
your computer to create a file, and then adding a link to the file on a Web page
2. Upload the HTML file to your Web site
3. Review the Web page to make sure that all links are correctly established to other Web sites
4. Advertise your Web page to others and encourage them to take a look and send feedback by e-mail
32Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Web Services
• Web services: standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites for business and personal purposes
• XML is used within a Web page to describe and transfer data between Web service applications
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Web Services (continued)
• Other components used in Web service applications:– SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)– WSDL (Web Services Description Language)– UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and
Integration)
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Internet and Web Applications
• The types of Internet and Web applications available are vast and ever expanding
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Business Uses of the Web
• In 1991, Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association was established to allow businesses to connect to the Internet
• Firms use the Internet for many types of applications
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E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Push Technology
• E-mail– No longer limited to simple text messages– Can embed sound and images– Can attach files
• Instant messaging: online, real-time communication between two or more people who are connected to the Internet
• Push technology: automatic transmission of information over the Internet rather than make users search for it with their browsers
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E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Push Technology (continued)
Table 7.7: Some Common Abbreviations Used in Personal E-Mail
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Internet Cell Phones and Handheld Computers
• Cell phones connected to the Internet allow people to search for information, buy products, and chat with business associates and friends
• Short Message Service (SMS) or texting– Brief text messages can be sent between two or
more cell phone users
• Handheld computers and other devices are connected to the Internet using phone lines or wireless connections
39Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Career Information and Job Searching
• Use search engines to look for specific companies or industries
• Internet sites specialize in helping you find job information and apply for jobs online– Examples: www.monster.com, www.hotjobs.com,
and www.careerbuilder.com
40Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Telnet and FTP
• Telnet: terminal emulation protocol that enables users to log on to other computers on the Internet to gain access to public files
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP): protocol that describes a file transfer process between a host and a remote computer and allows users to copy files from one computer to another
41Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting
• Web log or blog: Web site that people create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics
• Video log or vlog: video content placed on the Internet using the same overall approach as a blog
• Podcast: audio broadcast over the Internet– People and corporations use podcasts to listen to
audio material, increase revenues, or advertise products and services
42Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Usenet and Newsgroups
• Usenet: system closely allied with the Internet that uses e-mail to provide a centralized news service– Protocol that describes how groups of messages can
be stored on and sent between computers
• Newsgroups: online discussion groups that focus on specific topics
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Usenet and Newsgroups (continued)
Table 7.8: Selected Usenet Newsgroups
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Chat Rooms
• Chat room: enables two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) requires participants to type their conversation rather than speak
• Voice chat allows participants to speak their conversation– Must have a microphone, sound card, speakers, a
fast modem or broadband, and voice-chat software compatible with the other participants’
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Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services
• Internet phone service– Relatively inexpensive, especially for international
calls
• Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology– Network managers can route phone calls and fax
transmissions over the same network they use for data
• Internet videoconferencing– Supports both voice and visual communications– Webcasts or Webinars
46Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Content Streaming
• Method for transferring multimedia files, radio broadcasts, and other content over the Internet
• Data stream of voice and pictures plays more or less continuously without a break, or with very few breaks
• Enables users to browse large files in real time
• Works best when the transmission of a file can keep up with the playback of the file
47Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Shopping on the Web
• You can shop for almost anything over the Internet
• Convenient, easy, and cost effective
• Many Web sites also offer free shipping and pickup for returned items
• Bot: a software tool that searches the Web for information, products, or prices– Finds the best prices or features from multiple Web
sites
48Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Web Auctions
• Web auction: Internet site that matches buyers and sellers– Businesses grow or reach customers for a low cost
per transaction
• One of the most popular auction sites: eBay
• Potential problems with auction Web sites– Auction sites cannot always determine whether the
people and companies listing products and services are legitimate
– Some Web sites have illegal or questionable items offered
49Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet
• Audio and video programs: play on the Internet or download files for later use
• Music players and music formats such as MP3: download music from the Internet and listen to it anywhere– Musicians can gain exposure without a lucrative
music contract
• Radio broadcasts
• Audio books
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Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet (continued)
• Video and TV are increasingly becoming available on the Internet
• New, innovative devices let you record TV programs and view them at any time and place
• Many content providers offer their programs over the Internet
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Office on the Web
• Internet office: Web site that contains files, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, an appointment calendar, and more– Allows your desktop computer, phone books,
appointment schedulers, and other important information to be with you wherever you are
• Many services and software products give you remote access to your files and programs over the Internet
52Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Internet Sites in Three Dimensions
• Some Web sites offer three-dimensional views of places and products
• Examples– 3-D Internet auto showroom: allows people to get
different views of a car– 3-D real estate site: people can tour the property, go
into different rooms, etc.
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Other Internet Services and Applications
• Libraries: provide vast amounts of information
• Movies: ordered and delivered over the Internet
• Critical information during times of disaster or terrorism
• Translation: words, sentences, or complete documents from one language into another
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Other Internet Services and Applications (continued)
• Distance learning: online courses
• Internet cameras: conduct job interviews; hold group meetings with people around the world; monitor young children at daycare centers, etc.
• Connect with friends or others with similar interests
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Intranets and Extranets
• Intranet: internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products– Used by employees to gain access to corporate
information– Reduces the need for paper
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Intranets and Extranets (continued)
• Extranet: network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
• Virtual private network (VPN): secure connection between two points across the Internet
• Tunneling: process by which VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets over the Internet
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Intranets and Extranets (continued)
Table 7.9: Summary of Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Users
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Net Issues
• Management issues– Preventing attacks
• Service and speed issues– Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on
company intranets
• Privacy
• Fraud
• Security
• Unauthorized Internet sites
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Summary
• Internet: collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
• Internet Protocol (IP): communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
• Packets: Internet data passed in chunks
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): widely used transport layer protocol that is used in combination with IP by most Internet applications
60Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Summary (continued)
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL): assigned address on the Internet for each computer
• World Wide Web: menu-based system that organizes Internet resources into a series of menu pages, or screens, that appear on your computer
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard page description language for Web pages
• Search engine: Web search tool
• Internet and Web applications: e-mail, instant messaging, Internet cell phones, Web logs, newsgroups, Web shopping, etc.
61Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
Summary (continued)
• Intranet: internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards
• Extranet: network based on Web technologies that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
• Network issues: management, service, speed, privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet sites