Ch8-Infectious.ppt

7/23/2019 Ch8-Infectious.ppt

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INFECTIOUSINFECTIOUS

DISEASESDISEASES



DISEASESDISEASES

AAA



Categories of

INFECTIOUS AGENTS• Prions

• *Viruses

• Bacteriophages P!as"i#s Transposons

• *Bacteria

• Ch!a"i#iae $ic%ettsiae &'cop!as"as• *Fungi( )easts 'phae

• Parasites( Proto+oa ,or"s Arthropo#s



C!asses of u"an Pathogens an# Their a-itats

Ta.ono"ic Si+eSite of

Propagation Sa"p!e Species DiseaseViruses /01200 n" O-!igate intrace!!u!ar Po!io3irus Po!io"'e!itis

Ch!a"'#iae /0014000 n" O-!igate intrace!!u!ar Chlamydia trachomatis Tracho"a urethritis

$ic%ettsiae 20014/00 n" O-!igate intrace!!u!ar Rickettsia prowazekii T'phus fe3er

&'cop!as"as 4/51250 n" E.trace!!u!ar Mycoplasma pneumoniae At'pica! pneu"onia

Bacteria 067145 8" Cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus ,oun#

&ucosa! Vibrio cholerae Cho!era

E.trace!!u!ar Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneu"onia

Facu!tati3e intrace!!u!ar Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tu-ercu!osis

Fungi /1/00 8" Cutaneous Trichophyton sp6 Tinea pe#is 9ath!ete:s foot;

&ucosa! Candida albicans Thrush

E.trace!!u!ar Sporothrix schenckii Sporotrichosis

Facu!tati3e intrace!!u!ar Histoplasma capsulatum istop!as"osis

Proto+oa 4150 8" &ucosa! Giardia lamblia Giar#iasis

E.trace!!u!ar Trypanosoma gambiense S!eeping sic%ness

Facu!tati3e intrace!!u!ar Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas #isease

O-!igate intrace!!u!ar eishmania dono!ani <a!a=a+ar

e!"inths 2 ""140 " &ucosa! "nterobius !ermicularis Entero-iasis

E.trace!!u!ar #uchereria bancro$ti Fi!ariasis

Intrace!!u!ar Trichinella s iralis Trichinosis



P$IONS >BSE? 9Co@s; >CD? <uru 9u"ans;

NON=Nuc!eic Aci#

PrP Prion Protein

Diagnostic Test ( N=CO, &AD=CO,

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5aAPEY IL9A

http://www.berro.com/images3/normal_cow_berro.wav

http://www.berro.com/images3/mad_cow_berro_dot_com.wav

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5aAPEYIL9A




http://www.berro.com/images3/mad_cow_berro_dot_com.wav

http://www.berro.com/images3/normal_cow_berro.wav



Bo3ine Spongifor" Encepha!itis Creutsfe!#t=a%o- Disease



VI$USES• ess than "icron usua!!' &UC

!ess

• DNA$NA >CO$E? 9geno"e;

• Protein >CAPSID? 9protein 1NA >coat?;

• So"eti"es a !ipi# >ENVEOPE?

• i"ite# nu"-er of genes co#ing for a!!other structures

• NO consistent na"ing s'ste"

http://images.google.com/images?q=virus&svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&start=0&sa=N

http://images.google.com/images?q=virus&svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&start=0&sa=N



Respiratory A#eno3irus A#eno3iri#ae DS DNA Upper an# !o@er respirator' tract

infections conuncti3itis #iarrhea

$hino3irus Picorna3iri#ae SS $NA Upper respirator' tract infection

Co.sac%ie3irus Picorna3iri#ae SS $NA P!euro#'nia herpangina han#=foot=an#="outh #isease

Corona3irus Corona3iri#ae SS $NA SA$S U$Is

Inf!uen+a3iruses A B

Ortho"'.o3iri#ae SS $NA Inf!uen+a

$espirator's'nc'tia! 3irus

Para"'.o3iri#ae SS $NA Bronchio!itis pneu"onia



%igesti!e&u"ps 3irus Para"'.o3iri#ae SS $NA &u"ps pancreatitis orchitis

$ota3irus $eo3iri#ae DS $NA Chi!#hoo# #iarrhea

Nor@a!% agent Ca!ici3iri#ae SS $NA Gastroenteritis

epatitis A 3irus Picorna3iri#ae SS $NA Acute 3ira! hepatitis

epatitis B 3irus epa#na3iri#ae DS DNA Acute or chronic hepatitis

epatitis D 3irus Viroi#=!i%e SS $NA ,ith BV acute or chronic

hepatitisepatitis C 3irus F!a3i3iri#ae SS $NA Acute or chronic hepatitis

epatitis E 3irus Nor@a!%=!i%e SS $NA Enterica!!' trans"itte#

hepatitis



Systemic with Skin "ruptions&eas!es 3irus Para"'.o3iri#ae SS

$NA &eas!es 9ru-eo!a;

$u-e!!a 3irus Toga3iri#ae SS$NA Ger"an "eas!es 9ru-e!!a;

Par3o3irus Par3o3iri#ae SSDNA Er'the"a infectiosu"

ap!astic ane"iaVaccinia 3irus Po.3iri#ae DS

DNA S"a!!po. 3accine

Varice!!a=+oster 3irus erpes3iri#ae DSDNA Chic%enpo. shing!es

erpes si"p!e. 3irus 4 erpes3iri#ae DSDNA Co!# sore

erpes si"p!e. 3irus / erpes3iri#ae DSDNA Genita! herpes



Systemic with Hematopoietic %isordersC'to"ega!o3irus erpes3iri#ae DS DNA C'to"ega!ic inc!usion #isease

Epstein=Barr 3irus erpes3iri#ae DS DNA Infectious "ononuc!eosis

TV=I $etro3iri#ae SS $NA A#u!t T=ce!! !eu%e"iaH tropica!spastic paraparesis

IV=4 an# IV=/ $etro3iri#ae SS $NA AIDS

&rbo!iral and Hemorrhagic 'e!ersDengue 3irus 41 Toga3iri#ae SS $NA Dengue he"orrhagic fe3er

)e!!o@ fe3er 3irus Toga3iri#ae SS $NA )e!!o@ fe3er

$egiona! he"orrhagicfe3er 3iruses

Fi!o3iri#ae SS $NA E-o!a #isease

anta3irus SS $NA <orean pneu"onia



#arty GrowthsPapi!!o"a3irus Papo3a3iri#ae DS DNA Con#'!o"aH cer3ica! carcino"a

sJua"ous pro!iferations ingenera!

Central (er!ous SystemPo!io3irus Picorna3iri#ae SS

$NAPo!io"'e!itis

C 3irus Papo3a3iri#ae DSDNA

Progressi3e &u!tifoca!eu%oencepha!opath'

9opportunistic;Ar-o3ira!encepha!itis3iruses

Toga3iri#ae SS$NA

Eastern ,esternVene+ue!an St6 ouis



BACTE$IOPAGES

PAS&IDS

T$ANSPOSONS• INFECT BACTE$IA -ut "a'

"a%e a -acteria "ore #ifficu!tto treat -ecause it "a'

increase its >3iru!ence? or its suscepti-i!it' to

anti-iotics



BACTE$IA• G$A& staining @ith C$)STA VIOET

– POSITIVE( TIC< @a!! ONE phospho!ipi# !a'er

– NEGATIVE( TIN @a!! T,O phospho!ipi# !a'ers

• SAPE – COCCI 9-a!!s;

– BACII 9ro#s;

• OK)GEN reJuire"ents

– AE$OBIC 9NEED O/; – ANAE$OBIC 9#o NOT NEED O/;

– >FACUTATIVE? AE$OBIC "a%es ATP if O/ ispresent6

S i FreJuent Disease Presentations



Species FreJuent Disease Presentations

Infections -'p'ogenic cocci

Staphylococcus aureus) S*

epidermidis+ A-scess ce!!u!itis pneu"onia septice"ia

Streptococcus pyogenes) ,-

hemolytic

Upper respirator' tract infection er'sipe!as

scar!et fe3er septice"ia

Streptococcus pneumoniae 9pneu"occoccus;

o-ar pneu"onia "eningitis

(eisseria meningitidis 9"eningococcus;

Cere-rospina! "eningitis

(eisseria gonorrhoeae

9gonococcus;

Gonorrhea

Gra"=negati3einfectionsco""on

"scherichia coli Urinar' tract infection @oun# infectiona-scess pneu"onia septice"iaen#oto.e"ia en#ocar#itis

.lebsiella pneumoniae >

"nterobacter /&erobacter0aerogenes

>

1roteus spp6 /1* mirabilis) 1*morgagni0

>

Serratia marcescens > 1seudomonas spp6 /1*aeruginosa0

>

2acteroides spp6 /2* $ragilis0 Anaero-ic infection

egionella spp6 /* pneumophila0 egionnaires #isease

Contagious chi!#hoo# Haemophilus in$luenzae &eningitis upper an# !o@er respirator'



Contagious chi!#hoo#-acteria! #iseases

Haemophilus in$luenzae &eningitis upper an# !o@er respirator'tract infections

2ordetella pertussis ,hooping cough

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria

Enteropathicinfections

Enteropathogenic "* coli In3asi3e or nonin3asi3egastroenteroco!itis so"e @ithseptice"ia

Shigella spp6

Vibrio cholerae

Campylobacter $etus) C* 3e3uni

4ersinia enterocolitica

Salmonella spp6 94000 strains;

Salmonella typhi T'phoi# fe3er

C!ostri#ia! infections Clostridium tetani Tetanus 9!oc%a@;

Clostridium botulinum Botu!is" 9para!'tic foo# poisoning;

Clostridium per$ringens) C*septicum

Gas gangrene necroti+ing ce!!u!itis

Clostridium di$$icile Pseu#o"e"-ranous co!itis

L ti 2acillus anthracis Anthra. 9"a!ignant pustu!e;



Loonotic-acteria!infections

2acillus anthracis Anthra. 9"a!ignant pustu!e;

isteria monocytogenes isteria "eningitis !isteriosis

4ersinia pestis Bu-onic p!ague

'rancisella tularensis Tu!are"ia

2rucella melitensis) 2* suis)2* abortus

Bruce!!osis 9un#u!ant fe3er;

2urkholderia mallei) 2* pseudomallei

G!an#ers "e!ioi#osis

eptospira spp6 9"an'groups;

eptospirosis ,ei! #isease

2orrelia recurrentis $e!apsing fe3er

2orrelia burgdor$eri '"e -orre!iosis2artonella henselae Cat=scratch #iseaseH -aci!!ar'

angio"atosis

Spirillum minus)Streptobacillus monili$ormis

$at=-ite fe3er

u"an trepone"a! Treponema pallidum Venerea! en#e"ic s'phi!is



u"an trepone"a!infections

Treponema pallidum Venerea! en#e"ic s'phi!is9-ee!;

Treponema pertenue )a@s 9fra"-esia;

Treponema carateum /T*herre3oni0

Pinta 9carate "a! pinto;

&'co-acteria!infections

Mycobacteriumtuberculosis) M* bo!is 9<och -aci!!us;

Tu-ercu!osis

M* leprae 9ansen-aci!!us;

epros'

M* kansasii) M* &!ium/Complex0) M*intracellulare

At'pica! "'co-acteria!infections

M* ulcerans Buru!i u!cer Actino"'cetaceae (ocardia asteroides Nocar#iosis

&ctinomyces israelii Actino"'cosis



Ch! #i



Ch!a"'#iae

$ic%ettsiae

&'cop!as"as

• i%e Bacteria -utM66

–NO ce!! @a!! 9"'cop!as"a &AN)pneu"onias;

–NO ATP 9ch!a"'#ia STD @or!#@i#e

-!in#ness;

–NO !ife outsi#e a ce!! 9o-!igate

intrace!!u!ar ric%ettsiae $&SF;

FUNGI



FUNGI• )EASTS )PAE

• CANDIDA -' far the &OST

P$EVAENT ONE

• DE$&ATOP)TES9superficia!;9>tinea?; i6e6 epi#er"oph'ton

trichoph'ton "icrosporu"

• DEEP FUNGI 9G$ANUO&AS; – ISTOPAS&OSIS

– BASTO&)COSIS

– COCCIDIO&)COSIS

http://images.google.com/images?svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&q=yeast&btnG=Search

http://images.google.com/images?svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&q=hyphae&btnG=Search

http://images.google.com/images?svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&q=hyphae&btnG=Search

http://images.google.com/images?svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&q=yeast&btnG=Search



)EASTS )PAE



PA$ASITES• P$OTOLOA

• >&ETA?=LOA9E&INTS;

• >ECTO?=PA$ASITES

i6e6 A$T$OPODS

O O O



P$OTOLOA

• PAS&ODIU&

9&AA$IA;• EIS&ANIA

• ENTA&OEBA

• T$)PANOSO&A

• TOKOPAS&A

• GIA$DIA

SINGE CEINTESTINA or BOOD

Species Or#er For" Si+e Disease



Species Or#er For" Si+e Diseaseuminal or "pithelial

"ntamoeba histolytica A"e-ae Tropho+oite 451/0 8" A"e-ic #'senter'H !i3er a-scess

2alantidium coli Ci!iates Tropho+oite 501400 8" Co!itis

(aegleria $owleri A"e-of!age!!ates Tropho+oite 401/0 8" &eningoencepha!itis

&canthamoeba sp6 A"e-of!age!!ates Tropho+oite 45120 8" &eningoencepha!itis or ophtha!"itis

Giardia lamblia &astigophora Tropho+oite 44147 8" Diarrhea! #isease "a!a-sorption

5sospora belli Cocci#ia Ooc'st 401/0 8" Chronic enteroco!itis or "a!a-sorption or -oth

Cryptosporidium sp6 Cocci#ia Ooc'st 51 8"

Trichomonas !aginalis &astigophora Tropho+oite 40120 8" Urethritis 3aginitis

2loodstream1lasmodium species e"ospori#ia Tropho+oites schi+onts

ga"etes 9a!! s"a!! an# insi#e re#ce!!s;

&a!aria

2abesia microti) 2* bo!is e"ospori#ia Tropho+oites insi#e re# ce!!s Ba-esiosis

Trypanosoma species e"of!age!!ates Tr'po"astigote 4122 8" African s!eeping sic%ness

5ntracellular Trypanosoma cruzi e"of!age!!ates Tr'po"astigote /0 8" Chagas #isease

eishmania dono!ani e"of!age!!ates A"astigote / 8" <a!a=a+ar

eishmania species e"of!age!!ates A"astigote / 8" Cutaneous an# "ucocutaneous !eish"aniasis

Toxoplasma gondii Cocci#ia Tach'+oite 1 8" 9c'st !arger; To.op!as"osis



E&INTS9$OUNDne"ato#e; TAPEcesto#e;

• $oun#@or"s Tape@or"s• Co"p!e. ife C'c!es( se.ua! ase.ua!

• $OUND,O$&S 9ne"ato#es;( ASCA$IS

TOKOCA$A 9V&; ST$ONG)OIDES

ENTE$OBIUS• TAPE9FAT;,O$&S 9cesto#es;( TAENIA

9so!iu" 3s6 saginata;

DIP)OBOT$IU& )&ENOEPSIS

http://images.google.com/images?q=tapeworm&num=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&sa=N&as_qdr=all&tab=wi

http://images.google.com/images?svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&q=roundworms&btnG=Search

http://images.google.com/images?svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&q=roundworms&btnG=Search

http://images.google.com/images?q=tapeworm&num=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&sa=N&as_qdr=all&tab=wi





Ascaris !ife c'c!e





A$T$OPODS



A$T$OPODS(

INSECTS(• ICE

• BEDBUGS

• FEAS

A$ACNIDS(

• &ITES• TIC<S

• SPIDE$S



CASS INSECTA !egs

C

$

A

B

O

U

S

E

O

U

S

E

BEDBUG

FEA



CASS A$ACNIDA 7 !egs

TIC< A$VA &ITE ADUT &ITE

BAC<

,IDO,

B$O,N

Q==$ECUSE



S

CA

B

IE

S



BA$$IE$S• A ANATO&IC &UCOSA

POSSIBIITIES

–S<IN

–GI

–$ESPI$ATO$)

–U$OGENITA

SP$EAD



SP$EAD• DI$ECT EKTENSION

• )&PATICS

• BOOD• NE$VE

SA&E AS TU&O$R

$EEASE



$EEASE

9T$ANS&ISSION;• S<IN SEDDING

• COUGINGSNEELING

• U$INE

• FECES

• BOOD• VECTO$S e6g6 insects >+oonosis?

•>STDs? 9Se.ua!!' Trans"itte# Diseases;



IV$



INFECTIVIT) GENE$A

• AGENT OST CE

• AGENT TOKINS NEC$OSIS

• AGENT OST CEUA$

$EACTION DA&AGEDEAT

INFECTIVIT) VI$A



INFECTIVIT) VI$A•

ATTAC&ENT• ENT$)• T$ANSC$IPTION 9for@6re36;

• T$ANSATION – INCUSIONS – $EDUCED OST CE FUNCTION

– CE INU$) )SIS DEAT – ATENC) – NEOPAS&R a%a >transfor"ing?

INFECTIVIT) BACTE$IA



INFECTIVIT) BACTE$IA• ADE$ENCE

• ENT$)

• TOKINS

–ENDO Gra" = -acteria! co"ponents PS –EKO Gra" = secrete# proteins



I&&UNE EVASION• INACCESSIBIIT) to host #efense 9&r6

&'agi >no -e there?;

• VA$)ING 9"utating; antigens

• SEDDING antigens !i%e et or su-

tactics

• $ESISTING INNATE 9NATU$A;i""unit'

• I&PAI$ING T=CES

INFECTIONS



INFECTIONSof I&&UNOSUPP$ESSED OSTS

• Proto+oa!e!"inthic( Cr'ptospori#iu" PCP 9Pneu"oc'stis

Carinii iro3ecii Pneu"onia;

To.op!as"osis• Funga!( Can#i#a an# the usua! 2

• Bacteria!( TB Nocar#ia Sa!"one!!a

• Vira!( C&V SV VL



DIAGNOSTIC TECNIUES

• DI$ECT PATOGEN I&AGING gross"icro• G$A& STAIN

• >SPECIA? 9NOT E; STAINS e6g6 PAS

• AGA$ e6g6 CUTU$ES• TISSUE CUTU$E CPE 9C'toPatho!ogica!

Effect;

• ANTIBODIES 9SE$OOG);• PC$ PO)&E$ASE CAIN $EACTION e6g6

3ira! >OAD? a"a+ing!' specific an#sensiti3e6 ,)R



CEUA$ OST $ESPONSES

• SUPPU$ATIVE 9NEUT$OPISP&Ns; 9cu!tures "a' -e positi3e;

• &ONO=NUCEA$ i6e6'"phoc'tes &acrophages 9i6e6

&onoc'tes; G$ANUO&AS

• FIB$OSIS

• E&OSIDE$IN

• CACIFICATION



ACUTE APPENDICITIS


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch8-infectiousppt 47/115ABSCESSABSCESS



C$ONIC >&ONONUCEA$?C$ONIC >&ONONUCEA$?

INFA&&ATIONINFA&&ATION



G$ANUO&A



FIB$OSIS



E P$USSIAN BUE

E

&O

S

I

D

E$

I



Ca!cificationCa!cification

Th Bi i



The Biggies•VI$A

•BACTE$IA•FUNGA•PA$ASITIC



VI$A• T$ANSIENT ACUTE e6g6 &eas!es

&u"ps Po!io ,est Ni!e

• C$ONIC ATENT 9E$PESFA&I); SV C&V VL

• C$ONIC 9EPATITIS; ep6 B C

• >T$ANSFO$&ING? 9Epstein=Barr

EBV u"an Papi!!o"a PV;

BACTE$IA



BACTE$IA•Gra"•Gra"=

•NON=G$A&&)CO=-acteria 9AFB a%a >L=N?;

SPI$OCETES >#ar%fie!#?

ANAE$OBIC 3s6 aero-ic

>OBIGATE? INT$ACEUA$



FUNGA• )EASTS

–CANDIDA

–C$)PTOCOCCOSIS• &ODS 9)PA;

–ASPE$GIIS

–&UCO$&)COSIS 9L)GO&)COSIS;



PA$ASITES•P$OTOLOA 9GI

BOOD;•&ETALOA

9,O$&S;



VI$A• T$ANSIENT ACUTE

–&eas!es( S%in U$I ung GI Cornea Brain

–&u"ps( Parotitis Orchitis Pancreas CNS

–Po!io( &'e!itis 9Anterior horn "otor neurons;

–,est Ni!e 9ar-o=;( &eningoencepha!itis











VI$A• C$ONIC ATENT

9E$PES FA&I); SV

C&V VL

–erpes Si"p!e. Virus

–C'to&ega!o Virus

–Varice!!a=Loster Virus 9D$G;



SV

CONGENITA



C&V 9V=5; pneu"onia

BASOPIIC

CONGENITA

I&&UNOSUPP$ESSED



VL 3irusV2

VI$A



VI$A• C$ONIC 9EPATITIS; ep6 A B C –A &i!#est "ost uni3ersa! chief!'

acute

–B &ost #angerous in the acute

phase -ut "ost are SUB=c!inica!

–C &ost co""on cause of persistent

transa"initis "ore apt to go chronic

–D EM



NO$&ANO$&A IVE$



ACUTE VI$A EPATITIS



VI$A>T$ANSFO$&ING?

Epstein=Barr EBV 9V;!'"pho"a 9Bur%itts; nasophar'ngea!

u"an Papi!!o"a PVcer3ica! cancer 9sJua"ous ce!!; t'pes 4

an# 47 are a!@a's at the top of the !ist

PA$)NK



&ONONUCEOSIS cause# -' EBV

NODES

SPEEN

IVE$

ETE$OPIE



>&AIGNANT? ce!!s on PAP s"ear cause# -' PV

BACTE$IA



BACTE$IA•Gra" 9Staph Strep;

•Gra"= 9ro#s;• &)CO=-acteria 9TB;

• SPI$OCETES 9S)PIIS;

• ANAE$OBIC 9ABSCESSES;

• >OBIGATE? INT$ACEUA$

BACTE$IA



BACTE$IA• Gra" cocci 9StaphStrep;

S<IN

$ESPI$ATO$)T$ACT

S



S

T

A

P



ST$EP(

S<IN

$ESPI$ATO$)

E$ISIPEAS

G$A& POSITIVE



G$A& POSITIVE

$ODS• DIPTE$IA

• ISTE$IA

• ANT$AK======

• NOCA$DIA

• COST$IDIU&

G$A& NEGATIVE COCCI



G$A& NEGATIVE COCCI

•Neisseria

–GONO$$EA

–&ENINGITIS



G$A& NEGATIVE $ODS



G$A& NEGATIVE $ODS

• E6 COI

• Bor#ete!!a pertussis

• Pseu#o"onas aeruginosa

• <!e-sie!aAero-acter

• )ersinia pestis 9p!ague;

• e"ophi!us #ucre'i 9chancroi#;

&)COBACTE$IA



&)COBACTE$IA

9aci# fast;•Tu-ercu!osis• >At'pica!? "'co-acteria the

"ost i"portant of @hich is

&AC 9&'co-acteriu" A3iu"

Co"p!e. in IV patients;• epros'





&O$E ACID=FAST BACII AFB 9&AC;

SPI$OCETES



SPI$OCETES•S)PIIS (

Tepo!ema pa""#$um%& '&&)

• $EAPSING FEVE$ (*oe"#a +p.& v#a

"#ce a!$ t#c,+%

• )&E DISEASE (*oe"#a bu-$oe#&

v#a $ee t#c,+%

S)PIIS

http://images.google.com/images?svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&q=Treponema+pallidum&btnG=Search

http://images.google.com/images?svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&q=Treponema+pallidum&btnG=Search



S)PIIS• P$I&A$) (0A12E%

• SECONDA$) (3A1Y +,#!ma!#e+tat#o!+%

• TE$TIA$) (433A6& 16&*71E%

• CONGENITA

ANAE$OBES

http://images.google.com/images?q=chancre&num=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&sa=N&as_qdr=all&tab=wi

http://images.google.com/images?q=chancre&num=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&sa=N&as_qdr=all&tab=wi



ANAE$OBES• C!ostri#iu" 9Gra" -aci!!us;

–Cause of "an'"ost cases of >gas?

gangrene

>OBIGATE?



O Gintrace!!u!ar -acteria

• Ch!a"'#ia tracho"atis – Conuncti3itis –

GV 9'"phoGranu!o"a Veneriu"; – Urethritis sa!pingitis 9para!!e!s GC;

• $ic%ettsia 9$oc%' &ountain Spotte#Fe3er T'phus;

• &'cop!as"a 93er' co""on cause ofco""unit' acJuire# pneu"onias;





$&SF

FUNGA



FUNGA• )EASTS

–CANDIDA

–C$)PTOCOCCOSIS

• &ODS 9)PA;

–ASPE$GIIS

–&UCO$&)COSIS 9L)GO&)COSIS;

Can#i#a a!-icans



Can#i#a a!-icans•

Ora!• Vagina!

• Esophagea!

• A!! of the a-o3e are >"oist? non=%eratini+e# sJua"ous "ucosa arenWt

the'R

• I""unoco"pro"ise# e6g6 IV Dia-etes



Bu##ing )easts an# >PSEUDO? h'phae



Bu##ing cr'ptococca! 'easts In#ia in% prep CSF

C$)PTOCOCCUS

NEOFO$&ANS

&ODS



&ODS• Aspergi!!us

• L'go"'cosis

9&ucor"'cosis;

DE$&ATOP)TES



DE$&ATOP)TES

9>TINEAS?;

9superficia! fungi;

•EPIDE$&OP)TON

•&IC$OSPO$U&•T$ICOP)TON













SIGNIFICANT FUNGI



9#eep;

• ISTOPAS&OSIS tin'granu!es @ithin

"acrophages X2Y

• BASTO&)COSIS X/0Y

• COCCIDIO&)COSIS X50Y



P$OTOLOA



P$OTOLOA• &AA$IA (P"a+mo$#um +p.& o wh#ch

a"c#paum #+ the mo+t +e#u+%

• Ba-esiosis& ta!+m#tte$ by $ee t#c,&

• eish"aniasis

• Tr'panoso"iasis (+"eep#!- +#c,!e++%

• Chagas $#+ea+e (a"+o a typa!o+ome%• Enta"oe-a h#+to"yt#ca







GA&ETOC)TES



GA&ETOC)TES

Are CO&&ON

An# SAUSAGE

shape#

S

C



C

U

F

F

N

E

$ZS

DO

T

S



Affecte# $BCWs are NOT en!arge#

NO SCUFFNE$Ws DOTS

SC



U

FF

N

E

$

ZS

D

OT

S

8comet+



T$)PANOSO&IASIS

&ETALOA



9$OUND@or"sFAT@or"s;

• Strong'!oi#es 9"icroscopicroun#@or";

• Tape@or"s 9Beef Por% f!at@or";• Trichinosis 9!ar3a in s%e!eta! "usc!e;

• Schistoso"iasis 9-!a##er cancer;

• Fi!ariasis 9e!ephantiasis;

• VE$) OFTEN CO&PEK IFE C)CES

Ascaris !ife c'c!e

http://images.google.com/images?svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&q=elephantiasis&btnG=Search

http://images.google.com/images?svnum=100&hl=en&lr=&safe=off&as_qdr=all&q=elephantiasis&btnG=Search





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